Browsing by Author "Punia, J.S."
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ThesisItem Restricted Age and gender related neuropsychobehavioural toxicodynamics of imidacloprid in rats(LUVAS, 2009) Bachanti, Deepak Ramrao; Punia, J.S.Acute toxicity study of imidacloprid and its effects on neuropsychobehavioural profiles were studied in adult, prepubertal and weanling male and female Wistar rats to find out the differences in age and gender related toxicodynamics. The oral MTD value of imidacloprid was 1900 mg/kg in adult male rats, 1800 mg/kg in adult female rats, 1700 mg/kg in prepubertal male rats, 1600 mg/kg in prepubertal female rats and 1500 mg/kg in both weanling male and female rats. Thus MTD of imidacloprid varied with age and gender, the young one and female were found to be more sensitive. This indicated the relation of toxicity/sensitivity is sex hormone dependent, the female being more sensitive. Significant difference in onset, peak time and intensity of neurobehavioural effects were found in weanling, prepubertal and adult rats in most of the behavioural parameters with respect to age and gender. No autonomic muscarinic effect was observed in any of the groups during acute toxicity and neurobehavioural studies at any of the dose levels of imidacloprid used in this investigation indicating that even at lethal dose the selectivity profile of imidacloprid for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor will be same. Pain response and touch response were reduced in weanling, prepubertal and adult rats. Prepubertal and weanling rats were similarly affected. Corneal reflex was affected in weanling, prepubertal and adult rats whereas pinnal reflex and startle response was not affected in adult rats. Spontaneous motor activity (SMA) was reduced more in weanling maleS as compared to prepubertal and adult male rats. Overall, weanling rats were more sensitive to toxicity of imidacloprid and prepubertal and adult female were more affected than corresponding male rats.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of Imidacloprid- A Neonicotinoid Insecticide on Reproductive Functions of Female Rats(LUVAS, 2013) Lohiya, Archana; Punia, J.S.Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide is widely and most commonly used insecticide in soil, seed and foliar application for the control of suckling insects including rice hoppers, aphids, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, soil insects and some beetles and as an ectoparasiticide in veterinary medicine, Yet its effects on reproductive system of nontarget mammals have not been studied extensively. Study to assess the effects of imidacloprid on reproductive system was carried out in female wistar rats at two dose levels (19 and 38 mg/kg/day) administered for 10, 20 and 30 days. Effects were compared with respective control animals administerd daily with 2% gum acasia (1ml/100g b.wt.) for 10, 20 and 30 days. Different parameters undertaken were body weight, body organ weight, oxidative stress parameters viz. antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), reduced glutathione (GSH), and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) product malondialdehyde (MDA), cytoplasmic and membrane proteins in different organs (liver, kidney, ovary, uterus) and blood, microelements (zinc, copper and iron) level in ovary, progesterone level in plasma, and histopathological changes of vital organs. Imidacloprid at 38 mg/kg dose administered daily for 10, 20 and 30 days significantly increased levels of MDA and relative organ weights of liver and kidney after 20 and 30 days post administration. In ovary and plasma increased levels of MDA was observed at 38 mg/kg dose administered for 30 days. There was significant decrease in level of SOD enzyme in liver, ovary, uterus and in red blood cells at 38 mg/kg dose of imidacloprid administered daily for 20 and 30 days; GSH level was decreased in red blood cells; GPx enzyme levels were decreased in liver and ovary; and cytoplasmic and membrane proteins were decreased in liver and kidney tissues. At 38 mg/kg dose of imidacloprid administered daily for 30 days there was significant decrease in SOD enzyme level in kidney; GSH levels in both liver and kidney, GPx enzyme level in kidney and uterus. Cytoplasmic and membrane proteins were decreased in kidney, uterus, ovary and in red blood cells. No significant change in level of copper and iron was observed at both the doses. Zinc level was significantly increased in ovaries and serum progesterone level was decreased at 38 mg/kg dose administered daily for 30 days. Histopathological changes were observed in liver, kidney and ovary at 38 mg/kg dose administered daily for 20 and 30 days. Histopathological changes in uterus were observed at 38 mg/kg dose administered daily for 30 days. No significant changes were observed at 19 mg/kg dose of imidacloprid administered daily for 10, 20 and 30 days.ThesisItem Restricted Neuropsychobehavioural toxicodynamics of imidacloprid–a nitroguanidine insecticide(LUVAS, 2005) Sharma, Rajeev; Punia, J.S.The present investigation was designed to study the neuropsychobehavioural toxicodynamics of imidacloprid, a nitroguanidine insecticide, in adult swiss albino male mice and wistar rats. Following intraperitoneal administration of imidacloprid in mice, the main gross observable symptoms were decreased alertness, decreased grooming, restlessness, tremors, respiratory distress, abnormal body posture, open mouth breathing and flexion of head. No muscarinic effects were observed. The maximal tolerated dose of imiodacloprid was 55 mg/kg, i.p. Imidacloprid decreased spontaneous motor activity in a dose dependent manner and induced motor incoordination. It antagonized cocaine and amphetamine induced behaviour. Imidacloprid potentiated the seizures induced by electroshock, pentylenetetrazole, strychnine, tremorine and picrotoxin to tonic convulsions or death. It decreased the severity of lithium pilocarpine induced status epilepticus but increased the severity of status epilepticus induced by phenytoin pentylenetetrazole to tonic convulsions. Imidacloprid prolonged the barbiturates induced hypnosis. Prior administration of diazepam and carbamazepine decreased the tremors and prior administration of phenytoin reduced the restlessness induced by imidacloprid. However, prior treatment with fluoxetin had no effect on imidacloprid induced characteristic behavioural symptoms. Imidacloprid did not behave exactly like nicotine. It possess no autonomic muscarinic action. Effect of imidacloprid indicated the possibility of involvement of dopaminergic system and direct excitatory action at neuromuscular junction.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on some aspects of beta adrenergic mechanisms in isthmus of WLH hens(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2000) Parkash, Gyan; Punia, J.S.ThesisItem Open Access To assess the suitability of duodenum and crop of chicken as isolated preparations for bioassay of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Sinhmar, Sandeep; Punia, J.S.