Browsing by Author "PRAKASH"
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ThesisItem Open Access BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MIRID BUG, Poppiocapsidea (= Creontiades) biseratense (DISTANT) (HEMIPTERA : MIRIDAE) ON Bt COTTON(2012-06-30) PRAKASH; M. BHEEMANNAStudies undertaken at College of Agriculture and Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur during 2011-12 on Bio-Ecology and management of mirid bug, Poppiocapsidea (=Creontiades) biseratense (Distant) on Bt cotton indicated that, the female bug inserted the eggs singly or in groups on the petiole, bracts and flower petals. The freshly laid eggs were nacreous white in colour and cigar shaped. Hook shaped egg cap was formed at the anterior end which aided in hatching. The bug had five nymphal instars with a mean nymphal duration of 12.60 days. The total life cycle of male and female was 32.70 and 40.40 days with a mean fecundity of 126.10 eggs per female. Both nymphs and adults were found to suck the sap by piercing their sharp stylet into the plant tissues, squares and small tender bolls. Favoured plant parts for feeding are the squares of all sizes, young leaves and small bolls. Affected parts gradually turned yellow, sunken and dropped down prematurely and symptoms like square staining, feeding punctures at the base of square and on small bolls were found. The incidence of mirid bug was noticed from September and gradually increased in the month of November and December. Peak incidence of mirid bug was noticed in the month of November and December. In general the incidence of mirid bug was low in the crop sown in July and more in the crop sown in August. However in all different date sown crop the incidence of mirid bug was coincides with the maximum fruiting bodies of the crop. Thirteen Bt and a non Bt cotton hybrids were screened under field condition for their reaction to mirid bug damage. Based on the overall performance of the hybrids, Brahma, RCH 530 and VICH 303 appeared to be less prone to mirid bug attack. Mirid bug incidence was found to be high on genotypes which have more trichome density, and hence the hairy varieties like NCS-145, MRC-7351 and Tulsi-144 might be more prone to mirid attack compared to glabrous varieties like Brahma, VICH-303 and RCH-530. Among the different insecticides and botanicals evaluated for their efficacy against P. biseratense, fipronil 5 SC+1 per cent salt at 50 g a.i. /ha, acephate 75 SP +1 per cent salt at 750 g a.i. /ha, and profenophos 50 EC +1 per cent salt at 1000 g a.i. /ha, were found to be superior over other chemicals in reducing the mirid bug populationThesisItem Open Access BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF SCALE INSECT, Hemilecanium imbricans (Green) (Coccidae : Homoptera) ON MANGO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-06) PRAKASH; PATIL, R. R.Studies on Bio-ecology and management of scale insect, Hemilecanium imbricans (Green) (Coccidae: Homoptera) on mango indicated lower incidence of H.imbricans initially during the months of October to December but gradually increased and peaked at the end of the April-May. Among the four villages surveyed the infestation was higher in Navalur and Kelageri villages of Dharwad district. Incidence of H. imbricans was more in Dharwad and Gadag districts as compared to Belagavi and Haveri. Along with H. imbricans another eight species of scale insects were recorded on mango during survey period. Further, H. imbricans was recorded on five new host plants other than mango. Natural enemies like, Mallada desjardinsi (Navas), Chilocorous nigritus (Fabricius), Eublemma amabilis (Moore) and an unidentified lepidopteran caterpillar were recorded on H.imbricans. The freshly laid egg of H.imbricans was light pink in colour and oval shaped. The incubation period ranged from 30 to 36 days. First instar, second, third and fourth nymphal instars varied from 28 to 32, 36 to 42, 38 to 45 days and 43 to 48 days respectively. In male an extra life stage was noticed as prepuapal stage. The prepupal period varied from 8 to 11 days. Irrespective of the instars buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml/l, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2 ml/l, acephate 75 SP @ 1 g/l, lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.5 ml/l, profenophos 50 EC @ 2 ml/l, and dichlorvos 76 EC @ 1 ml/l were most effective in managing H. imbricans under both laboratory and field conditions. However, the first instar (crawlers) was most susceptible to all the insecticide treatments both under laboratory and field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF Escherichia coii BIOFILM VACCINE IN POULTRY BROILER PARENTS(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2006) PRAKASHPoultry farming in India especially broiler chicken production has made a phenomenal growth over the past two decades and it is an important agri-based GNP contributor to the Indian economy. Modernization of poultry entrepreneurship with the main aim of cost benefit ratio has invariably increased â stressâ on birds, which predisposes them for infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF BIOPRIMING FOR ENHANCING SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN SORGHUM VARIETIES (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(2023-12-28) PRAKASH; (PRASHANT S. M.)The field and laboratory experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari and Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during rabi 2019-20. The first experiment was laid down in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications to standardize the hydro-priming duration where the seeds were soaked at different durations from 0 to 24 h with 4 h interval for three varieties viz., SPV-2217, GS-23 and M 35-1. The results recorded significantly highest germination (89.55, 86.71 and 91.33 %, ), shoot length (17.10, 14.66 and 17.60 cm), root length (18.31, 14.02 and 19.03 cm), seedling length (35.41, 28.69 and 36.63 cm), seedling dry weight (302.66, 239.14 and 349.00 mg) and seedling vigour index I (3174, 2500 and 3346) and seedling vigour index II (27205, 20883 and 31890) for seeds soaked in 12 h (T3) duration in variety GS-23 (V2) and in combination of seeds soaked in 12 h in cv. GS-23 (T3V2). The second experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed bio priming on plant growth, yield and quality attributes in sorghum varieties. In the present study, the experiment consists of nine priming treatments viz., Hydro priming, Azospirillum brasilense (20 %), Pseudomonas fluorescence (20 %), Phosphobacteria (20 %), Trichoderma harzianum (1 %), Beejamrutha (50 %), Vermiwash (2 %), Vihaan (5 %) , Waste decomposer (20 %) with three cultivars viz., SPV-2217, GS-23 and M 35-1. Significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS (68.13, 60.56 and 70.30 cm), 60 DAS (202.83, 191.05 and 209.50 cm), 90 DAS (249.50, 244.64 and 253.70 cm) and at harvest (253.00, 246.81 and 257.00 cm), panicle length (20.28, 19.05 and 23.15 cm), panicle weight ( 35.36, 29.42 and 37.30 g), test weight (31.89, 32.97 and 34.30 g), seed yield (2318.82, 2116.41 and 2540.53 kg ha-1), fodder yield (8673.77, 7523.37 and 9243.56 kg ha-1) and BC ratio (1.84, 1.67 and 2.01) were recorded in seed priming with Pseudomonas fluorescence (20 %) (T2), cv. GS-23 (V2) and in combination of seed priming with Pseudomonas fluorescence (20 %) in cv. GS-23 (T2V2). Similarly, the seed quality parameters viz., germination (91.44, 89.37 and 93.33 %), shoot length (19.33, 17.71 and 20.20 cm), root length (17.59, 15.80 and 18.70 cm), seedling length (36.92, 33.52 and 38.90 cm), seedling dry weight (307.33, 282.55 and 347.00 mg), seedling vigour index I (3379, 3005 and 3631) and seedling vigour index II (28174, 25390 and 32381) recorded significantly higher in seed priming with Pseudomonas fluorescence (20 %) (T2), cv. GS-23 (V2) and in combination of seed priming with Pseudomonas fluorescence (20 %) in cv. GS-23 (T2V2) respectively.ThesisItem Open Access ThesisItem Open Access INTERVARIETAL HYBRIDIZATION AND INDUCED AUTOTETRAPLOIDY IN Coleus forskohlii Briq.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 1993) PRAKASH; KRISHNAN, RABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF CEREAL AND PULSE CROPS UNDER Grewia optiva DRUMMOND. BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN MID-HILL REGION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-22) PRAKASH; K S PantThe present study entitled “Performance of Cereal and Pulse Crops under Grewia optiva Drummond. based Agroforestry Systems in Mid-hill Region of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the years 2021-2023 at experimental farm Majhgoan, Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial design with eight organic and inorganic manure treatments (T1: RDF (Recommended dose of Fertilizer), T2: FYM (100% N equivalent basis), T3: Vermicompost (100% N equivalent basis), T4: Goat manure (100% N equivalent basis), T5: 50% RDF + 50% FYM,T6: 50% RDF + 50% VC,T7: 50% RDF + 50% GM, T8: Control) and two planting conditions (S1: under Grewia optiva Drummond. based agroforestry system and S2: open conditions) with three replications to evaluate the effects of planting conditions and integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of field crops (wheat, lentil and maize, mash) along with physical and chemical properties of soil and economics of the systems. The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of cereals and pulses were better in the sole cropping system as compared to the tree canopy of Grewia optiva Drummond. Among various nutrient sources, T5 (50 % RDF + 50 % FYM) exhibited the best results for growth and yield attributes than the control (T8). All the physical as well as chemical properties of soil after harvest of field crops improved under Grewia optiva based agroforestry system along with the application of 100 % FYM (T2). Agroforestry system comprising Grewia optiva + wheat + mash proved to be the best system in term of gross returns (Rs.220897.72ha-1), net returns Rs. 85769.76ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.70) as compared to the agroforestry system comprises Grewia optiva + maize + lentil. Higher land equivalent ratio was observed in pulses + Grewia optiva as compared to cereals + Grewia optiva, which signifies the profitability of pulses over cereals Among all combinations studied, mash + Grewia optiva proved to be the best agroforestry system, from both ecological and economical point of view. However, combined application of organic and inorganic manures increased the yield as well as improved the soil properties together with mounted benefit cost ratio; offer an excellent opportunity to the farmers for better soil health and monetary benefits.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION STRATEGIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF CHOKLA SHEEP(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bikaner-334001, 2016) PRAKASH; Prof. S.B.S. YadavThe data for present investigation, were analyzed from records (1994-2011) of Chokla sheep research flock maintained at semi-arid region campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI), Avikanagar, Rajasthan. The overall least-squares means were observed to be 2.79 ± 0.015, 12.68 ± 0.119, 19.02± 0 .0152, 20.91 ± 0 .194 and 23.89 ± 0.199 kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. The overall least-squares means were observed to be 109.97 ± 1.242, 70.67± 1.082 and 29.66± .879 g/day at 0-3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age, respectively. The overall least-squares means for greasy fleece weight of clip I was estimated as 0.915 ± 0 .017 kg. The sire effect was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits .The sex effect of lamb was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth but non-significant 12 months body weight, period effect was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits but non-significant on birth weight. The effect of dam’s age was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on birth weight, 3 months weight, ADG3 and clip I and non- significant effect for 6, 9, 12 months body weights, ADG1 and ADG2. The effect of season of birth was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits but non- significant effect for 12 months body weights. The effect of dam’s weight as a covariate was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on birth, 3, 6, 9 months body weights and ADG1 and significant (P≤ 0.05) on12 months body weights and non- significant for ADG2 and ADG3. The effect of sire, period of birth, sex, season of birth and dam’s age was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for clip I. The effect of age of shearing as a covariate was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for clip I. The heritability estimates from WOMBAT (animal model 1) method for body weights, average daily gains and greasy fleece weight at clip I were low to medium. Estimates of genetic correlations between body weights with weights at subsequent ages were positive and ranged from 0.065 to 0.885, and average daily gains during different phase ranged from 0.088 to 0.322.Estimates for phenotypic correlations between body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.255 to 0.818, and average daily gains during different phase ranged from -0.22 to 0.141. Among 59 selection indices constructed by incorporating body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, clip I in different combinations, the index I58 (0.0008 BWT + 0.0033 3WT + 0.2348 9WT +0.2257 12WT + 0.1803 CLIP I) was considered most useful for its reliability (rIH = 0.4181) and genetic gain (∆H = 2.3295). Among two stage selection indices, index MSI32 {(first stage = 1.1758 BWT + 0.1631 3WT + 0.0248 6WT) + (second stage= 0.8553 BWT + 0.4194 3WT - 0.7113 6WT + 0.7143 9WT + 0.1859 12 WT)} found more efficient (∆H = 2.5313) than others. Though the multistage selection resulted in slower gain but reduced the cost of selection.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION STRATEGIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF CHOKLA SHEEP(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2016) PRAKASH; Prof. S.B.S. YadavThe data for present investigation, were analyzed from records (1994-2011) of Chokla sheep research flock maintained at semi-arid region campus of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI), Avikanagar, Rajasthan. The overall least-squares means were observed to be 2.79 ± 0.015, 12.68 ± 0.119, 19.02± 0 .0152, 20.91 ± 0 .194 and 23.89 ± 0.199 kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. The overall least-squares means were observed to be 109.97 ± 1.242, 70.67± 1.082 and 29.66± .879 g/day at 0-3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age, respectively. The overall least-squares means for greasy fleece weight of clip I was estimated as 0.915 ± 0 .017 kg. The sire effect was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits .The sex effect of lamb was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth but non-significant 12 months body weight, period effect was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits but non-significant on birth weight. The effect of dam’s age was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on birth weight, 3 months weight, ADG3 and clip I and non- significant effect for 6, 9, 12 months body weights, ADG1 and ADG2. The effect of season of birth was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on all growth traits but non- significant effect for 12 months body weights. The effect of dam’s weight as a covariate was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) on birth, 3, 6, 9 months body weights and ADG1 and significant (P≤ 0.05) on12 months body weights and non- significant for ADG2 and ADG3. The effect of sire, period of birth, sex, season of birth and dam’s age was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for clip I. The effect of age of shearing as a covariate was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) for clip I. The heritability estimates from WOMBAT (animal model 1) method for body weights, average daily gains and greasy fleece weight at clip I were low to medium. Estimates of genetic correlations between body weights with weights at subsequent ages were positive and ranged from 0.065 to 0.885, and average daily gains during different phase ranged from 0.088 to 0.322.Estimates for phenotypic correlations between body weights with weights at subsequent ages ranged from 0.255 to 0.818, and average daily gains during different phase ranged from -0.22 to 0.141. Among 59 selection indices constructed by incorporating body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, clip I in different combinations, the index I58 (0.0008 BWT + 0.0033 3WT + 0.2348 9WT +0.2257 12WT + 0.1803 CLIP I) was considered most useful for its reliability (rIH = 0.4181) and genetic gain (∆H = 2.3295). Among two stage selection indices, index MSI32 {(first stage = 1.1758 BWT + 0.1631 3WT + 0.0248 6WT) + (second stage= 0.8553 BWT + 0.4194 3WT - 0.7113 6WT + 0.7143 9WT + 0.1859 12 WT)} found more efficient (∆H = 2.5313) than others. Though the multistage selection resulted in slower gain but reduced the cost of selection.ThesisItem Open Access Socio-Economic perspective of paddy cultivation under leased-in land in Tungabhadra Project Area(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR, 2011-06-30) PRAKASH; SURESH.S.PATIL, C.R.KONDA, S.SIDDAYYAThe present study related to the input use pattern, production pattern, capital formation and socio-economic characteristics of owner and leased-in farmers under paddy cultivation in Tungabhadra Project Area. Data collected was analysed and interpreted using tabular presentation, Fisher’s t-test and Cobb-Douglas production function. Likert scaling technique was also used to study the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of leased-in land. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in input use, production pattern between owner cultivated land and leased-in land. But, total cost of cultivation ( Rs.28832.29/acre) and net returns (Rs.5735.70/acre) of leased-in farmers were significantly differ than total cost of cultivation (Rs.18319.07/acre) and net returns (Rs.15579.50/acre) of owner farmers resulting in higher gross return (1.85) per rupee of cost in owner cultivated land as against leased-in land (1.19). The production estimates revealed that MVP to MFC ratio were greater than one for all inputs in both owner cultivated land and leased-in land except plant protection chemicals, human labour and machine labour. The results on capital formation revealed that there was significant difference in the investment on land improvement, farm buildings and domestic house and investment on livestock between owner cultivated land and leased-in land. Results also revealed that after leasing-in land, there was improvement in socio-economic conditions of leased-in farmers. The results of Likert scaling technique revealed that uncultivated land of large land lord can be put in to cultivation, lessee bears entire risk, it creates employment to rural youth and untimely termination of lease agreement were major strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of leased-in land respectively. The study suggested to strengthen system of educating farmers about judicious use of resources in both owner cultivated land and leased-in land and there is need to lease out land to lessee who takes up land improvement activity. Major AdvisorThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL WILT (Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith) IN A SET OF F1S AND GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF YIELD IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 1990) PRAKASH; SHIVASHANKAR, K TABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE