Browsing by Author "Rathore, D. S."
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ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Nutrient Management in Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2008) Rathore, D. S.; Purohit, H. S.A field experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient management in blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)” was conducted on clay loam soil having medium fertility (268.40, 19.50 and 370.80 kg, available N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively), EC 1.13 dSm-1 and pH 7.8 at Agronomy Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The experiment consisted of 32 treatment combinations comprising of two levels of farm yard manure (0 and 5 t ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 75 and 100 % on the basis of STR) and four levels of biofertilizers (No inoculation, PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM). Experiment was conducted under split plot design having FYM and phosphorus in main plots and biofertilizers in sub plots with three replications and blackgram as a test crop. The residual effect of treatments were evaluated with wheat crop in sequence. Treatments were evaluated in terms of seed/grain, stover/straw and biological yields and uptake of nutrients (macro and micro) by blackgram and succeeding wheat. Post harvest soil properties were also determined after each crop to assess the change in physico-chemical properties and fertility status due to cropping and treatments under investigation. The results of the study showed that application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 or application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (100 % as based on STR) increased significantly the seed, stover and biological yield of blackgram as well as of succeeding wheat grown in sequence on residual FYM + P. Biofertilizers viz., PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM (dual inoculation) inoculation to blackgram significantly increased the seed, stover and biological yields of blackgram and yields of succeeding wheat grown in sequence. Application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1, P2O5 or biofertilizers significantly increased the number and weight of nodules per plant of blackgram. Application of FYM, phosphorus and biofertilizers significantly increased total uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) by blackgram and succeeding wheat. Combined use of phosphorus and FYM significantly increased the uptake of N, P and K by blackgram during both the years and uptake of N and P by succeeding wheat only on pooled basis and K during both the years and on pooled basis, while biofertilizers x FYM and biofertilizers x P significantly increased the total NPK uptake by blackgram and succeeding wheat. Combined use of biofertilizers x FYM significantly increased the total uptake of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe by blackgram, P x FYM and biofertilizers increased significantly by blackgram and Zn, Mn and Fe uptake (P x FYM interaction) and Zn, Cu and Fe uptake (biofertilizers x P interaction) by succeeding wheat. Application of FYM significantly decreased bulk density and increased porosity, CEC, organic carbon content, significantly increased DTPA extractable cationic micronutrients, available NPK and S content of soil after the harvest of the blackgram and wheat crops. While, application of phosphorus significantly increased CEC and organic carbon, significantly decreased DTPA extractable Zn and Fe, and significantly improved N and P content of soil after the harvest of blackgram and succeeding wheat. Inoculation of biofertilizers significantly increased organic carbon content and available N and P of soil after the harvest of blackgram and available phosphorus content in the soil after the harvest of succeeding wheat. Combined use of 5 t FYM ha-1 + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in supplementation of P equivalent to 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 for blackgram and of 10 kg P2O5 ha-1 equivalent for succeeding wheat. Dual inoculation of PSB + VAM also resulted in supplementation of P equivalent to 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 for blackgram. However, at higher fertility levels, dual inoculation resulted in supplementation of P equivalent to 10 kg P2O5 ha-1 only for blackgram. Integrated use of FYM and phosphorus or VAM + PSB and phosphorus not only supplemented the P requirement of main crop of blackgram equivalent to 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 but also of succeeding wheat to the extent of 10 kg P2O5 ha-1. Highest monetary returns of crop sequence (blackgram-wheat) was obtained with 5 t FYM + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (100 % P on STR basis) + dual inoculation of PSB + VAM followed by 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 (75 % P on STR basis) + 5 t FYM ha-1 with dual inoculation of PSB + VAM i.e. Rs. 99907.19 and Rs. 94890.16 ha-1, respectively with B : C ratio (6.18 and 5.90, respectively). Monetary return of same treatments without FYM were Rs 91180.69 and Rs 82439.37 ha-1, respectively with B : C ratio of 5.92 and 5.38.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Nutrient Management in Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2008) Rathore, D. S.; Purohit, H. S.A field experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient management in blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)” was conducted on clay loam soil having medium fertility (268.40, 19.50 and 370.80 kg, available N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively), EC 1.13 dSm-1 and pH 7.8 at Agronomy Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The experiment consisted of 32 treatment combinations comprising of two levels of farm yard manure (0 and 5 t ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 75 and 100 % on the basis of STR) and four levels of biofertilizers (No inoculation, PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM). Experiment was conducted under split plot design having FYM and phosphorus in main plots and biofertilizers in sub plots with three replications and blackgram as a test crop. The residual effect of treatments were evaluated with wheat crop in sequence. Treatments were evaluated in terms of seed/grain, stover/straw and biological yields and uptake of nutrients (macro and micro) by blackgram and succeeding wheat. Post harvest soil properties were also determined after each crop to assess the change in physico-chemical properties and fertility status due to cropping and treatments under investigation. The results of the study showed that application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 or application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (100 % as based on STR) increased significantly the seed, stover and biological yield of blackgram as well as of succeeding wheat grown in sequence on residual FYM + P. Biofertilizers viz., PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM (dual inoculation) inoculation to blackgram significantly increased the seed, stover and biological yields of blackgram and yields of succeeding wheat grown in sequence.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON CROP-WEED COMPETITION AND WEED MANAGEMENT IN LUCERNE (Medicago sativa L.) FOR SEED PRODUCTION(AAU, Anand, 1991) Rathore, D. S.; Mehta, H. M.The field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand, with a view to study the effect of crop-weed competition and herbicides in lucerne seed crop during rabi season of 1989-90. In the present experiment, treatment for crop-weed competition study were lucerne + unweeded control, lucerne + population of only dodder, lucerne + population of only Chenopodium album and lucerne + population of only monocot weeds. In addition to these, weed management treatments viz., one hand weeding (21 DAS), two hand weedings (21 + 42 DAS), pre-emergence application of pendimethalin, fluchloralin, oxyfluorfen, alachlor (each at 0.5 kg/ha), dimethazone (at 0.8 and 1.2 kg/ha), post emergence application of fluazifop-butyl (at 0.3 kg/ha) and glyphosate (at 0.1 and 0.2 kg/ha), were assigned at random in randomized block design with four replications. Periodical weed counts of total, monocot and dicot weeds at 30 DAS, 45 DAS, 75 DAS, 120 DAS, 150 DAS and at the timeof harvest were taken. To know the competiton 11 between crop and dodder, Cj^ album and monocot weeds their count were taken separately. Dry weight of monocot, dicot and total weeds along with weed control efficiency were recorded at harvest. The effect of treatments on yield, yield attributing characters and quality characters were also recorded. The economics of treatments was evaluated on the basis of lucerne forage and seed yield considering the then prevailed market prices. The crop-weed competition was critical upto first three weeks and subsequently the crop was able to compete with weeds. The parasitic weed dodder started, competition with lucerne 30 DAS. Gradually infestation of this weed became serious, so much so that crop reduced seed yield to the tune of 88 per cent as compared to two hand weedings. The competition between Cj_ album and lucerne was highest upto 75 DAS and gradually it was decreased. The lucerne seed yield was not reduced significantly by C^ album and was found at par with two hand weedings. Initially (upto 75 DAS) monocot weed intensity was low, however, when environment become conducive their density increased. Inspite of the higher density, monocot weeds were unable to compete with crop due to vigourous crop growth and deep root system. In respect of suppression of total, monocot and dicot weed count pre-emergence application of alachlor at 0.5 kg/ha and post-emergence application of fluazifop-butyl Ill at 0.3 kg/ha were found superior over rest of the treatments by recording lowest count of total, monocot and dicot weeds at all stages of crop growth. Herbicide dimethazone and oxyfluorfen were observed very effective and consistent in controlling C. album, however, performance of both these herbicides was not encouraging in terms of green forage yield. Single application of glyphosate significantly controlled dodder established on lucerne crop but when crop left for seed production haustoria embedded in host plants and tendrils on host stems recovered growth to varying degree and seriously damaged the seed crop. The dry biomass of total, monocot and dicot weeds at harvest was lowest in pre-emergence application of alachlor @ 0.5 kg/ha followed by pre-emergence application of fluchloralin @ 0.5 kg/ha and post-emergence application of fluazifop-butyl 0.3 kg/ha. Weed control efficiency was significantly increased by all the weed management treatments except glyphosate at lower dose. Plant height and plant population at different stages were significantly higher in post-emergence application of fluazifop-butyl (a 0.3 kg/ha and pre-emergence application of alachlor l? 0.5 kg/ha. IV Green forage yield was significantly increased by different weed management treatments. Pre-emergence application of alachlor @ 0.5 kg/ha recorded highest yield followed by post-emergence application of fluazifop-butyl 0.3 kg/ha. One hand weeding (21 DAS) and two hand weedings (21 + 42 DAS) did not differ significantly for green forage yield. Leafiness and crude protein content of lucerne forage were significantly increased by different weed management treatments. Lucerne seed yield differed significantly with different weed management treatments. Post-emergence application of fluazifop-butyl at 0.3 kg/ha gave the highest lucerne seed yield followed by pre-emergence application of alachlor at 0.5 kg/ha. As regard to economics, alachlor at 0.5 kg/ha ranked first in respect of ICBR value, followed by fluazifop-butyl at 0.3 kg/ha.