Browsing by Author "Prakriti"
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ThesisItem Open Access Determination of nutrient requirement and contribution of nutrients from soil, FYM and fertilizers in turmeric in an acid Alfisol(Palampur, 2021-10-28) Prakriti; Dixit, S. P.The present study was carried out on turmeric var. Palam Pitamber during kharif 2021 at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV Palampur, to determine the nutrients requirement, contribution of nutrients from the soil, FYM and fertilizers in turmeric in an acid Alfisol. The experiment was conducted on pre-established three fertility gradients which was divided into seventy two plots i.e. each gradient into twenty four plots. There were seventy two treatment combinations comprising of N, P, K and FYM. These treatments were formed by different combinations as per the standard procedure of soil test crop response correlation studies (STCR) and having four levels of N (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1 ), P (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) and K (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1 ) and three levels of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 ). The soil was Typic Hapludalf, silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 5.47), medium in organic carbon (7.61 g kg-1 ), low in available nitrogen (256 kg ha-1 ), high in available phosphorus (31 kg ha-1 ) and medium in soil available potassium (190 kg ha-1 ). Soil samples (0-15 cm) collected before the sowing of turmeric crop were analyzed for pH, organic carbon and available N, P and K. The rhizome and haulm samples taken at harvest of turmeric were processed and analyzed to calculate nutrients uptake. The results revealed that the rhizome yield ranged from 94.21 to 224.0 q ha-1 , whereas the yield of haulm varied from 10.09 to 25.01 q ha-1 in different treatments. The total uptake of N, P and K ranged from 21.07 to 52.74, 5.84 to 14.45 and 25.70 to 66.94 kg ha-1 by turmeric, respectively. The amount of nutrients required to produce one quintal of rhizome was 0.25 kg nitrogen (N), 0.06 kg phosphorus (P) and 0.31 kg potassium (K). Per cent contribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from soil was 10.04, 27.26 and 15.57, fertilizer was 46.88, 16.33 and 53.14 and FYM was 3.23, 3.01 and 5.28, respectively. Fertilizer prescription equations were developed with the help of basic parameters viz. nutrient requirement, contribution of nutrients from soil, FYM and fertilizers. The ready reckoners were also generated at a different soil test values for different targets yield of the crop.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of MSME in Udham Singh nagar district of Uttarakhand: A case of frozen pea units(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Prakriti; Sharma, M.L.Vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important horticultural crop ranking fourth in world legume production. India ranks second in the world production of green peas sharing 24.22 per cent in total production. Uttarakhand ranks ninth in the production of green pea among all states with the production of 83.01 thousand tonnes contributing 1.73 per cent share in total production. MSMEs in Uttarakhand are showing an increasing trend in its establishment in the last decade. This sector is dominated by flour mills, rice mills and dairy enterprises. The study conducted in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand was based on the data collected from a sample of 16 units from the total number of 52 frozen pea units registered under MSME for the year 2018. The study is aimed at identifying financial performance of the units, factors influencing performance of entrepreneur, factors affecting processing and marketing of frozen pea and the constraints associated with the growth of frozen pea units. The results revealed that out of 16 units; 8 units (50.00%) were established before 2000, 5 units (31.75%) were established during 2000-2010 and 3 units (18.75%) were established after 2010. The input-output ratio of micro unit was found to be 1.01 and that for small and medium was 1.37 and 1.42 respectively, which reflects the profitability of units. The fixed capital ratio (Micro-0.12, Small-0.36, and Medium-0.39), operating ratio (Micro-0.47, Small-0.55, and Medium-0.63) and gross ratio (Micro-0.59, Small-0.69, and Medium-0.72) were found to be minimum which reflects that the units are capital efficient in use. The break even analysis reflects that micro enterprises have the breakeven point production of 54.80 quintal and that for small and medium enterprises are 498.84 quintals and 805.38 quintals respectively. It is clear that all the units are performing at profitable level as their actual production is greater than their breakeven point of production. Multinomial logistic analysis reflects that year of schooling, training and experience of the entrepreneurs has significant association with performance level of the entrepreneurs. But gender, family size, age of the entrepreneur and location of the unit has no significant association with performance of entrepreneurs. From the Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance to see the agreement in ranking the constraints associated with processing and marketing of frozen pea it is revealed that poor storage and poor technology & managerial skill is the major constraint in processing of frozen pea. Inadequate market information and Nonavailability of graded & good quality of raw material are also among major constraints. Z-Score analysis done to identify constraints with special reference to infrastructural, financial and marketing aspects indicates that Lack of Cold storage, Lack of Quality testing laboratory, Poor cooperation from the staff, Problem in packaging and labeling, Advertising, unavailability of refrigerated van, high rate of interest were very serious problems as reported by the entrepreneurs. Lack of institutional credit, poor market research and seasonal demand were the least affecting problems.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of jasmonic acid on morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality attributes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under salt stress(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07-16) Prakriti; Sridevi TallapragadaThe present study entitled “Efficacy of jasmonic acid on morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality attributes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under salt stress” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 7.5 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Jasmonic acid (4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 mM) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (HJ 541 and CSV 21F). Sampling was done at 40 and 60 DAS. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of jasmonic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, anatomical parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of jasmonic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress like in ψw (46.66%), ψs (18.27), photosynthetic rate (31.80%), transpiration rate (14.60%) and stomatal conductance (44.41%) in HJ 541, over their respective control. The values ranged from 7.32 to 6.66, 27.37 to 23.32 and 54.51 to 50.83 in protein, fibre and in-vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV 21F at 40 DAS. Application of JA help in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibily, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of JA ameliorate the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of JA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV 21F and HJ 541 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 8.5 mM jasmonic acid.