Browsing by Author "PANDURANGA RAO, A."
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ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA IN GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH(Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 1996) VASUDEVA RAO, B.; PANDURANGA RAO, A.The study was designed to find out the impact of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh by measuring the socio-economic characters, additional employment and attitude about JRY of the beneficiaries. A total of 100 respondents were selected from four villages according to probability proportional to size (PPS). Data was collected by interviewing the reSpondents. Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to know the impact of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana on employment, considering income as the dependent variable and the explanatory variables included were employment days created, family size and holding size of the respondents. Conventional statistical tools were also used for the estimation of data. It was found out from the studyfhargajority of the beneficiaries were of middle aged, illiterates mostly belonging to service castes and low economic status. Majority of beneficiaries were aware about different items executed under JRY in the district. Majority of the beneficiaries were having favourable attitude towards the programme. Less wages, short duration of employment provision were the main problems expressed by them. Majority suggested that wage rates should be increased, more works for more employment and wages should be apid both in cash and grain form. It is hoped that the JRY implementing authorities in their endeavour to strive for greater accomplishment in providing employment to the rural poor.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN KRISHNA DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH(Professor Jayashankar Telanagana State Agricultural University, 1998) PANDURANGA RAO, A.; SESHADRI VISRUNKALA, K.ndia, like many developing countries has been adoptingrural development programmes through various public policies, since independence. Inspite of many developmental programmes adopted, poverty is persistingly rampant. Integrated Rural Development Programme, a late comer in the series, could stand successfully almost two decades since iuSconception, in I978. Studies on IRDP from different regions of the country helped for better implementation from time to time and a tiny attempt was made in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh in the present study, with the following objectives: Objectives 1. To assess the impact of IRDP in terms of economic changes related to productive assets, income generation and employment opportunities.2. To ascertain the pattern of benefits received by the IRDP beneficiaries.3. To study the repayment pattern of beneficiaries.4. To study the opinion of beneficiaries and views of agencies involved in planning and implementation of the programme. (h METHODOLOGY Multi—stage random sampling technique was adopted. Atfirst stage, the district, then the mandals viz., Vuyyur,Thotlavallur and Machilipatnam and at third stage, two villages from each mandal and finally 12 beneficiaries from each village for the selected activities viz., milch animal, power sprayer, oil engine, were randomly selected yielding a sample size of 72. The data was collected by interviewing the beneficiaries with the help of pre—tested schedules which pertained to bOth pre-IRDP (1994—95) and post IRDP (1997—98) periods. The data was analysed with the help of following statistical tools: 1. Tabular analysis 2. Paired t—test and 3. Kruskal Wallis—H test Main findings of the study Increase in productive assets was found to be maximumfor milch animal activity (27.35%) and minimum for power sprayer (3.01%) in Vuyyur mandal. In Thotlavallur, increase in productive assets was the highest for oil engine (39.81%) activity and power sprayer contributed the least (1.18%). While in Machilipatnam mandal, milch animal contributed the highest (3.84%) and oil engine contributed the least (1.18%). Thus, differential impact of schemes on productive assetformation was observed mainly due to variation in cropping pattern and agro—climatic features. The highest additional income was obtained due to oilengine in all the three mandals with 25.70% in Vuyyur, 26.72%in Thotlavallur and 38.84% in Machilipatnam mandals whilepower sprayer contributed the least to the incremental income with 8.63% in Vuyyur, 6.09% in Thotlavallur and 9.06% in Machilipatnam. Contribution by milch animal was in between. It can be pointed out that, return from oil engine wasmore than power sprayer or milch animal. Oil engine activity contributed the highest (18.7%) foremployment generation and power sprayer (14.35%) contributed the least in Vuyyur mandal while power sprayer created the highest employment (13.96%) in Thotlavallur mandal and milch animal the least (6.70%). In Machilipatnam, oil engine contributed the highest (11.94%) and milch animal the least (10%). Thus differential impact was observed mainly due to variation in cropping pattern. In pattern of benefits received by the beneficiaries dueto IRDP was the highest for oil engine in all the categorieswith Rs.6000 as subsidy for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe when compared to weaker sections (Rs.4000) and others (Rs.3250). Benefits like insurance coverage for milch animal was not known to the beneficiaries and in most of the cases insurance was not recovered. Defaulters per cent was high (41.6%) against regulars(37.5%) in Vuyyur mandal, while in Thotlavallur mandal,regulars (62.5%) were high over defaulters (16.4%). In Machilipatnam, defaulters were high (45.8%). This was due -to co—operative society financing in Thotlavallur‘ where a sale—officer~ has the right to recover forcefully from the defaulters, unlike commercial banks. About 59.72% beneficiaries felt that VDOs were notregular in their visits. 61.1% were unaware of the benefitsfrom the programme and 45.8% failed to differentiate IRDP from other schemes. VDOs revealed that their work was influenced by local politicians and this resulted to select atleast 10% of undeserved. Bank officials stressed the need for loan recovery» through sale officer as followed by co—operative society. Officials expressed that the major set—back was lack of co—operation between the implementing agencies. On the whole, the Integrated Rural Development Programmein the study: area was found to be helpful to the beneficiaries.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN PADDY BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NELLORE DISTRICT OF A.P.(Professor Jayashankar Telanagana State Agricultural University, 1996) THULASAMMA, L.; PANDURANGA RAO, A.The present study entitled "Economics of nutrient management in paddy based cropping systems in Nellore district of A.P." was under taken with the objectives of studying cdmparitive economics of cropping systems, nutrients and other resource productivity, their use— efficiency and constraints and prospects of using organic manuring techniques in paddy based cropping systems. The investigation was carried out in Nellore district. A sample of 90 farmers were selected from the four selected villages by following three stage random sampling technique. Two distinct cropping systems were identified in the study area viz., (i) Paddy-Pulse-PaddyThesisItem Open Access UTILISATION AND OVERDUES PATTERN OF CO-OPERATIVE SHOT—TERM FINANCE IN VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH.(Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 1995) THRIMURTULU, M.; PANDURANGA RAO, A.Financing agriculture through Co-operative came into existence as early' as in 1904. Among the three types of credit (ST, MT and LT) being provided by the Co—operatives, production credit is the most important one which provides the required working capital as per technical scales of finance. As Visakhapatnanx district was one of the major diS« trict, among North coastal districts for disbursing larger amounts of production credit. It was purposively selected for the present investigation. A two stage stratified random sampling design was used for the selection of three PACS and 90 sample cultivators borrowers. The selection of the socie— ties was purposive and the selection of the respondents from the societies at random. The study was related to the Co— operative year 1994—95. The proportion of borrowers who diverted the loan amount increased with the increase in the farm size. Higher proportions of production credit was productively utilized and was positively related with farm size. Medium and large farmers used the diverted amount for non—agricultural pur‘ poses while small farmers diverted the amount towards COD" sumption purpose. The borrowers from each of the size groups were random~ ly selected at 5 per cent probability proportional to the member (39 small + 29 mediwn + 25 Large). The borrowers were grouped into non—defaulters (28) and defaulters (62). Further the defaulters were classified into ordinary de» faulters (39) and chronic defaulters (23) based on period of default and were again distinguished into non—wilful (39) and wilful (23) defaulters as per the nature of default. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the per percentage of irrigated area to total area and quantum of loan borrowed from society, amount of loan taken from other sources found to be significantly influencing amount Of overdues. Amount of overdues were directly related with loan taken from society. and inversely related with percentage of irrigated area among ordinary and chronic defaulters. The amount of overdues per hectare among ordinary defaulters wasmore in small and medium farmers where as the amount of overdues per hectare among chronic defaulters was. more in large farmers. Scales of finance fixed by DCTC were out of date and were inadequate to the working capital needs of the borrow— ers The ratio of kind and cash components of the sugarcane and paddy crop loan were not only disproportionate but also inadequate. The cost of the Co—operative credit (ST) was very high as equal to interest charged by money lenders in village level. Adequacy and timeliness of the credit were considered to be more Important problems than cost of the credit in acquiring the Co—operative production credit, Quality of the 'kind component of loan was very' poor while its cost was high. Poor yields and net income were the most important reasons for non-repayment of loans. The proportion of wilful defaulters was more among medium and large farmers, while that of non—wilful defaulters were greater in case of small farmers.The proportion of chronic and ordinary defaulters was higher in small and medium farmers as compared to large farmers.