Browsing by Author "Pal, Akhilesh Kumar"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Doses of Nitrogen on Growth, Flowering and Yield Attribute on African Marigold (Tagetes erectus L.) cv. PusanarangiGainda.(Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ., 2019) Kumar, Rahul; Pal, Akhilesh KumarFlowers are symbol of purity, beauty, peace, love and passion. In India, various traditional flowers have been grown since time immemorial. Floriculture is the increasing sector in international competition. In India, loose flowers were cultivated in an area of 324 thousand hectares with a production of about 1962 thousand MT during 2017-18. The contribution to loose-flower production by Uttar Pradesh is 46.4 thousand MT from an area of 21.2 thousand hectares during 2017-18.Marigold crop is one of the most important commercial flower crops which grown all over the world and in India as well, accounting for more than half of Nation’s loose flower production. Among loose flowers marigold ranks first,its demand is very high during Dashahera and Diwali. Marigold is an effective source of natural dye, obtained from the flower, for the textile industry. The petals of this flower is the chief source of carotenoids, especially lutein, which accounts for 80-90% of total carotenoids. These pigments are effectively used as a food colourant in the food industry. Flowers are also used to intensify the yellow colouration of egg yolk. The area under the cultivation of marigold in India is 66.13 thousand hectare and total production is 603.18 thousand MT (2015-16). It is one of the important flower crops of the eastern U.P. however, no concentrated effort till date has been made to improve the yield of this crop by use of economical dose of nitrogen Keeping these aspects in view, the present investigation was done on African marigold. The supply of nitrogen adequately is accompanying with vigorous vegetative growth and responsible for the profound green colour of leaves. application of nitrogen @150 kg/ha is of great significance for better growth, flower production and yield of seed is manifold average fertility. It, therefore, seems to be logical to recommend a good crop of African marigold cv. PusaNarangiGainda can be taken up in agro-ecological condition of Varanasi region by application of 150 kg/ha nitrogen along with the recommended dose of phosphorus and potash.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different levels of Nitrogen, Sulphur and their intractions on growth, yield and quality in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1(Department of Horticulture Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2021) Gautam, Priya Rahul; Pal, Akhilesh KumarA field experiment was conducted on “Effect of different levels of Nitrogen, Sulphur and their interaction on growth, yield and quality in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1”at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi UP, India. Rabi-2017-18.There were sixteen treatments in different levels of Nitrogen, Sulphur and their combinations, cunducted in factorial randomized block design (F-RBD) with three replications. The objective of the present study was to generate information on effect of nitrogen, sulphur and their intractions on growth, yield and quality in broccoli.Among sixteen treatments, maximum height of plant, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaves per plant in broccoli were recorded with the application of 150 kg N and 90 kg S ha-1(S3N3). However, the reduction in days of curd initiation was observed in 60 kg S and 0 kg N ha-1 (S2N0). Contrary to this, yield parameters such as curd weight, curd length, curd diameter and curd stalk girth were observed to be maximum with application of 150 Kg N and 90 Kg S ha-1(S3N3). The qualitative parameters such as TSS, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll contents of curd were also found to be maximum with 150 Kg N and 90 Kg S ha-1(S3N3). Hence the treatment combination S3N3 should be adopted for better growth, yield and quality of broccoli production under eastern Uttar Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different SSP formulations on growth, yield and quality parameters of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(Department of Horticulture Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2018) Sahoo, Deeptimayee; pal, Akhilesh Kumar; Pal, Akhilesh KumarThe present study “Effect of different SSP formulations on growth, yield and quality parameters” was conducted. Different formulations of SSP were taken as treatment combinations. Trial was laid with six treatments and was replicated four times following a randomized block design. Treatments taken were namely SSP-C, SSP-L, SSP-1, SSP-2, SSP-3 and SSP-4. Their effects on potato were studied in context to growth, yield and quality parameters. Observations were taken on intervals at various growth stages. It was found that treatments with higher phosphorus releasing effeciency showed highest plant height, shoot emergence %, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, yield, marketable yield, weight of tubers. Quality parameters like TSS, starch content, protein content, fiber content etc did not show much of variation. The process of manufacturing SSP is generally inorganic based. Organic acidulation of SSP with various acids increased its relative effeciency and showed better results in accordance to other sources. In control plot plant stand was good but due to lack of nutrition growth was stunted and yield was reduced. It can be concluded that potato variety grown with proper management practices and organic acidulated source of SSP gives better results in growth, yield and quality aspects. All the data were analyzed and overall it is found that treatment SSP-4 gave better efficacy than other group of SSP fertilizer.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.].(Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ., 2018) Mandal, Rupesh Kumar; Pal, Akhilesh KumarA field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) during summer season, 2017.The present investigation was aimed to explore the performance of vegetable cowpea [Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.] cv. KashiKanchan with respect to growth and yield attributing characters consists of thirteen treatment combinations with three levels of RDF of nitrogen and phosphorus (50%, 75% and 100%), nine kind of bio-fertilizers (50%, 75% and 100%RDF inoculation withRhizobium, PSB and PSB+ Rhizobium)and control. In Randomized Block Design with threereplications. Recommended dose of fertilizers for cowpea was 25:50:50.The results revealed that application of 100% RDF along with Rhizobium and PSB followed by 75% RDF along with Rhizobium and PSBsignificantly increased the plant height,seed germination percentage, days to first flowering, number of nodules per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed index, green pod length,green pod yield per plant, green pod yield per plot, seed index, individual green pod weight andgreen pod yield per hectare.PSB alone and dual inoculation with PSB + Rhizobium proved superior to Rhizobium alone. Number of leaves recorded significantly higher in 75% RDF along with Rhizobium and PSB than rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of variousdoses of Salicylic Acid, NAA and GA3on vegetative growth and pod yield of broad bean.(Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2021) Rathore, Kratika; Pal, Akhilesh KumarA field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of the year 2019-20 at the Vegetable Research Farm of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to study the effect of various doses of Salicylic Acid, NAA and GA3 on vegetative growth and pod yield of broad bean. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during the year of study. The experiment consists of ten treatments along with control viz. Salicylic acid at 100, 150 and 200 ppm, NAA at 20, 30 and 40 ppm and GA3 at 40, 80 and 120 ppm which were sprayed at 30 and 45 DAS. Results of field investigation indicated that, the foliar spraying of GA3 at 120 ppm substantially increased plant height (116.43 cm), branches/plant (6.33), pod length (7.51 cm), seeds/pod(4.67) as well as minimize duration for 50 % flowering (57.33 days) whereas spraying of NAA at 40 ppm remarkably increased pod width (1.35 cm), fresh pod weight (4.65 g), pods /plant (87.55) as well as fresh pod yield (105.09 q/ha) as compared to other treatments. Therefore, spraying of GA3 at 120 ppm and NAA at 40 ppm was found effective for increasing the growth and yield attributes in broad bean.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)(Department of Horticulture Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2020) Kumar, Harsh; Pal, Akhilesh KumarAn investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)” was carried out at Vegetables Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during summer season (Zaid season), 2019. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design (RBD) with 26 genotypes which are replicated thrice to estimate the range of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advancement, correlation between yield and other characters, direct and indirect effects of the yield through path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence through D2 statistics. ANOVA demonstrated the presence of significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. GCV values were lower than PCV for all characters. Among the characters, fruit yield per plant (g) revealed the highest PCV and GCV values. High estimates of heritability were obtained for almost all the characters except for leaf blade length, total number of 1° branches and pulp to seed ratio. Whereas, high heritability coupled with high GAM were reported fortraits viz., fruit yield per plant (g), total number of female flowers, node to first female flower, total number of fruits, fruit weight, and TSS. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between fruit yield plant-1 and different yield attributing characters showed that estimates of GCC were higher than PCC, and fruit yield plant-1 was having highly positive and significant correlation with traits viz., days to 1st female flower, total number of female flowers and fruits per plant, and titratable acidity. Path coefficient analysis showed a substantial positive and direct effect at both genotypic and phenotypic levels on fruit yield plant-1 through fruit weight, total number of female flowers, pulp weight, days to first male flower, cavity width, total number of primary branches, ascorbic acid content, phenol content, node to first female flower, and days to first fruit harvest.Based on the relative magnitude of D2 values, altogether twelve clusters were formed. Of the twelve clusters, cluster 1 was largest with the nine genotypes, followed by 3rd cluster with seven genotypes. Among the traits studied, maximum genetic divergence was contributed by the character index seed weight. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster 8th and 11th while, the intra-cluster distance was highest in cluster 3.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic components of variation and characters association in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).(Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2022) Arya, Dhaneshvari; Pal, Akhilesh KumarIn the present investigation, an experiment has been doneon germplasmevolution in 15 genotypes of tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, during Rabi season of 2020-21.The experiment was laid under Randomized Block Design with three replications to investigate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percentage of mean, correlation coefficient, path analysis and genetic diversity.Analysis of coefficient of variation revealed that magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under study. The high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations (PCV and GCV) were noted for lycopene content (49.27 and 48.58) followed by dry fruit weight (32.94 and 31.54) and locules per fruit (29.92 and 27.40). High heritability and genetic advance were observed for lycopene (98.67%) and fruit weight (15.49) while moderate heritability was recorded for seed test weight (44.32%).Fruit yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with lycopene, fruit per plant, ascorbic acid and days to fifty percent flowering. The path coefficient studies also revealed that a high positive direct effect was recorded through lycopene, fruit per plant, locules per fruit, ascorbic acid and pericarp thickness towards yield indicating that these characteristics may be considered the most reliable selection indices while makingselection for high yielding genotypes. Fruit yield per plant contributed much more to genetic diversity followed by lycopene content, seed test weight, ascorbic acid and fruit weight. The exploration of genetic variability in the available germplasm is a prerequisite in breeding programme for effective selection of superior genotypes of tomato.ThesisItem Open Access Survey on genetic parameters, variability and trait association in tuberose ( Polianthes tuberosa L.).(Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ., 2019) Gautam, Yougesh; Pal, Akhilesh KumarFloriculture is an emerging sector in India which is now attracting the view of an individual and also a great source for employment opportunities. Floriculture is concerned with production and marketing of various flowers, potted plants, nursery plants, bulbs, seed, corm and extraction of oils. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is one the important ornamental bulbous plant which is grown in India. Among various bulbous plant, tuberose is one of the important cut as well as loose flower grown in tropical part of the country for its long lasting spikes. The data on twenty one traits of twenty different cultivars of tuberose viz., days taken to bulb sprout (days), plant height at (cm), number of leaves/plant, length of longest leaf (cm), width of largest leaf (cm), internodal length of spike (cm), plant spread (cm), number of spikes/plant, spike length (cm), weight of spike (g), rachis length (cm), number of florets/plant, floret length (cm), floret diameter (cm), vase life of floret (days), length of big bulb (mm), diameter of big bulb (mm), weight of big bulb (g), length of small bulb (mm), diameter of small bulb (mm) and weight of small bulb (g) were conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi during 2018-19. Among the different cultivars, the maximum number of florets per plant was recorded in Bidhan Snigdha followed by the cultivars Prajwal, Sikkim Selection, Mexican Single, Vaibhav, Shringar, Phule Rajani, Single, Hyderabad Double and Swarna Rekha. While, the minimum florets per plant was recorded in cultivar STR-505. Hyderabad Double and Swarna Rekha were found to be statistically at par with Single. Phenotypic and Genotypic variance was found maximum for weight of bulb trait. Similarly, Phenotypic and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was noted maximum for weight of spike