Browsing by Author "Prabhu, Manimuthu"
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ArticleItem Open Access Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India(2015-10) Prabhu, Manimuthu; Yogisharadhya, Revanaiah; Pavulraj, Selvaraj; Suresh, Chinnathambi; Sathish, Gopal; Singh, Raj Kumar; TANUVASWorld Health Assembly declared that the world is free from smallpox virus infection and vaccination against smallpox is not recommended since May 8, 1980. Since then several incidences of infections due to poxvirus reported in different parts of the world in humans and animals and the trend has now been increasing. In India, camelpox and buffalopox are the two important Orthopoxvirus (OPV) infections considered as emerging public health concern since last decade due to augmented reports of outbreaks and isolated cases. Both are highly contagious zoonotic viral diseases. Camelpox is an economically important, notifiable skin disease of camelids and could be used as a potential bio-warfare agent. Though, vaccines are available in few countries, this disease has received much attention in present days due to emergence of infections in human beings. Buffalopox is also causing tangible and intangible losses in affected herds which has no commercial vaccines at field to protect. Hence, novel, specific, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques would be useful in identification, thereby early implementations of therapeutic and preventives measures to curtail these diseases. This review provides an overview on the epidemiology, clinical picture, biology, diagnostic approaches and the preventive measures on the two emerging and re-emerging disease of India viz. camelpox and buffalopox.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Stabilization and Reconstitution on the Stability of a Novel Strain of Live Attenuated Orf Vaccine (ORFV MUK59/05)(2015) Bora, Durlav Prasad; Bhanuprakash, Veerakyathappa; Venkatesan, Gnanavel; Balamurugan, Vinayagamurthy; Prabhu, Manimuthu; Yogisharadhya, Revanaiah; TANUVASThe study describes the effect of stabilization on the stability of an indigenous live attenuated orf vaccine with stabilizers like LS, LHT and TAA after lyophilization and also reconstitution with NSS, PBS, distilled water and 1 M MgSO4 exposed at different temperatures under established lyophilization conditions. The stability of the vaccine was assessed both in freeze-dried and reconstituted forms at different temperatures. The results indicated that the orf vaccine lyophilized with LS stabilizer at 25 and 45°C and LHT at 37°C found superior over others in stabilizing the keeping quality of the vaccine. Intrinsic thermo-stability studies revealed the rapid deterioration of the vaccine, when compared to the vaccine stabilized with the either of the stabilizers. Among the diluents used for reconstitution of the vaccine, quality in terms of infectivity titers of the virus was well preserved in vaccine diluted with 0.85% NSS compared to other diluents like PBS, DW and 1 M MgSO4. The 1 M MgSO4 found unsuitable for diluting the orf vaccine. The study suggests that the LS at 25 and 45°C and LHT at 37°C are the choice of stabilizers and 0.85% NSS is the choice of diluent for orf vaccine at all temperatures contemplated.