Browsing by Author "Rajinder Singh"
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ThesisItem Restricted Effect of priming on seed quality and storability in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Varinda; Rajinder SinghThe present study was conducted on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds var. Punjab Naveen with the objective to evaluate the effect of various priming treatments on the quality and storability of seeds. The freshly harvested seeds were subjected to different concentrations of priming treatments viz. K2HPO4, KH2PO4, Hydroxyurea, GA3, ethrel, benzyl adenine, mimosine, KNO3, ZnSO4 and H2O for 6 hours at 25°C and various physiological (germination percentage, speed of germination, mean days to germination, seedling length, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index) and biochemical parameters (Total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, α-amylase activity, dehydrogenase activity, total phenol content, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and membrane stability index) were recorded. Seed priming treatments ethrel (50ppm) followed by KNO3 (1.5%) and mimosine (100µM) were the most effective treatments in improving percent and speed of germination and reducing mean germination time immediately after priming. The best sixteen treatments along with control were selected thereafter and seeds were stored in cloth bags for 12 months in a refrigerator (4⁰C) to validate the effect of priming on seed quality during the storage period. The data were collected at bimonthly intervals, viz. zero, two, four, six, eight, ten and twelve months of storage. It was observed that with an increase in storage duration, an increase in physiological and biochemical aspects of seed quality in primed seeds. An increase in parameters was observed upto ten months of storage and sharp decline observed thereafter. All the priming treatments improved the germination related parameters in primed seeds over control but the extent of improvement varied. Seed priming with mimosine (200µM) followed by priming with KNO3 (1.5%) and KH2PO4 (10-5M) were found to be the best treatments for cucumber seeds even after storage for 12 months.ThesisItem Open Access Genotype and environment interaction in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for growth, yield and quality traits(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Inderdeep Kaur; Rajinder SinghSeventeen genotypes of radish were evaluated to determine their stability and adaptibity in six different environments during 2015-16 at PAU, Ludhiana. The data on growth, yield and quality characters and environmental variables were analyzed by AMMI model. The analysis revealed that the genotype RL-30 was stable for yield building factors in all the environments followed by genotype RB-21 (except in April). Genotype RL-2210 was stable for root plant ratio, root shoot ratio and quality characters. Among the environments, October was the best environment for testing the genotypes with wider adaptability followed by environment March. However environments April, December and August can be used to identify those genotypes that were specifically adapted to these environments. Genotypes Punjab Safed, LSR-2 and Pusa Jamuni 2 performed best in environment August. Selection-2, RB-21 and RL-2210 Long were found best in October. In December, Japanese White, RB-20 and RL-15 were good performer genotypes whereas in environment February Japanese White, RB-20 and RB-21 were better adapted. Selection-2, RL-2210 Long and RL-2210 performed best in March, while Punjab Safed and LSR-2 gave better adaptation in environment April. Total root yield had significant and positive correlation with marketable yield, root weight, plant weight, root diameter and root length. Path coefficient analysis revealed that marketable yield had the maximum positive direct effect on root yield followed by plant weight.ThesisItem Open Access Genotypic response of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to different seed priming treatments under diverse environments(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Didar Singh; Rajinder SinghThe present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana during January to March 2016 and 2017. The laboratory work was simultaneously conducted in Seed Technology Centre, Office of Director (Seeds), PAU, Ludhiana. The experiment was laid in split plot design keeping two environments (sowing in third week of January and third week of February) in main plot, three genotypes (Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunehri and MH-27) in sub-plot and eleven treatments along with control (hydration, GA3, KNO3, KH2PO4 and ethrel along with placing in wet gunny bags for 24 hours and 48 hours and hydration + FYM for 48 hours) in sub-sub plot. The physiological and biochemical parameters i.e. germination percentage, speed of germination, alpha amylase, total sugars, total protein and DNA content of seedling were recorded in laboratory. The physiological parameters like field emergence, speed of emergence, root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II and post emergence plant mortality were recorded from both the environments of field. The statistical analysis of data showed the superiority of the environment-2 over environmrnt-1 in all the field observations. The cultivar Hara Madhu was most responsive to seed priming treatments in both field and laboratory conditions. Seed priming treatments were significantly better over the control. Treating the seed with GA3 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum germination (%), speed of germination, alpha amylase and total sugars content in laboratory. Similarly seeds treated with KH2PO4 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours gave maximum field emergence (%), speed of emergence, dry weight content, vigour index II in both the environments and DNA & protein content in laboratory while hydration along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum root length, seedling length and vigour index I.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability studies in watermelon for yield and quality traits [Citrulus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai](Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Gurpreet Singh; Rajinder SinghThe present investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in watermelon for yield and quality traits [Citrulus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]” was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, India, during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Ten lines were crossed with four testers in a line x tester fashion and forty hybrids were assessed for various yield and quality attributes. Magnitude due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was found significant for most of the traits, indicating importance of both additive and non additive gene control in the inheritance of traits. The ratio of σ2SCA/ σ2GCA was more than unity indicating more influence of non additive genetic control except for days taken to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per plant, TSS and total carotenoids. The tester Arka Manik and Sugar Baby were good general combiners for most of the yield and quality parameters. While, among lines, EC-829875, WM-14 and EC-829870 were good combiners for most of the traits. The F1 Hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for fruit number per vine, EC-829826 x Sugar Baby for total yield per acre, EC-829870 x Sugar Baby for number of days to first fruit harvest and 100 seed weight, WM-53 x EC-829852 for average fruit weight, EC-829826 x EC-829827 for seed number per fruit, EC-829870 x EC-829827 for TSS content and EC-8298226 x EC-829852 for lycopene content were stood out good specific combiners. The hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for vine length, TSS and lycopene content, EC-829823 x EC-829852 for total fruit yield per plant, WM-14 x EC-829827 for number of fruits per plant, EC-829826 x Arka Manik for average fruit weight, number of primary branches, WM-53 x EC-829827 for internode length and EC-829870 x Sugar Baby for 100 seed weight were exhibited highest heterotic effect over better parent (BP). The hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for vine length, EC-829826 x Aarka Manik for number of primary branches, EC-8829858 x Arka Manik for days to harvest first fruit, EC-829875 x Arka Manik for total fruit yield per plant, WM-14 x Sugar Baby for number of fruits per plant, EC-829826 x Arka Manik for average fruit weight, , EC-829823 x EC-829827 for internode length and KFF 1-1-2 x Sugar Baby for TSS were exhibited highest standard heterotic effect over check. The present investigation revealed that hybrids EC-829870 x EC 829827, WM-14 x sugar Baby, KFF 1-1-2 x Arka Manik were promising hybrids in terms of yield and quality traits and can be exploited commercially.ThesisItem Restricted Improving longevity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds using ultra dry storage condition(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Sushil Kumar; Rajinder SinghThe studies on ―Improving longevity of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds using ultra dry storage conditions‖ were conducted at the Seed Physiology Laboratory, Office of Director (Seeds), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2020 and 2021. In the present investigation carrot seeds cv PC-161 were dried using different drying methods, then packed in aluminium foil packs and stored under ambient storage environment. Result showed that, silica gel drying achieved the lowest seed moisture content as compared to oven dry that had highest germination percentage and seed vigour up to 30 months of the storage period under ambient conditions. Study investigating optimum seed moisture content, packaging material and storage conditions revealed that, carrot seeds ultra-dried to 3% MC when packed in aluminium foil packs and stored in cold store, enhanced the seed longevity and recorded for lowest gain in moisture content, higher germination percentage and seed vigour. Whereas, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, α-amylase enzyme, lipid peroxidation and seed storage reserves were found least affected in ultra-dried seeds. Accelerated ageing test predicted that artificially aged carrot seeds (PC-161 and Punjab Black Beauty) for 4-5 days were equivalent to naturally aged seeds of 16 months under cold store and 12 months under ambient storage conditions, in terms germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length and seed vigour index. In carrot seeds stored for 16 months, seed proteins (30 - 70 kDa) and RNA integrity degraded with storage time and the lowest degradation of RNA and protein profile was observed in seeds dried with silica gel and stored in aluminium foil with 3% moisture content under cold storage conditions.ThesisItem Restricted Influence of growth regulator, crop geometry and fruit retention on seed yield and quality in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (mol.) Standle.)”(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Abhilasha; Rajinder SinghThe present investigation entitled “Influence of growth regulator, crop geometry and fruit retention on seed yield and quality in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standle.)” was conducted at Experimental Research Farm and Seed Physiology Laboratory, Office of Director (Seeds), PAU, Ludhiana during February to July 2019 and 2020. The experiment was laid in factorial randomized block design keeping three row spacings (250 x 50, 225 x 50 and 200 x 50 cm), three ethrel treatment at 2-4 leaf stage ( 50 ppm, 100 ppm and control) and number of fruits to be retained per plant (one, two and three fruits). Growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters were studied. The statistical analysis of data showed that at 250 x 50 cm spacing maximum vine length before fruit harvest, number of filled seeds,100 seed weight, number of seeds per fruit, germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling vigour index –I and II, seed yield per plant and per hectare, amino acids and alpha amylase activity and total lipid percentage was observed, but amount of total soluble sugars and number of unfilled seeds were minimum and were comparable at 225 x 50 cm spacings. With ethrel application at 50 ppm concentration maximum number of filled seeds, hundred seed weight, seed number per fruit, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare, germination percentage, speed of germination and seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I & II, total amino acids, alpha amylase activity and total lipid percentage were observed. Retaining one fruit per vine length improved hundred seed weight, number of seeds per fruit, germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index I & II, total amino acids, alpha amylase activity but seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare were maximum with retention of two fruits per vine. Based on this study, it is concluded that maximum seed yield and quality of bottle gourd seed was obtained when they were spaced at 225 x 50 cm and sprayed with ethrel @ 50 ppm at 2 and 4 leaf stage and two fruits per vine were retained.ThesisItem Restricted Morphological and molecular characterization of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] genetic resources(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Dilbag Singh; Rajinder SinghThe study entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] genetic resources” was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India). The analysis of variance for twenty three metric traits showed significant differences. The value of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the morphological characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance were observed for yield and its contributing traits. Clustering analysis using D2 test grouped the eighty eight watermelon accessions into ten distinct clusters. Based on cluster means, Cluster III was best for earliness and lowest 100 seed weight, Cluster VII was best for fruit length and yield per plant, whereas, Cluster V out scored for fruit quality parameters. Thirty three polymorphic SSR markers assigned the germplasm into seven groups. Groups III, V and VII exclusively consisted of Indian landraces. Modern cultivars rich in fruit quality occupied Group IV. Indian landraces showed closeness to both cultivated and wild watermelons, partially explaining their intermediate genetic constitution. Six accessions viz. WM-5, IC315321, Thar Manik (all from India), EC-829827 (USA), EC-829866 (Pakistan) and EC829818 (Iran) were found to be resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus. Combining the strengths of indigenous and exotic watermelon genotypes would be ideal to achieve twin objectives of broadening the genetic base as well as crop improvement of watermelon.ThesisItem Restricted Relationship Of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus With Its Vector, Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius)(Punjab Agricultural University ;Ludhiana, 2001) Rajinder Singh; Labh SinghThesisItem Open Access Screening of diverse genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under heat tolerance for yield and seed production(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Varun B.H; Rajinder SinghA detailed study was conducted to evaluate 76 diverse genotypes of tomato including four checks for yield and seed production under high temperature stress. The experiment was carried out using randomized block design at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the summer season for two years 2020 and 2021respectively. The temperature varied from 35-42°C during the peak fruiting period of the crop. The evaluation was carried out based on the evaluation of mean performance of both the years, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient analysis, principle component analysis and genetic variability study (dendrogram). High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation along with high heritability and genetic advance was noted for traits like yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per plant, average fruit weight, TSS, pericarp thickness, seed yield and germination percentage. The correlation and path analysis found strong and positive association of traits like number of fruits per plant, titrable acidity, number of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight, and pericarp thickness with yield and seed yield per plant. Number of days to first anthesis was found to have negative correlation with yield per plant and also seed yield per plant. Principle component analysis confirmed the presence of maximum variability in the first three principle components (40% of total phenotypic variability). Based on the variability studies (Dendrogram) the population was divided into four diverse and genetically distinct clusters. Among 76 diverse genotypes SHV866, SRD-864,NHP-761, NSP-768 and US-1143 were found to be the best performers for yield and fruit quality traits where as genotypes CLN-2679E, CLN-37-8-1, SRD-864, Campbell-22, EC 971784 and LST-36-1 were best performers for seed yield and quality. These genotypes out yielded the check varieties in all the aspect and can be used as high temperature tolerant lines or may be used as parents for breeding in heat tolerant lines.