Browsing by Author "Sangwan, Arun Kumar"
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ThesisItem Restricted Assessment and biochemical characterization of acaricide resistance in livestock ticks of Haryana(LUVAS, 2014) Gaur, Ruchi Singh; Sangwan, Arun KumarObjectives of the study were three fold: (i) Assessment of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum against deltamethrin and diazinon , (ii) Esterase profile pattern in susceptible and resistant ticks and (iii) antioxidant status/activity in ticks as influenced by acaricides exposure. The ticks were collected from various areas of Hisar and adjoining districts. Sufficient number of engorged females of H. anatolicum for acaricide resistance studies could only be collected from the Churu district of Rajasthan, adjoining Hisar. Rhipicephalus. (Boophilus). microplus ticks of Tohana (Hisar) were found resistant to both the acaricides while the ticks of Agroha (Hisar) were found susceptible using adult immersion test (AIT). The same results was obtained by using standard method of larval packet test (LPT). The H. anatolicum ticks of Tara Nagar (Churu) were found susceptible while of Churu city were resistant by using adult immersion test (AIT). The same results were obtained by larval packet test except that of ticks of Churu city were also found susceptible. A comparative analysis of the esterase patterns in susceptible and resistant ticks using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed six types of esterases (dubbed as EST-1b, EST-2b, EST-3b, EST-4b, EST-5b and EST-6b) in R.(B).microplus and four types of esterases (EST-1h, EST-2h, EST-3h, EST-4h) in H.anatolicum using α-Naphthyl acetate substrate. Qualitative expression of EST-4b while quantitative expression of EST-5b and EST-6b might be responsible for deltamethrin and diazinon resistance in R.(B). microplus while qualitative expression EST-4h was probably responsible for diazinon resistance in H. anatolicum. The data suggest that these AChEs may represent an important detoxification strategy developed to overcome the effects of acaricides. In acaricide exposed ticks increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as the concentration of exposure to acaricides increases suggests better combating of the harmful effects of free radical generation. The decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) activity as the concentration of exposure to acaricides increases suggests utilization of glutathione for combating the oxidative stress caused by acaricides.ThesisItem Restricted Assessment of acaricide resistance in livestock ticks and poultry red mites of Haryana(LUVAS, 2016) Suman kumari; Sangwan, Arun KumarObjectives of study were three fold: (i) Assessment of acaricide resistance in Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. (ii)Assessment of acaricide resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae .(iii) Assessment of esterase profile in H. anatolicum, R. (B.) microplus and D. gallinae. The ticks and mites were collected from various locations in Hisar district, Haryana. Resistance against deltamethrin and amitraz was detected in both, R.(B.) microplus and H. anatolicum ticks. Resistance against deltamethrin was found more widespread as compared to amitraz in both the ticks.The LC50 and LC99 of deltamethrin and amitraz was much higher in case of D. gallinae as compared to the ticks which is suggestive of acaricide resistance in the mites. Quantitative and qualitative estimation of esterases revealed that increased esterase activity was linked with development of acaricide resistance in ticks.ThesisItem Open Access Experimental immunisation of cattle against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum for control of Theileria annulata(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Sangwan, Arun Kumar; Banerjee, D. PThesisItem Open Access Identification of anmunodominant schizont antigens of three Indian Theileria annulata isolates by im munoblotting(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2000) Singh, Shobha Rani; Sangwan, Arun KumarThesisItem Restricted Quantitative xenodiagnosis of theileria annulata under different cattle management systems(LUVAS, 2008) P.Prasanna Kumar; Sangwan, Arun KumarBlood smears and ticks were collected from three large organized dairy farms, six commercial dairy farms, nine small holder dairy production units and twelve Gaushalas located at Hisar and surrounding areas in Haryana, India. These ticks were examined for the presence of Theileria annulata by using methyl-green pyronin staining method and blood smears were examined for the presence of T. annulata piroplasms and any other haemoprotozoan parasite using Giemsa staining method. Epidemiological variables related to host, vector and environment were also observed under different cattle management systems. A total of 3816 ticks were collected and identified from the four different cattle management systems. Out of that 1280 ticks were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 2455 were Boophilus microplus and 81 were Ornithodoros savigniyi. A total of 1200 H. a. anatolicum ticks (211 males and 989 females) were screened for the presence of Theileria. In large organized dairy farms 11.9 %, in commercial dairy farms 7.14 %, in small holder dairy production units 5.32 % and in Gaushalas 5.38 % ticks were positive for Theileria. Frequency distribution of Theileria positive acini per positive tick showed that the higher frequency was much more in small holder dairy production units when compared to other systems as more than 25 positive acini per positive tick were seen only in small holder dairy production units. Theileria prevalence in Hyalomma ticks was highest in large organized dairy farms and lowest in small holder dairy units and Gaushalas while Theileria intensity was lowest in large organized farms and highest in small holder dairy units. The lesser intensity and higher prevalence of T. annulata in Hyalomma ticks is epidemiologically a good situation as it leads to premunity in the population whereas higher intensity and lower prevalence leads to more clinical cases of theileriosis. Thus, small holder dairy units are at a greater risk of theileriosis than organized farms. The overall prevalence of Theileria organisms in cattle was estimated to be 48.89 % by blood smear examination that included large organized dairy farms 50.76 %, commercial dairy farms 48.03 %, small holder dairy production units 59 % and Gaushalas 39.16 %. Per cent parasitaemia was highest in small holder dairy unit 0.08% followed by commercial farms 0.03% and lowest in large organized dairy farms 0.02% and Gaushalas 0.02%. The lower parasitaemia of T. annulata in cattle is epidemiologically a good situation as it shows premune status of the animals. All the four different cattle management systems were mainly infested with Boophilus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum of which B. microplus was more abundant. Prevalence and abundance of Theileria in ticks and prevalence of Theileria in cattle was significantly higher in mixed (cross bred and indigenous) cattle populations maintained on the same premises than the indigenous cattle population alone or cross bred cattle population alone. Intensity and abundance of Theileria in ticks and prevalence of Theileria in cattle was significantly higher in cattle of mixed feeding (stall feeding and grazing) than that of stall feeding alone. Intensity and abundance of T. annulata in ticks was significantly lower in the dairies where acaricide use was regular.