Browsing by Author "SHARMA, AARTI"
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ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-02) SHARMA, AARTI; AGGARWAL, R KABSTRACT The present study entitled “Assessment of Water Quality in Educational Institutes in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted in the department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality in selected educational institutes in Solan district. The study was conducted in Solan, Dharampur and Kandaghat blocks of Solan district Himachal Pradesh during winter and summer seasons. The collected water samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical and biological parameters. The study revealed that the different water quality parameters like pH, EC, colour, odour, TDS, temperature, BOD, COD, heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni) and total coliform ranged from 6.95 to 7.13, 0.24 to 0.51 dS m-1, colourless, odourless, 107.90 to 194.02 mg l-1, 18.31 to 21.21°C, 0.69 to 2.26 mg l-1, 56.50 to 119.75 mg l-1, 0 mg l-1, 0.000 to 0.001 mg l-1, 0.001 to 0.003 mg l-1, 0.00 to 0.01 mg l-1, 0.00 to 0.02 mg l-1, 0.03 to 0.06 mg l-1, 0.00 to 0.02 mg l-1 and 20.00 to 54.00 MPN ml-1, which were within the permissible limits whereas, Fe ranged from 0.63 to 0.95 mg l-1 was above the permissible limits. The water quality index of tap water for all the selected educational institutes ranged from 25.80 to 36.38 and categorized as excellent.ThesisItem Open Access Gross Anatomical and Aerodynamical Characteristics of Skeleton of Pectoral Limb of Small Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda)(AAU, Anand, 2015) SHARMA, AARTI; Dubal, Subhash C.The present study entitled "Gross Anatomical and Aerodynamical Characteristics of Skeleton of Pectoral Limb of Small Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda)" was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology in collaboration with Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H. and Department of Agricultural Meteorology, B. A. College of Agricultural, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. For this study six cadaver kites were used for radiographic and gross biometrical measurements and aerodynamical evaluations. The study was made irrespective of the sex of birds. The pectoral girdle of the Small hidian kite had three pairs of bones, namely the scapula, the coracoid and the clavicle. All three bones came together dorsally and formed the foramen triosseum. The mean value of the area of the foramen triosseum was 0.36 ± 0.02 cm2. The scapula was a short, latero-medially flattened pneumatic bone, which resembled like a sword with sharp borders (the shape index was 12.50 ± 0.005%). The scapula had two surfaces, two borders and two extremities. The mean value of the weight, the length, the maximum width and the width at cranial extremity were 0.461 ± 0.014 g, 5.67 ± 0.087 cm, 0.70 ± 0.0234 cm and 1.29 ± 0.009 cm, respectively. The coracoid was the strongest and the shortest bone of the pectoral girdle and it had two expanded extremities and a shaft. The mean value of the weight, the length, the circumference at mid-shaft, the width of the proximal extremity and the distal extremity were 0.891 ± 0.0282 g, 4.34 ± 0.0327 cm, 2.40 ± 0.054 cm, 1.26 ± 0.0209 cm and 2.24 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. The clavicle was a flat and the most craniad bone of the pectoral girdle. It had a shaft and two extremities. Both clavicles were fused at distal extremity and formed a broad and short 'U' shaped furculum without hypocleideum. The mean value of the weight of the furculum, the curvature length of the clavicle, the width at the distal extremity and the width at the proximal extremity were 0.735 ± 0.041 g, 6.83 ± 0.16 cm, 0.39 ± 0.01 cm and 0.98 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. The humerus was the largest wing bone. It presented two extremities and a shaft. The proximal extremity had a convex head, two well-developed tubercles, a bicipital crest and a well develop deltopectoral crest. The distal extremity of the humerus had a humeral trochlea, which consisted of a hemispherical ulnar condyle medially and a cylindrical radial condyle laterally. Furthermore, the caudal surface of the distal extremity had a shallow olecranon fossa and two tricipital grooves. The mean value of the weight, the length, the mid-shaft circumference, the length of the bicipital crest and the length of the deltopectoral crest were 4.24 ± 0.14 g, 11.65 ± 0.12 cm, 3.01±0.058 cm, 0.81 ± 0.02 cm and 3.60 ± 0.049 cm, respectively. The ulna was larger and relatively longer than the radius. Both the bones were parallel to each other and separated by the wide interosseus space. It had two extremities and a shaft. The proximal extremity of the radius had a shallow articular concavity and a well-developed bicipital tubercle. The distal extremity had a condyle and a styloid process. The shaft was triangular and slightly curved. The ulna was the longest bone of the wing. The proximal extremity of the ulna was larger than the distal extremity. It had an articular socket and an olecranon process. The distal extremity of the ulna had two condyles. The shaft of the ulna had a nutrient foramen at its upper one third part of the bone and the outer surface of the shaft of the ulna had a series of small bony projections, which represented points of attachment for secondary feathers. The mean value of the weight of the radius and the ulna was 1.45 ± 0.085 g and 4.59 ± 0.33 g, respectively. The mean value of the length of the radius and the ulna was 12.95 ± 0.0 2 cm and 13.56 ± 0.14 cm, respectively. The mean value of the mid-shaft circumference of the radius and the ulna was 1.70 ± 0.04 cm and 2.47 ± 0.04 cm, respectively. There were three carpal bones, which were radial, ulnar and additional carpal bones. The carpometacarpus was fused mass with the distal row of the carpal bones and three metacarpal bones, namely first, second and third. The second carpometacarpal was the largest semi-cylindrical and had a distinct groove. The second and third carpometacarpals were fused at proximal as well as at distal extremity and enclosed a large interosseus space between them. The mean value of the weight of the carpometacarpals was 1.86 ± 0.10 g and length of the second carpometacarpus was 6.71 ± 0.09. There were three digits were found in the Small Indian kite. The aerodynamics characters (viz. body weight, body length, wing span, wing area, wing load and aspect ratio were measured) The mean value of the body weight, the body length, the wing span, the wing area and the wing load of the Small Indian kite were 682.67 ± 12.98 g, 54.50 ± 0.43 cm, 136.67 ± 2.74 cm, 2532.90 ± 104.82 cm2 and 0.269 ± 0.01 gcm-2, respectively. The aspect ratio is a simple measure of the shape of the wing. The mean value of the aspect ratio of the Small Indian kite wing was 6.82 ± 0.29. Lift of the wing at zero angle, at low (8.9 km / hour), mid (9.1 km / hour) and high (9.6 km / hour) air velocities and were 5.142 ± 0.39 g, 7.57 ± 0.35 g and 11 ± 0.377 g, respectively. The number of the primary feathers, the secondary feathers and the allula were 10, 12 to 15 and 2 to 3, respectively. The radiographs of the fully stretched wings showed the angle between the different bones and also showed the sesamoid bones, near the shoulder joint (humeroscapular bone), the elbow joint and the carpal joint (additional carpal bone). All anatomical and aerodynamical parameter concluded that the Small Indian kite was gliding and soaring bird.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING OF SOME BRINJAL CULTIVARS AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) AND STUDIES ON ITS BIOLOGY(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-10) SHARMA, AARTI; RANA, RAJINDER SINGHABSTRACT The present studies on “Screening of some brinjal cultivars against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) and studies on its biology” was carried out during 2016 in the field and laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Eight brinjal cultivars viz. 'Brinjal Long (F1)', 'DS-407', 'Ganesh', 'Long Green', 'Neelkanth', 'Prapti', 'Pusa Purple Cluster' and 'Pusa Purple Long' were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, L. orbonalis (Guenee) under field conditions. Egg and larval count of L. orbonalis was made on these cultivars. The per cent shoot infestation in different brinjal cultivars were evaluated on basis of number of shoot damaged whereas the per cent fruit infestation in different brinjal cultivars were evaluated on the basis of number of damaged fruits and this was correlated with various parameters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit pericarp thickness, fruit weight, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf hairs and total phenolic content. None of the cultivars were found to be tolerant to shoot attack of L. orbonalis infestation but considerable variation of infestation was recorded among different cultivars. The per cent fruit damage varied from 6.66% to 46.63% recording the minimum fruit infestation in 'DS-407' and 'Ganesh' while the maximum fruit infestation was observed in 'Prapti' which was at par with 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth'. Egg population, larval poulation, fruit weight loss, fruit pericarp thickness, fruit weight, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter were found to be positively correlated with per cent fruit infestation while fruit shape index, leaf hairs and total phenol content were found to be negatively correlated with the attack of fruit borer. Two brinjal cultivars 'Neelkanth' and 'Pusa Purple Long' were taken to study the developmental biology of the brinjal shoot and fruit borer under laboratory condition. The incubation period was 3.72 and 3.51 days on 'Neelkanth' and 'Pusa Purple Long' whereas the larval period was found 13.52 and 14.39 days on 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth'. The total developmental period was 24.52 and 26.41 days on 'Pusa Purple Long' and 'Neelkanth' cultivars, respectively. The fecundity was more on 'Pusa Purple Long' (210.20 eggs per female), as compared to 'Neelkanth' cultivar (193.40 eggs per female). The total phenol content was estimated on all eight brinjal cultivars and it was found that maximum in 'DS-407' cultivar (49.65 mg per 100g leaves) whereas, it was minimum in the 'Prapti' cultivar (37.66 mg per g leaves). The cultivar ‘DS-407’ having higher total phenol content i.e. 49.65 mg per 100g leaves was found to have lower fruit infestation.