Browsing by Author "Richard Jagatheesan, PN"
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ArticleItem Open Access Clinical Investigation on Mycotic Pneumonia in Emu Chicks(2014-10) Lurthu Reetha, T; Senthilkumar, P; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Rajarajan, G; Arthanareeswaran, M; TANUVASEmu chicks in the age groups of one to two months maintained at TANUVAS- Regional Research Centre, Pudukottai were exhibited the clinical signs of respiratory distress, dysponea, cough, anorexia, dullness , unthriftiness and unable to walk. The emu chicks were treated with antibiotics and supportive therapies but the chicks were not responded to the treatment and died after three days. Based on colonial morphology and microscopic morphology the Aspergillus fumigatus. Copper sulphate @ 2.5 grams per 100 litres of drinking water was given to the remaining birds as preventive measures for three days.ArticleItem Open Access CORRELATION OF TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX WITH MILK YIELD OF CROSSBRED JERSEY COWS(2014) Clement Ebenezer Henry, A; Arunachalam, S; Sivakumar, T; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASThe study was carried out in the herd of Jersey-Sindhi crossbred cows maintained at Livestock Research Station, Kattupakkam, mostly a semi-arid region. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated by applying dry bulb reading and wet bulb reading. The THI calculated for morning and evening during winter were 74.35 ± 0.23, 77.43 ± 0.35 respectively and in summer were 83.39 ± 0.32 and 85.99 ± 0.31 respectively and the differences were found to be highly significant (P< 0.01) between seasons. The overall average milk yield per day during lactation of Jersey-Sindhi was 5.52 ± 0.19 kg and average milk yield per day from calving to calving was 4.66 ± 0.23 respectively. The THI and average daily milk yield per cow for both winter and summer were negative correlated but had no significant effect. Even though the THI was above the comfort level, it had little or no effect on the milk yield of crossbred Jersey-Sindhi cattle since the animals in the experimental condition were found to be tolerant to the climatic condition prevailing in that area.ArticleItem Open Access Cost Effectiveness of Different Diet Fed to "Tanuvas Namakkal Gold Japanese Quail"(Indian Veterinary Association, 2019-10) Shibi Thomas, K; Amutha, R.; Purushothaman, MR; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Ezhil Valavan, S; TANUVASTwo biological trials were conducted to determine the energy and lysine requirements in “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quail” for egg production performance and its economic impact. In the rst biological trial, nine diets with three levels of energy (2700, 2800 and 2900 Kcal/kg) each at three levels of lysine (0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 per cent) were formulated. The net pro t per egg over feed cost was high (Rs.0.59) in group T8 (2800 kcal/kg and 1.0%). The experimental feed for the second trial was formulated with iso nitrogenous diet containing 18.0 per cent protein and the energy level was further reduced to 2600, 2700 and 2800 kcal/kg but the same lysine levels were maintained for the layer phase from 7 to 26 weeks. The net pro t per egg over feed cost (Rs.0.64) was high in group T1 (2600 kcal/kg and 0.8%). The results of the study indicated 2600 Kcal/kg energy and 0.8 per cent lysine in layer phase of “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quail” fetched more net pro t per egg over feed cost.ArticleItem Open Access Demographic and Social Status of Sporting Bull Rearers and Rearing of Jallikattu Bulls(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Priyadharsini, R; Gopinathan, A; Karthickeyan, SMK; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASThe study was conducted among 176 sporting bull rearers in Madurai, Trichy, Dindigul and Pudukottai districts who were actively involved in sporting bull rearing. Majority of the sporting bull rearers were in the age group of less than 35 years (38.64 per cent) followed by 36 to 45 years (31.25 per cent) and more than 45 years (30.11 per cent) and they were illiterate (75.57 per cent) and mostly belonging to Hindu religion (77.27 per cent). Among bull rearers, 63.64 percent of the respondents belonged to backward community followed by most backward (26.14 percent) community and scheduled castes (9.60 percent). The data depicted that more than half of the respondents (55.11 per cent) were rearing the sporting bulls as an ancestral legacy for several decades. The bull rearers selected the bull calves based on alertness (24.21 per cent), body conformation (21.56 per cent) and whirls (19.96 per cent). Most of the bull rearers (85.22 per cent) believed that training was essential and their choices were swimming (30.50 per cent), vaadi (22.91 per cent) and hooking the soil by horns (17.98 per cent) for sporting bulls. The findings of this study indicated that it is an age-old traditional sporting event; even though there was no income from these sporting bulls they reared because of their ancestral practice.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and their Combination as Feed Additives in Gramapriya Chicks(2020-08) Shibi Thomas, K; Jayalalitha, V; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASThe present study was carried out to assess the production performance on supplementation of turmeric, ginger and their combination in the diets of Gramapriya chicks (240 birds) for a period of 8 weeks. Six experimental diets were formulated with control diet (T1) containing neither turmeric or ginger, T2 and T3 were fed diets containing 0.50 and 0.75% turmeric respectively, T4 and T5 fed diet containing 0.50 and 0.75% ginger respectively, T6 fed diet containing a combination of 0.50% ginger and 0.50% turmeric with commercial feed. The body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 and T6. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher T1 and T2. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) better in T2, T3 and T6 compared to other groups. Slaughter studies showed no significant difference between the treatments. The cost of production and return of birds was highly economical in treatment T2 as compared to other treatment groups. Supplementation of turmeric improves the growth performance of Gramapriya chicks when added at the rate of 0.50% in Gramapriya chicks.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Rearing Systems on Egg Traits and Hatching Characteristics of Beltsville Small White Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) under Hot Humid Climatic Condition(2016-10) Anna Anandh, M; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASThe study was conducted to determine the effects of rearing systems on Beltsville Small White Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) egg traits and hatching characteristics. A total of 225 Beltsville Small White turkeys were taken for the study and reared under three different rearing system viz. intensive system (full confinement), semi-intensive system (partial confinement and partial day scavenging) and free range system (all-day scavenging).The mean egg weight (g), egg length (cm), egg breadth (cm) and egg volume (cm3) values were significantly (P>0.01) higher in turkeys reared under intensive system of management followed by semi intensive system and free range system of management except shape index. Percentage of infertile eggs and embryonic mortalities were significantly (P>0.01) lower in turkeys reared under intensive and semi intensive systems whereas percentage of dead in shell, total egg hatchability, fertile egg hatchability, fertility and poult hatched weight values were significantly (P>0.01) higher in turkeys reared under intensive and semi intensive system of management. Significantly (P>0.01) better egg traits and reproductive performance was obtained for turkeys reared under intensive and semi intensive system of management and the values did not differ significantly between them. It is concluded that intensive and semi intensive system of rearing suitable to obtain better egg traits and hatching performance from Beltsville Small White Turkey under Indian conditions.ArticleItem Open Access ENERGY AND PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS DURING VARIOUS STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN JAPANESE QUAILS(TANUVAS, 2019-08) Shibi Thomas, K; Amutha, R; Purushothaman, MR; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Ezhilvalavan, S; Jayalalitha, V; TANUVASJapanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is a diversified domesticated poultry species reared for commercial egg and meat production. It is blessed with the unique characteristics of fast growth, early sexual maturity, high rate of egg production, short generation interval and shorter incubation period that makes it suitable for diversification. Other quail species include European quail (Coturnix coturnix), the bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), the California (Lophortyx californica), and the Chinese painted (Excalfactoria chinensis) (Ani et al., 2009).ThesisItem Restricted GENETIC EVALUATION OF SPORTING TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE OF TAMIL NADU(2018) Priyadharsini, R; Gopinathan, A; Karthickeyan, SMK; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVAS“Jallikattu” is a bull-baiting or bull taming sport and one of the oldest living ancient sports seen in the modern era of Tamil Nadu, which brings out the inherent qualities of the bulls, favouring their selection. Considering the facts of inherent sporting potentiality possessed by our native germplasm, their cultural association with the bravery of people and limited work on sporting performance traits in cattle, the present investigation has been planned to study the physical conformation, sporting performance, aggressiveness and molecular association of myostatin gene with sporting traits in indigenous cattle breeds.ArticleItem Open Access Impact of Demonstration of Fodder Plot at Farmer’s Field(2020-08) Jayalalitha, V; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Shibi Thomas, K; TANUVASThis study is aimed to popularize the fodder cultivation and its importance in livestock rearing. Four number of fodder plot demonstration units were established at Thuraiyur, Tiruchirappalli district. Farmers skill and income were improved due to this demonstration. There were a good number of farmers engaged in livestock rearing motivated to fodder cultivation by this extension approach. The cost of production of milk was reduced to Rs.6-7 per litre.ArticleItem Open Access INflUENCE OF INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON EMU (DROMAIUS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE) EGG HATCHABILITY(2012) Senthil Kumar, P; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Anna Anandh, M, et al.,; TANUVASThe study was conducted to assess an effect of incubation temperature (97.5° F, 98.0” F and 98.5” F) on hatching performance of emu eggs. A total of l50 eggs were divided into 3 equal groups (1, 2 and 3) differing in the incubation temperature (97.5° F, 980° F and 98.5” F in dry bulb respectively). Significant differences between the groups were observed for dead in shell. Raising the temperature to 98°F in G 2 and 98.5” F in G 3 led to reduce hatchability indices, primarily due to an increased rate of embryonic mortality found in both groups. Significantly different (P<0.()5) mean:SE % of total egg hatchability and fertile egg hatchability were observed for G I, G 2 and G 3, respectively. The rnean:SE incubation period (days) were 501110.66, 49.871012 and 49.77:0.l3 for G l. G 2 and G 3, respectively. The shortest incubation period recorded in this study was 49.77 days (G 3) at highest incubation temperature (98.5° F), while highest incubation period was 5O.ll days at lowest incubation temperature (97.5° F). A reversed trend was observed in hatching time, which expanded, in G 2 and G 3, compared with G l. From this study, it can be concluded that the best hatching performance was achieved at 97.5“F (Gl) incubation temperature. Application of higher incubation temperature led to increased % of dead embryos, decreased hatchability, shortened the duration of artificial incubation and increased hatching duration.ArticleItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF COCCIDIOSIS OUTBREAK IN TURKEY GROWERS(2014) Clement Ebenezer Henry, A; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Mehala, C; Paramasivam, A; Senthil Kumar, P; TANUVASAn outbreak of coccidiosis was recorded in the forty per cent of Nandanam – II turkey growers maintained at TANUVAS – Regional Research Centre, Pudukkottai and 6.25 per cent of the affected birds died after 5 – 10 days from the onset of symptoms. The microscopic examination of superficial scraping of the mucosa from intestines and caecum of dead birds revealed the presence of large numbers of schizonts (+++) and oocysts (++) of Eimeria sp. in the caecal / intestinal contents. Coproculture for in vitro sporulation of coccidial oocyst revealed the following species; Eimeria meleagrimitis (upper small intestine) and Eimeria adenoides (caeca). The entire flocks of turkey grower were treated with anticoccidial drugs Supercox (Diaveridine and Sulphaquinoxaline) in drinking water and Amprolium hydrochloride in feed as a shuttle programme. All the affected turkey growers recovered after 7-10 days from the onset of infection and showed marked improvement in feed intake and body weight gain.ArticleItem Open Access Meat quality characteristics of Beltsville Small White broiler and spent hen turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)(2020) Anna Anandh, M; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASA study was conducted to assess the physico - chemical, proximate and sensory characteristics of meat from Beltsville Small White turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) broilers and turkey spent hens. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher pH, water holding capacity and moisture content values were observed in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat as compared to Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. However, cooking loss, drip loss, shear force value, fragmentation index and collagen, protein and fat content values were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat then Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. Sensory attributes scores for appearance and colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness, oiliness and overall acceptability scores were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat as compared to Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. Turkey meat from Beltsville Small White turkey broiler had highly favourable physico – chemical characteristics and highly acceptable sensory characteristics then Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat.ArticleItem Open Access Meat quality characteristics of Beltsville Small White broiler and spent hen turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)(2020) Anna Anandh, M; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASA study was conducted to assess the physico - chemical, proximate and sensory characteristics of meat from Beltsville Small White turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) broilers and turkey spent hens. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher pH, water holding capacity and moisture content values were observed in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat as compared to Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. However, cooking loss, drip loss, shear force value, fragmentation index and collagen, protein and fat content values were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat then Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. Sensory attributes scores for appearance and colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness, oiliness and overall acceptability scores were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Beltsville Small White turkey broiler meat as compared to Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat. Turkey meat from Beltsville Small White turkey broiler had highly favourable physico – chemical characteristics and highly acceptable sensory characteristics then Beltsville Small White turkey spent hen meat.ArticleItem Open Access Milking and health management practices followed by the dairy farmers under village conditions of Tamil Nadu(2022-04) Anandha Prakash Singh, D; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASDairying supports millions of small and marginal farmers and landless labourers for their subsistence. Dairying has the potential to bring about socio-economic transformations in the rural sector. But the dairy farmers rearing crossbred cows are very often facing mastitis and other health related problems causing economic loss to the farmers. Hence, the present study was taken to assess the milking management practices, incidence of mastitis and other health management practices followed by the dairy farmers of Namakkal district. A survey was conducted in Namakkal district by selecting 50 dairy co-operative society farmers per block, totaling 150 farmers by personal contact using pre-tested schedule. The survey results showed an overall average of 3.01 cows per farmer. A sizeable percentage of farmers (18 per cent) had both Jersey and Holstein Friesian crossbreds. Calf suckling method for milk let-down was practiced by 97.33 per cent farmers. Most of the farmers practiced wet hand milking (98.67 per cent). Among the hand milking methods stripping was commonly practiced either singly (60 per cent) or coupled with full hand (18.67) or knuckling method (16 per cent). Mastitis incidence was encountered by only 28 per cent of the farmers mostly during winter season in early lactation cows. Deworming was practiced by 94 per cent of the farmers whereas, four per cent of the farmers practiced deticking. Foot and mouth disease was encountered by considerable number of farmers (26.67 per cent) followed by enteritis (18 per cent) problem.ArticleItem Open Access On-field sporting traits and behaviour of indigenous cattle breeds in sporting events (jallikattu) of Tamil Nadu(2019-12) Priyadharshini, R; Gopinathan, A; Karthikeyan, SMK; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; TANUVASThe on-field sporting traits and behaviours in bull baiting (jallikattu) were recorded in 857 sporting bulls in Madurai and Trichy districts. The overall mean velocity, stride length, time spent within the boundary of fighters and time taken to get tamed of the sporting bulls were 11.77±0.17 m/s, 7.07±0.09 m, 12.76±0.51 sec and 4.90±0.22 sec respectively. Overall on-field sporting behaviours like laterality, hooking, jumping, kicking and agonistic behaviour were 30%, 16.8%, 24.9%, 15.3% and 10.50% respectively. The event of winning and losing, and place of event had highly significant effects on velocity of sporting bulls. Place of event was found to affect the stride length significantly. There was a highly significant effect on laterality, hooking and agonistic behaviour among the winning and losing bulls. Presence or absence of hooking behaviour had highly significant effect and it was more prominent in winning (19.3%) than in losing (11%) bulls.ArticleItem Open Access Performance of “Tanuvas Namakkal Gold Japanese Quail” Fed Diet with Different Levels of Energy and Lysine(Indian Veterinary Association, 2019-10) Shibi Thomas, K; Amutha, R.; Purushothaman, MR; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Ezhil Valavan, S; TANUVASThe response of laying Japanese quails (TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quail, n=360) to three dietary levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and lysine (3×3 factorial design) on egg production performance was investigated in cage housing system. Nine diets including three levels of ME (2700, 2800 and 2900 Kcal/kg) each at three levels of lysine (0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 per cent) were fed to 4 replicated groups of 10 Japanese quail layers each from 10 to 29 weeks of age. The low and medium (2700 and 2800 Kcal/kg) energy showed signi cant (P<0.05) increase in hen day egg production. Feed consumption was signi cantly (P<0.01) higher in low energy level followed by medium and high (2800 and 2900 Kcal/kg) energy levels. Based on this it is concluded that the ration formulated at medium energy (2800 Kcal/kg) and high lysine (1.0 %) group (T8) might improve the net pro t per egg over feed cost.ArticleItem Open Access Production Performance of Gramapriya and Vanaraja Chicks in Tiruchirappalli District, India(2020-08) Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Shibi Thomas, K; Jayalalitha, V; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of improved varieties like Gramapriya and Vanaraja under field condition in intensive system of rearing. Both the breeds were evaluated for production performance parameters like weekly body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 8 weeks of age. Vanaraja birds showed significantly higher body weight than Gramapriya from 1 to 8 weeks of age. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio showed no significant difference between the birds.ArticleItem Open Access PROVENTRICULUS AND GIZZARD IMPACTION IN EMU BIRDS(2014) Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Mehala, C; Senthil Kumar, P; Paramasivam, A; Clement Ebenezer Henry, A; TANUVASThe emu farming is required more information on their husbandry and medical management for both producers and veterinarians. The present study describes impaction of proventricular - gizzard in emu chicks caused by ingestion of foreign materials.