Browsing by Author "Sabeena Nabi"
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ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Growing Media and Container Size for Raising Quality Nursery Stock of Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima Mill.)(SKUAST-K, 2012) Sabeena Nabi; Khan, P.A.The study was carried out in the Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e –Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar campus during the year 2011. In modern forestry, it is important to produce quality seedlings as it is considered as the key element for the success of any afforestation programme. So, production of high quality seedlings for large scale plantation programmes needs a readily available and suitable growing medium besides other suitable conditions. Nowadays, the introduction of containers/root trainers has made a tremendous impact on forest nursery seedling production. The root trainer technology offers production of large number of healthy and uniform size planting stock besides improving the quality of seedling. However, this technology has not been standardized for most of the species especially in Kashmir which needs optimization and standardization depending on seedling crop, local climatic conditions and planting technique to be followed. Hence the problem entitled “Influence of growing media and container size for raising quality nursery stock of Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima Mill.)” was undertaken to screen out the best growing media and container size for raising this species. To achieve the objectives seven combinations of growing media i.e. M1 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 1 : 0 : 0), M2 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 1 : 1 : 0), M3 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 1 : 1 : 1), M4 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 2 : 1 : 1), M5 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 2 : 2 : 1), M6 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 0 : 1 : 0), M7 (Soil : Sand : FYM, 1 : 2 : 1) and three different container/root trainer sizes i.e. (C1) 150 cc, (C2) 250 cc and (C3) 300cc were used. The experiment was laid in Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) taking 3 replications. Seeds were sown in containers/ root trainers containing different growing media combinations. The study was carried out for 8 months in nursery from February 2011 to October 2011. Chemical analysis of growing media was carried out before the laying out of experiment for better understanding of nutrient status (available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. To screen the best growing media and container/root trainer size the Ailanthus altissima Mill. seedlings were assessed for germination, growth, biomass, relative growth rate, plant per cent and quality parameters. The results revealed that the effect of growing media was significant in respect of germination percentage, growth, biomass, relative growth rate, plant per cent and quality parameters of Ailanthus altissima Mill. seedlings. Growing media M¬4 (Soil: Sand: FYM, 2:1:1) performed best in all the parameters i.e. germination percentage (88.18), seedling height (10.88 cm), collar diameter (1.13 mm), fresh shoot weight (1.07 g), fresh root weight (0.71 g), total seedling fresh weight (1.93 g), dry shoot weight (0.54 g), dry root weight (0.55 g), total seedling dry weight (0.90 g), relative growth rate (RGR) (18.11 mg g-1 d-1), plant per cent (69.83), root : shoot ratio (1.01), Dickson’s quality index (0.080). Container/root trainer size also exercised a significant influence on all the parameters. Container size (C3) 300cc achieved best results in all the parameters i.e. germination percentage (77.77), seedling height (7.98 cm), collar diameter (0.89 mm), fresh shoot weight (1.17 g), fresh root weight (0.64 g), total seedling fresh weight (1.80 g), dry shoot weight (0.62 g), dry root weight (0.46 g), total seedling dry weight (1.08 g), relative growth rate (RGR) (12.09 mg g-1 d-1), plant per cent (61.59), root : shoot ratio (0.74), sturdiness (8.90), Dickson’s quality index (0.108) which indicates that larger size container produced best quality seedling stock. The combined effect of growing medium and container size revealed that the best combinations which produced better results was M¬4C3 (Soil: Sand: FYM, 2:1:1- container/root trainer size- 300 cc).ThesisItem Open Access Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam(SKUAST Kashmir, 2016) Sabeena Nabi; Qaisar, K NThe present investigation entitled “Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam” was carried out, during the year 2013 and 2014. The experimental site is located between 34°1′12″N latitude and 74°46′48″E longitude at an altitude of 1610 m above mean sea level (msl). The main aim was to assess the prevalent agroforestry systems, their floristic composition, phytosociology and capacity to fulfill socio-economic needs of the people. Four agroforestry systems viz., Boundary plantation, Homegarden, Horti-agricultural and Horti-silvi-pasture system were found to be prevalent in the area by stratified random sampling procedure. Floristic composition of the agroforestry systems revealed the presence of 4 genera, 6 species of 3 families and 6 genera, 8 species of 3 families of broad leaved and fruit trees, respectively. While, 2 genera having 3 species belonging to 2 families were of shrub layer. Herbage (cultivated and wild) represented 70 genera belonging to 75 plant species and 37 families. Seasonal evaluation of phytosociological /quantitative attributes showed that in terms of cultivated plants in Boundary plantation, Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were dominant with highest importance value index (IVI) during spring and summer season, respectively. Correspondingly, Brassica oleracea var. acephala during spring, summer and Brassica rapa in autumn season exhibited maximum IVI in Homegarden. Similarly, in Horti-agricultural system, Phaseolus vulgaris and Brassica olearacea var. acephala demonstrated dominance over other cultivated species during spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Likewise, in wild herbage, Cynodon dactylon was the dominant species in Boundary plantation and Horti-silvi-pasture system. However, in Homegarden and Horti-agricultural system, Stellaria media explicated dominance over other species portraying communities as Cynodon dactylon- Polygonum hydropiper- Prunella vulgaris community in Boundary plantation, Stellaria media- Poa aungustifolia- Galinsoga parviflora in Homegarden, Stellaria media- Plantago major- Artemisia absinthium in Horti-agricultural system and Cynodon dactylon- Oenothera rosea- Mentha arvensis in Horti-silvi-pasture system. Shrub species present in different systems include Asparagus officinalis, Rubus niveus and Rubus ulmifolius. However, they were absent in Homegardens. Populus deltoides showed dominance in Boundary plantation exhibiting density of 100 individuals ha-1, basal area 2.41 m2 ha-1 with 100 % frequency and 118.01 importance value index (IVI). Malus domestica demonstrated dominance in remaining three agroforestry systems viz., Homegarden, Horti-agricultural andb Horti-silvi-pasture system explicating density of 66.67 plants ha-1, 466.67 plants ha-1 and 300 plants ha-1; basal area of 0.57 m2 ha-1, 4.91m2 ha-1 and 4.40 m2 ha-1; frequency of 83.33 %, 100 % and 100 %; importance value index (IVI) as 57.09, 134.50 and 72.00, respectively. Shannon weiner index for herbs, shrubs and trees was found to be maximum in Horti-silvi-pasture system. However, for wild herbage and trees, species evenness was maximum in Horti-agricultural system. Simpson index and concentration of dominance was higher in Homegarden for wild herbage, while it was maximum in Boundary plantation and Horti-agricultural system for shrubs. For trees, inverse diversity indices i.e. Simpson index and concentration of dominance were maximum in Boundary plantation. Overall scenario of vegetation indices described that Shannon weiner index and species evenness was in the order of herbs > trees > shrubs. While as, Simpson index and concentration of dominance was in sequence of shrubs > trees > herbs. Maximum similarity/resemblance of 51.35 % in vegetation was found between Boundary plantation and Horti-silvi-pasture. Overall results indicated that among four prevalent agroforestry systems evaluated, Horti-silvi-pasture system conserve more number of species i.e. is rich in floristic diversity of herbs, shrubs and trees. All agroforestry systems support the farmers in terms of income generation either at low or high profit levels. The income of Rs 3,335.71/ha, Rs 7,042.96/ha, Rs 13,46,62.10/ha and Rs 26,77,39.10/ha was generated from Boundary plantation, Homegarden, Horti-agricultural system and Horti-silvi-pasture system, respectively. Fuelwood Value Index (FVI) of preferred tree species displayed highest values of 948.05 and 1067.42 for Robinia pseudoacacia and Prunus dulcis, respectively. The crude protein content of preferred tree fodders decreased from spring to autumn, whereas, crude fibre, ether extract and ash content increased with advancing season. Furthermore, Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus nigra proved to be excellent source of protein, fat and fibre for efficient maintenance of ruminants respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Variation in seed and seedling traits of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. in North Kashmir Himalayas(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Nusrat Fayaz; Sabeena NabiThe present investigation entitled “Variation in seed and seedling traits of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. in North Kashmir Himalayas” was conducted in the experimental field of Division of Forest Biology & Tree Improvement of the Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Benhama, Ganderbal during the year 2020-2021. Seeds were collected from nine seed sources of Kashmir valley. From each source mature pods were collected from four seed bearing mother trees, located about 100 m apart from each other in the month of September, 2020. The evaluation of the seeds collected from different seed sources has carried out in the laboratory for pod and seed traits. To study the extent and pattern of variation with respect to growth and biomass characters, the seeds were subsequently sown in the nursery field of Division of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Benhama, Ganderbal. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the seed, pod, growth and biomass characters thus exhibiting more variability. Site second (S2, Palhallan Pattan/ District Baramulla) exhibited outstanding performance for the pod and seed traits (seed length 4.42 mm, pod length 72.66 mm) followed by S5 (Chewa /District Bandipora) and S4 (Sumbal Tangpora/ District Bandipora), whereas, S8 (Potushai Lolab/District Kupwara) showed the lowest values for these characters. Trees Sherabad Khore –T2, Palhallan Pattan -T4, Kunzer Tangmarg-T3, Sumbal Tangpora-T2, Chewa Bandipora-T4, Kanibathy Bediyaar-T4, Nutnusa Kupwara-T2, Potushai Lolab -T4 and Watyan Chandigam-T4 were found to be better within sites for the pod and seed traits. For the growth and biomass characters Site five (S5, Chewa/District Bandipora) exhibited outstanding performance followed by S1 (Sherabad Khore/District Baramulla) and S4 (Sumbal Tangpora/ District Bandipora), whereas S8 (Potushai Lolab/District Kupwara) showed the lowest values for these characters. Within trees Sherabad Khore -T1, Palhallan Pattan -T4, Kunzer Tangmarg-T3, Sumbal Tangpora-T4, Chewa Bandipora-T4, Kanibathy Bediyaar-T2, Nutnusa Kupwara-T2, Potushai Lolab -T1 and Watyan Chandigam-T3 were found to be better within sites for the growth and biomass characters. High heritability with moderate genetic gain was observed for seed weight (0.95), followed by pod length (0.91) and number of seeds per pod (0.88), among pod and seed traits. While as seed width recorded the minimum heritability. Among growth and biomass characters high heritability and high genetic gain was recorded in number of leaves (0.57), followed by shoot dry weight (0.46) and seed germination (0.43). While as total dry biomass recorded the minimum heritability. Highly significant and positive genotypic and significant positive phenotypic correlation were observed for pod width with seed length, seed weight with seed germination, pod length with seed length, seed germination with root shoot ratio, total fresh biomass with sturdiness, seed germination with total dry biomass, Number of leaves with total dry biomass, number of branches with Dicksons quality index. In principal component analysis for pod and seed traits, four out of seven components had eigen value greater than unity and they contributed (80.88 %) of total variation and for growth and biomass characters six out of sixteen components contributed (78.78%) of total variation. The genotypes presented in cluster first and secound were separated from the rest of the genotypes giving information about its most diverse nature for pod, seed, growth and biomass characters. These progenies are highly diverse and should be used for hybridization and improvement programmes.