Browsing by Author "RANA, VISHAL S."
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRUNING INTENSITIES ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF NECTARINE CVS. SILVER KING AND SNOW QUEEN(2010) THAKUR, NIDHIKA; RANA, VISHAL S.The present investigation on the “Effect of different pruning intensities on growth, flowering, yield and quality characteristics of nectarine cvs. Silver King and Snow Queen” was conducted in the experimental orchard of the Department of Fruit Science during the year, 2009 and 2010. The study was conducted on 5 year old nectarine plants of two cultivars namely; Silver King and Snow Queen, planted at a spacing of 2 m x 3 m and trained according to open centre system. The experiment comprised of nine pruning treatments viz., T1-20% thinning out + ¼ heading back, T2-20% thinning out + ½ heading back, T3-20% thinning out + ¾ heading back, T4 - 40% thinning out + ¼ heading back, T5-40% thinning out + ½ heading back, T6-60% thinning out + ¼ heading back, T7-60% thinning out + ½ heading back, T8-60% thinning out + ¾ heading back, and T9-40% thinning out + ¾ heading back (control). The results of the present investigation revealed that among different pruning intensities, the best results in terms of growth and flowering characteristics namely; shoot extension, trunk growth, leaf emergence, leaf area, flower initiation, full bloom; fruit quality characteristics namely; fruit weight, fruit size, sugar acid ratio and pulp stone ratio of nectarine fruits were recorded with the treatment T8 where 60% thinning out + ¾ heading back was done. The best grade i.e. three layer grade fruits were also observed to be maximum with this treatment. Among two cultivars, Silver King exhibited better growth, yield and quality characteristics than the Snow Queen.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DORMEX, CPPU AND MANUAL FRUIT THINNING ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)(2012) BABITA; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation on “Effect of Dormex, CPPU and manual fruit thinning on fruit yield and quality of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)” was conducted in the experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science. The kiwifruit vines having uniform growth and vigour, planted at a spacing of 4m x 6m and trained on T- bar system were selected for the present study. The entire program of study was divided into two experiments. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design. The first experiment was carried out on 8-year-old kiwifruit cv. Hayward and comprised of seven treatments viz., T1 (Dormex at 2 % on 10th February), T2 (Dormex at 2 % on 20th February), T3 (Dormex at 2 % on 2nd March), T4 (Dormex at 4 % on 10th February), T5 (Dormex at 4 % on 20th February), T6 (Dormex at 4 % on 2nd March) and T7 (control). Application of 4 per cent Dormex on 10th February i.e. 40 days prior to the anticipated date of bud break resulted in an advancement of bud break and floral bud emergence by 7 days, fruit set by 5 days and also increased the flowering period by 5 days. This treatment resulted in maximum net benefit in comparison to those of untreated kiwifruit vines. The second experiment was carried out in 27-year-old kiwifruit cv. Allison comprising of manual fruit thinning alone and in combination with 5ppm CPPU. This experiment included 8 treatments viz., T1 (control), T2 (5ppm CPPU), T3 (thinning upto 4 fruits/shoot), T4 (thinning upto 4 fruits/shoot + 5ppm CPPU), T5 (thinning upto6 fruits/shoot), T6 (thinning upto 6 fruits/shoot + 5ppm CPPU) T7 (thinning upto8 fruits/shoot) and T8 (thinning upto 8 fruits/shoot + 5ppm CPPU). The CPPU (urea based cytokinin) was applied as a fruit dip treatment after 10 days of petal fall. The results revealed that fruit thinning by retaining 6 fruits/shoot along with dipping in 5ppm CPPU after 10 days of petal fall resulted in higher yield of better size and quality fruits. This treatment gave maximum net profit as compared to those of untreated vinesThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF LEAF FRUIT RATIO AND GIRDLING ON THE FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF NECTARINE (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) cv. SILVER KING(UHF,NAUNI, 2015) ZAREA, SAYEED EHSAN; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of leaf fruit ratio and girdling on the fruit yield and quality of nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) cv. Silver King” was carried out in the experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan (H.P.) during the year 2014. Eight years old uniform nectarine plants of cultivar Silver King, raised on wild peach seedling rootstock were selected. The plants were planted at a spacing of 2 m×3 m and trained according to open centre system. The research trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments viz., T1 (leaf fruit ratio 20:1), T2 (leaf fruit ratio 30:1), T3 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1), T4 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1), T5 (girdling half the bark), T6(leaf fruit ratio 20:1 + girdling half the bark), T7(leaf fruit ratio 30:1 + girdling half the bark), T8(leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark), T9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) and T 10 (control). The fruit yield decreased linearly with the increase in leaf fruit ratio and lowest yield was recorded with treatment T9 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark). The highest leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were recorded in T 9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark), leaf nutrients viz., N, P, K, Ca and Mg decreased with increased leaf fruit ratio alone or in combination with girding. However, the fruit quality characteristics viz., fruit size and fruit weight were recorded highest in treatment T 8 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark). While, quality in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars and sugar acid ratio were recorded highest in treatment T 9followed by the treatment T 8 . On the other hand, the lowest acidity was recorded in T 9 (leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) followed by T 8 (leaf fruit ratio 40:1 + girdling half the bark). All the leaf fruit ratio treatments advanced the harvest date by 1 to 4 days compared to control and earliest harvesting was recorded in treatment T9(leaf fruit ratio 50:1 + girdling half the bark) . Thus, leaf fruit ratio 40:1 coupled with girdling half the bark followed by leaf fruit ratio 50:1 coupled with girdling half the bark were found suitable for cv. Silver King under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh (India).ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND IBA ON THE ROOTING OF CUTTINGS IN KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)(2013) SHARMA, NEHA; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation on the “Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and IBA on the rooting of cuttings in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)” was conducted under polyhouse conditions in kiwifruit block of the Department of Fruit Science. The entire programme of study was divided into two experiments. The experiments were laid out according to Randomized Block Design with 3 replications per treatment. The experiment-I was carried out on hardwood cuttings of kiwifruit cultivar Allison and comprised of nine treatments viz., T1 (IBA 5000ppm), T2 (PGPR-I), T3 (PGPRII), T4 (PGPR-I + IBA 4000ppm), T5 (PGPR-II + IBA 4000ppm), T6 (PGPR-I + IBA 3000ppm), T7 (PGPR-II + IBA 3000ppm), T8 (PGPR-I + IBA 2000ppm) and T9 (PGPR-II + IBA 2000ppm). In experiment-II all the above mentioned nine treatments were given to the semi-hardwood cuttings of kiwifruit. The treatment IBA 5000ppm recorded best root characteristics in terms of (per cent rooted cutting, primary roots, secondary roots, length of roots, total root length, root biomass); shoot characteristics in terms of shoot length, shoot diameter, shoot biomass and leaf characteristics in terms of number of leaves and leaf area in hardwood as well as semi-hardwood cuttings. This treatment also resulted in maximum net benefit per 100 cutting basis in comparison to other treatments. Among two types of cuttings hardwood cuttings exhibited best results with respect to root characteristics, however semi-hardwood cuttings gave better results with respect to shoot and leaf characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF POLLINATION METHODS ON THE FRUIT SET, YIELD AND QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT [Actinidia deliciosa Liang & Ferguson](UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) NAIK, SHARMISHTHA; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present studies on “Effect of pollination methods on the fruit set, yield and quality of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa Liang & Ferguson]” were conducted during 2010-11 in kiwifruit orchard of the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) located at 30° 50' North latitude and 77° 11' 30" East longitude at an elevation of 1260 m above mean sea level. These studies were conducted to develop effective pollen extenders for spray pollination, compare different pollination methods and to study effect of different storage temperatures on pollen viability. Seven liquid extenders containing different concentrations of various thickening agents with natural pollination, hand pollination and spray pollination with distilled water were used as controls. Spray pollination using automizer was observed to be two times more efficient than hand pollination. Highest fruit set, per cent A-grade fruits and yield/vine were recorded in liquid extender containing 1.4% arrowroot powder. Highest average fruit weights of 53.20g and 53.07g were also obtained in liquid extenders containing sago powder and arrowroot powder, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between fruit weight X fruit length (r= 0.882), fruit weight X fruit diameter (r = 0.852) and fruit weight X number of seeds/fruit (r=0.980). Regression equations showing relationships between fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and no. of seeds/fruit were also computed. The initial pollen viability in fresh pollen went on reducing with storage periods. The reduction in viability was drastic in storage at higher temperatures, moderate at relatively lower temperatures and least at -20 0C. The results further suggested that -20 0C was the best temperature at which maximum viability of kiwifruit pollen can be retained up to one year. Pollen stored for one year at -20 0C, 0 0C, 4 0C and room temperature were able to set 100%, 36%, 0% and 0% fruits, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MANURES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-07-21) SHARMA, SUNNY; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Influence of organic manures on growth, yieldand quality of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)” was carried out in experimental block of Department of Fruit Science during the year 2017-18. Seven year old vines of uniform size and vigour planted at 4.0 m× 6.0 m spacing were selected for the studies. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments viz., T1 [Recommended N, P& K through FYM (100%)], T2[Recommended N, P and K through Vermicompost (100%)], T3 [Recommended N, P and K through Poultry manure (100%)], T4 [Recommended N, P and K through FYM and Poultry manure (50:50)], T5 [Recommended N, P and K through FYM and Vermicompost (50:50)], T6 [Recommended N, P and K through Poultry manureand Vermicompost (50:50)], T7 [Recommended N, P and K through FYM, PM and VC (in equal proportions)] and T8 [Recommended nutrients (FYM:40 kg ,N :800 g, P2O5:600 g, K2O :800 g)]. The highest leaf area, chlorophyll content and yield were recorded with treatment T8. Highest fruit length, breadth and fruit weight were also recorded with this treatment. The advancement in flower initiation was recorded in T5 [Recommended N, P and K through FYM and Vermicompost (50:50)]. Fruit quality parameters namely, total sugars, reducing sugars and fruit firmness were also found highest in T5 [Recommended N, P and K through FYM and Vermicompost (50:50)]. Soil parameters like OC,CEC, maximum water holding capacity, viable microbial counts of bacteria, Actinomycetes and fungi were observed highest in T5 [Recommended N,P and K through FYM and Vermicompost (50:50)]. Whereas, the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were found highest in treatment T8 [Recommended nutrients (FYM:40 kg,N :800 g, P2O5:600 g, K2O :800 g.)].ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF PRUNING AND NITROGEN APPLICA TION FOR REJUVENATION OF SENILE PEACH [ Prunus persica (L.) ((LL..)) (L.) Batsch cv. EARLY WHITE GIANT ..(2016) SHEETAL; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Influence of pruning and nitrogen application for rejuvenation of senile peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cv. Early White Giant” was conducted in the farmer’s field at Neri kotli Village in Rajgarh area of Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh during the year 2015-2016. Twenty two years old experimental trees were subjected to 10 treatments viz. T1- Dehorning at 1.5 m + 100% RD of NPK, T2-Dehorning at 1.5 m + 150% N + RD of PK, T3-Dehorning at 1.5 m + 200% N + RD of PK, T4-Dehorning at 1.25 m + 100% RD of NPK, T5-Dehorning at 1.25 m + 150% N + RD of NPK, T6Dehorning at 1.25 m + 200% N + RD of NPK, T7-Dehorning at 0.75 m + 100% RD of NPK, T8-Dehorning at 0.75 m + 150% N + RD of NPK, T9-Dehorning at 0.75 m + 200% N + RD of NPK and T10-Normal Pruning with RD of NPK . The results of the present investigation revealed that among different dehorning levels and nitrogen applications, the best results in terms of increase in trunk girth, tree height, plant spread, leaf area, leaf N nutrient content, soil N content and soil K content were obtained with treatment T9 where dehorning level was 0.75 m and double dose of nitrogen coupled with recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium was applied. However, the best results in terms of cumulative yield, yield efficiency, best grade fruits (3- layer grade), fruit weight, fruit size, pulp stone ratio, sugars content, TSS and sugar acid ratio were obtained with the treatment T4 where dehorning level was 1.25 m and recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on the effect of Dormex and CPPU on biochemical changes and production of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)”(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) BABITA; RANA, VISHAL S.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on the effect of Dormex and CPPU on biochemical changes and production of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.)” was carried out in the Kiwifruit Block of Department of Fruit Science during 2014-16. The kiwifruit vines having uniform growth and vigour, planted at a spacing of 4m x 6m and trained on T- bar system were selected for the present study. The entire program of study was divided into three experiments. The Experiment-I was laid out according to RBD 12-years-old kiwifruit cv. Hayward and comprised of seven treatments viz., T 1 (Dormex 2%), T 2 (DORMEX 2% + Mineral oil (Orchol) 2%), T 3 (Dormex 4%), T 4 (Dormex 4 % + Mineral oil (Orchol) 2%), T 5 (Dormex at 6%), T 6 (Dormex Mineral oil (Orchol) 2%) and T 7 (control). These treatments were given 45 days prior to anticipated date of bud break as a foliar spray. Application of Dormex at 4 per cent along with mineral oil 2 per cent resulted an advancement of bud break by 9-10 days, emergence of flower buds by 9 days, full bloom date by 9-11 days, fruit set by 11-12 days. Maximum number of shoots emergence and number of buds per flowering shoots were also obtained with this treatment in comparison to control. Further, this treatment resulted in highest total fruit yield, maximum periodic increase in bud peroxidase activity with the concurrent decrease in catalase activity and highest C/N ratio in comparison to untreated vines. The Experiment-II was laid out according to Variance-ratio test (F-test) and Fisher’s t-test/ Behran dtest on 30-years-old vines of Allison kiwifruit, comprising CPPU (a synthetic cytokinin) treated and untreated fruits to study the different growth kinetic curves in developing kiwifruit. The CPPU 5ppm was applied as a fruit dip treatment after 10 days of petal fall. The results revealed that CPPU treated fruit exhibited higher fresh weight at 15 days interval exhibited double sigmoid growth pattern, characterized by rapid growth for 75days (Stage-I), period slow growth for 15 days (Stage-II) and period of enhanced growth for 90 days (Stage-III). This treatment also resulted in bigger sized fruits in terms of length and diameter. The CPPU treated fruits recorded higher amounts of total carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, organic acids and nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Among growth hormones, CPPU exhibited higher levels of IAA, GA 3 , Zeatin riboside with lower levels of ABA during all fruit growth stages. Residue dynamics of CPPU in kiwifruit revealed a rapid and continuous decrease of CPPU residues in developing kiwifruit with complete dessipation after 45 days of application. The Experiment-III was carried out to illucidate the effect of CPPU on the postharvest behaviour of kiwifruit after storage at ambient temperature (25+2 o C). This experiment was laid out according to RBD factorial. During storage, CPPU treated fruits exhibited higher per cent of physiological loss in weight (PLW), reduced titratable acidity, high TSS, polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities. Further, the CPPU application enhanced the climacteric rise in respiration and ethylene production during fruit ripening, shortening the shelf life of kiwifruit in comparison to untreated fruits.