Browsing by Author "Ruchika"
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ThesisItem Open Access Biocontrol of fusarial wilt of bottle gourd(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Ruchika; Narinder SinghThe wilt of bottle gourd caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a serious disease in bottle gourd growing areas of Punjab. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from bottle gourd fields of Ludhiana, Kapurthala and Bathinda districts of Punjab in order to analyze the antagonistic microflora. Five isolates of Trichoderma and three isolates of Pseudomonas were isolated and screened in vitro for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Among the various isolates, two isolates of Trichoderma (T1 and T2) and one isolate of Pseudomonas (P1) showed good inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum under lab conditions. Trichoderma isolate T2 showed maximum inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum (76.33 % and 65.83%) in dual culture and volatile assay, respectively. On Molecular characterization the selected isolates T1 and T2 were identified as Trichoderma asperellum and isolate P1 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The selected isolates were then applied as seed, soil and seed + soil treatments using 10g and 15g formulation of each antagonist to check their efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum in two different seasons (March and June) under field conditions. Maximum germination (91.67% and 87.50%) and maximum disease inhibition (92.31% and 86.67%) was found in case of chemical treatment followed by Trichoderma asperellum isolate T2 with a germination of 87.50 per cent and a disease reduction of 84.62 and 80.00 per cent in March and June, respectively. Maximum yield (235.99q/acre and 229.00q/acre) along with maximum total length (5.43 m and 4.83 m) was obtained in case of Trichoderma asperellum isolate T2 in March and June, respectively due to disease control and the plant growth promoting behaviour of the antagonist. The results of rhizospheric competence showed that enough propagules of the antagonists were present throughout the growing season to effectively manage the wilt pathogen. Talc based bioformulation of the selected antagonists showed maximum shelf life on storing at 0°C and packing in polythene bags.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies in Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-02) Ruchika; Khandelwal, VikasThree testers (Male sterile lines) and eleven lines (Restorer lines) was crossed in line × tester design to estimates the heterosis and combining ability studies in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and developed experimental material during summer, 2022. Afterwards, the parents along with thirty three hybrids and standard checks (MPMH-17, MPMH-21 and HHB 67) were evaluated during kharif, 2022. The crossing and evaluation work was carried out at Research farm of AICRP on Pearl Millet, Mandor (Jodhpur) Rajasthan. The analysis of variance, due to parents and parents vs. hybrids showed significant differences for all the characters in the study, while, for the hybrids it showed significant results for all the traits except for plant height and days to 50% flowering. Which indicated existence of considerable amount of genetic variability. On the basis of per se performance, hybrids ICMA 04999 × MIR 915, ICMA 94555 × MIR 1252, ICMA 04999 × MIR 710, ICMA 04999 × MIR 525-2 and ICMA 96333 × MIR 710 were found to be promising for grain yield per plant. Considerable amount of standard heterosis in desirable direction over the best standard check was observed for plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, zinc content, 1000- grain weight, stover yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant. Hybrids ICMA 04999 × MIR 915, ICMA 94555 × MIR 1252, ICMA 04999 × MIR 710, ICMA 04999 × MIR 525-2 and ICMA 96333 × MIR 710 were reported good for grain yield per plant and other yield attributing traits and showed high per se performance and standard heterosis. Seventeen hybrids displayed positive significant standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. The top three hybrids viz., ICMA 04999 × MIR 915, ICMA 94555 × MIR 1252 and ICMA 04999 × MIR 710 exhibited maximum significant standard heterosis. These hybrids also showed positive significant standard heterosis for number of effective tillers per plant, stover yield per plant and harvest index over the best standard check. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action with prime role of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length and diameter, iron and zinc content, 1000-grain weight, stover yield per plant, harvest index, and grain yield per plant. Whereas, preponderance of additive gene action was found for inheritance of plant height and nodes per plant. The estimation of general combining ability suggested that, female parents ICMA 94555, ICMA 04999 and male parents MIR 1259, MIR 1252, MIR 612 and MIR 1106 were good general combiner for yield and some other yield attributing characters. The best specific crosses for grain yield per plant involved the combinations of either average × average or good × poor. Three hybrids viz., ICMA 04999 × MIR 915, ICMA 94555 × MIR 1106 and ICMA 96333 × MIR 612 showed maximum sca effect for grain yield per plant and other yield attributing traits like number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, stover yield per plant and harvest index.ThesisItem Open Access POTENTIAL OF PAPAYA SEED EXTRACT BASED NANOPARTICLES IN INDUCING STERILITY IN MALE Bandicota bengalensis(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Ruchika; Singla, NeenaPresent study investigated the potential of papaya seed chloroform extract-based solid lipid nanoparticles (PSCEN) as a natural antifertility agent for field rat, Bandicota bengalensis. Nanoparticles prepared were spherical in shape with size varying from 300-600nm. Mature male rats trapped from fields were fed on bait containing two different concentrations of PSCEN i.e. 5% and 10% in bi-choice condition for 15 days. Mean total ingestion of active ingredient by treated groups of rats varied from 2.13-2.94 g/100 g body weight. No adverse effect of treatment was observed on body weight of rats. The weight of testis and epididymis was significantly reduced in rats treated with 10% PSCEN but the weight of other organs such as seminal vesicles, prostate gland, liver, kidney and spleen were affected variably by the treatment. There was a significant decrease in sperm motility (%), sperm viability (%), sperm concentration (millions/ml), sperm mitochondrial activity (%), sperm nuclear chromatin decondensation (%) and hypo-osmotic swelling (%), and a significant increase in sperm abnormality (%) in rats of both the treated groups as compared to control group. Breeding success of untreated male rats paired with untreated female rats varied from 33.33 to 80% while that of male rats treated with 5% PSCEN varied from 20.00 to 66.67 %. None of the untreated female rats paired with male rats treated with 10% PSCEN delivered pups indicated nil breeding. Only 16.67% breeding was observed in females paired with male rats treated with 10% PSCEN and evaluated after 60 days of termination of treatment. Present study revealed the maximum antifertility effect of 10% concentration of PSCEN which was partially reversed or not reversed after 105 days of treatment, indicating its long-term effect.