Browsing by Author "Nilanjaya"
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ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION FOR GRAIN ZINC CONCENTRATION OF RICE GENOTYPES(RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) RS, ASWATHY NAIR; NilanjayaThe present investigation was undertaken with thirty five rice genotype which were presumed to be biofortified to study the variability and genetic parameter in addition to character association, path effects for yield and quality parameter, genetic divergence study among the genotypes and to evaluate genetic diversity in grain Zinc content using microsatellite spanning primers in the representative population. This study involved ten quantitative characters viz. Plant height, Panicle length, Days to 50% flowering, Days to physiological maturity, No: of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, No: of grains per panicle, Zinc content in rice grains, Grain yield per plant. The results have revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for Grains per panicle, high heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean for traits like plant height, Days to 50% flowering, Days to physiological maturity, No. of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility,1000 grain weight, No. of grains per panicle, zinc content in rice grains, grain yield per plant. The results of character association revealed that No. of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, No. of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight were positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant. So indirect selection of these trait would be fruitful. Path coefficient analysis showed that traits like No. of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, No. of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and zinc content in rice grains exhibited positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating the effectiveness of these traits in improvement of grain yield per plant towards development of high yielding genotypes with good nutritional quality. The current study assess genetic diversity and to determine the Zn value by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Zinco rice and R-RGY-MH-113 had highest zinc value of respectively. Based on the tocher method shown that the total genotypes are clustered into nine clusters in which cluster IV had the maximum genotypes followed by cluster I and cluster II. The inter cluster distance, the maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VIII and cluster IX followed by cluster V and cluster IX. Therefore, it was concluded that diverged genotypes from these groups can be utilized as better parents for future breeding programmes. Thirteen microsatellite spanning primers were used for the amplification. Except OsYSL6K all the other primers resulted in successful amplification. A total of 49 allelic variants were amplified using the above mentioned primers in which four primer viz. OsZIP7K, OsYSL2K, OsNRAMP7K and OsNACK amplified a single unique allele each and the primer OsZIP5K produced two unique alleles, typically 4.08 alleles per locus, with a range of 1to 6 alleles per primer. The examined rice genotypes are clustered into four broad clusters with a clear differentiation of genotypes into low, moderate and high concentration of grain zinc in them.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization Of Cytoplasmic Influence In Hybrid Rice(Rajendra Agricultural University;Samastipur, 2005) Nilanjaya; Rajendra PrasadThesisItem Open Access Characterization of rice varieties using phenotypic descriptors and genomic markers(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), 2019) Chhaya, Ruchika; NilanjayaThe present investigation was carried out at Mysore plot of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during Kharif 2018 using twenty two rice varieties in Randomized Block Design with three replications to characterize them using phenotypic descriptors and genomic markers. The observations were recorded on thirty four qualitative traits and fifteen putative traits that included morphological traits viz., days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, stem length excluding panicle, stem thickness, panicle length of main axis, panicle number per plant, length of leaf blade, width of leaf blade, 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, decorticated grain length, decorticated grain width, root volume and grain yield per plant. The different statistical parameters used for interpretation of data were Analysis of variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of variance, Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation coefficient analysis, Path coefficient analysis and Genetic diversity to study nature and magnitude of variability and diversity. Characterization was also done on the molecular level using fifteen SSR markers for all the twenty two rice entries. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the accessions for all the characters. Environmental influence was meagre on expression of these characters as it was evident by narrow gap between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. The genotypes exhibited high variability for the characters days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, stem length, length of leaf blade, 1000 grain weight and root volume. Length of leaf blade and decorticated grain width depicted very high GCV and PCV, indicating the importance of these traits in evaluation for selecting the genotypes. In present set of materials high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, length of leaf blade, 1000 grain weight, grain length, grain width, decorticated grain length, decorticated grain width and grain yield per plant indicating preponderance of additive gene effect, which will facilitate selection in early segregating generation. Stem thickness, width of leaf blade, 1000 grain weight, grain width, decorticated grain width and root volume showed significant positive correlation with yield and have positive direct effect at phenotypic level indicating the importance of these characters for further yield improvement. Path analysis revealed traits like days to maturity and decorticated grain length had positive direct effect as well indirect effect on grain yield at genotypic level and at phenotypic level. Twenty two genotypes of Rice were grouped into 5 clusters using Tocher‟s clustering method. Cluster I had 18 genotypes, cluster II, III, IV and V each had one genotype i.e. monogenotypic. Highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster V. The maximum contribution in the manifestation of genetic divergence was exhibited by length of leaf blade. Based on the results of all major parameters including morphological indices under present investigation, genotypes Dular and Rajendra Saraswati appeared to be outstanding performers. Observations taken for 34 qualitative traits among twenty two varieties indicated that eighteen traits (coleoptiles color, culm attitude, anthocyanin color of keel, stem anthocyanin colouration of internodes, panicle colour of awns (late observation), distribution of awns, sterile lemma colour, panicle excertion, leaf auricles, leaf anthocyanin color of auricles, leaf collar, leaf ligule, decorticated grain color, leaf shape of ligule, decorticated grain aroma, leaf collar color, stem anthocyanin coloration of nodes, presence of secondary branching in panicles) did not show any variation. Remaining characters shows significant variations. Amplification reaction was performed with fifteen microsatellite based SSR primers targeting the chromosomes of the rice genome. Amplification was successfully achieved with all the primer pairs. A total of 92 shared and 48 unique allelic variants were generated by using the fifteen primer pairs. The number of shared alleles per locus ranged from four in case of RM 319 and MRG 2805 HAU 2805 to eleven in case of RM 5791. Similarly, the number of unique alleles per locus ranged from one in case of RM 319 and MRG 2894 IRRI 2894 to ten in the case of RM 521. The cluster analysis based on similarity index of simple matching grouped the studied rice genotypes into six clusters, and no geographical isolation was observed.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Aerobic Rice.(Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Chandra, Khushboo; NilanjayaA study was conducted on 25 rice genotypes at Rain out Shelter (aerobic condition) and Rice Breeding section (normal condition), RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during kharif 14 for “COMPARATIVE ASSESSSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN AEROBIC RICE” and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications based on variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence for 15 morpho-physiological characters. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation among all the 25 genotypes of rice for all the 15 characters under aerobic and normal condition. The characters, namely 1000 grain weight, relative water content, maximum root length, flag leaf area, peroxidise activity in leaves and grain yield per plot had showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean under aerobic and normal conditions. Correlation studies indicated that at genotypic and phenotypic level for plant height, panicle length, spikelet per panicle, tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight, relative water content, maximum root length, flag leaf area, harvest index under aerobic condition, whereas, under normal condition, days to physiological maturity showed positive and significant association with grain yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that traits like days to fifty percent flowering, no. of spikelet per panicle, no. of tillers per plant and maximum root length had positive direct effect whereas, harvest index had both direct and indirect effect on grain yield per plot at genotypic level and at phenotypic level traits like days to fifty percent flowering had positive direct effect and days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length,1000 grain weight, relative water content, proline accumulation in leaves, peroxidase activity, no. of tillers per plant and maximum root length had positive indirect effect. No. of tillers per plant and 1000 grain weight had both direct and indirect effect on grain yield per plot at genotypic level and at phenotypic level traits like proline accumulation in leaves had positive direct effect but days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length,1000 grain weight, relative water content, peroxidase activity, no. of tillers per plant, maximum root length, no. of spikelet per panicle, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content had positive indirect effect on grain yield per plot under normal condition. On basis of inter cluster distances, cluster mean and mean performance, genotypes viz., RAU1417-2-1-5-7-7 and Vandana (Check) from cluster I &RAU1417-2-1-5-7-7 from cluster VI selected for earliness were identified as promising parents for their further utilization in hybridization programme under aerobic and normal condition. Under aerobic condition, the genotypes viz., RAU1417-2-1-5-7-7 exhibited superiority for proline accumulation in leaves. The genotypes viz., RAU1397-18-3-7-9-4-7from cluster III were selected for traits like panicle length, spikelets per panicle, tillers per plant, RWC in flag leaf, maximum root length, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content and grain yield per plot in normal condition.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity analysis of Early maturing rice genotypes under drought condition(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2018) Kumari, Chanda; NilanjayaPresent study was carried out under rain out shelter at Rice Research farm of Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar using twenty five early maturing rice genotypes including the check Rajendra Bhagwati. The experimental materials were directly sown in completely Randomized Block Design with two replications to evaluate their genetic diversity under well aerated, non-puddled aerobic soil (without standing water) condition. The observations were recorded on fourteen putative traits viz. Days to flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height, Panicle length, spikelet fertility, Number of Tillers per plant, Spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, Relative water content in flag leaf, Recovery percent after stress, Chlorophyll content, Canopy temperature Harvest index and Grain yield per plant. The different statistical parameters used for interpretation of data were Analysis of variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation Coefficient analysis, Path Coefficient analysis and genetic diversity to study nature and magnitude of variability. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all the fourteen characters. From the variability studies, high estimates of GCV and PCV were observed for traits like number of Panicle length, No of Tillers per plant and Recovery percent after stress under stress at tillering stage and Panicle length, No of Tillers per plant and Flag leaf area under stress at flowering stage indicating their importance in selection for yield improvement under the stress condition at tillering and flowering stages. In present set of materials high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of Number of Tillers per plant, Recovery percent after stress, Harvest index and Grain yield per plant under both the stress conditions at tillering and flowering stages indicating preponderance of additive gene effect, which will help to make selection in early segregating generation. Panicle length, Spikelet fertility and Number of Tillers per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with Grain yield per plant under stress at tillering stage while under stress at flowering stage Panicle length, Spikelet fertility, Number of Tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight and Recovery percent after stress was found to have significant and positive correlation with the Grain yield per plant. The above mentioned characters exhibited positive and significant correlation with grain yield due to high direct effect. The 25 Rice genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters using Ward’s clustering method under both the stress conditions at tillering and flowering stages. Under stress condition at tillering stage the cluster I and I consists of 8 genotypes and was the largest cluster followed by cluster V consisting of 6 genotypes and under stress condition at flowering stage cluster I and cluster V consisting of 7 genotypes was the largest cluster followed by cluster III consisting of 4 genotypes. Highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VI and cluster III and cluster VI and IV under stress at tillering and flowering stages respectively. Therefore, genotypes from these clusters can be used in future rice combination breeding programme to get wide array of recombinants. Cluster III and cluster VI exhibited higher mean performance for maximum characters under both the stress conditions. Therefore selection of parents from this cluster for these traits would be effective. Grain yield per plant, Harvest index and Recovery percent after stress were major characters contributing towards genetic divergence under both the stress conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity study of Cowpea genotypes for fodder traits(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kumari Pragati; NilanjayaThe present research programme entitled “Diversity Study of Cowpea Genotypes for Fodder Traits’’ was conducted with 23 cowpea genotypes collected from various places across the country in the research farm of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa during the kharif season of 2019. The material was assessed using RBD (randomized block design) in 3 replications. Fifteen traits were selected for present study viz. number of days to 50% flowering, height of the plant (cm), no. of leaves/ plant, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), stem thickness (cm), leaf-stem ratio, dry matter %, leaf fresh weight/ plant, dry weight of stem/ plant (kg/plant), production efficiency (q/ha/day), relative water content, seed yield/ plant (gm), dry matter yield (kg/plant), green fodder yield /plant (kg/plant). ANOVA exhibited significant MSS values due to genotype for all traits, indicative of the presence of ample amount of variability in the cowpea genotypes used for the study. The PCV values recorded were superior than the GCV values which was attributed for the effect of environment on the morphological appearance of the traits. In the study, high heritability alongside high genetic advance was observed for most of the traits, Foresaid estimate for the traits taken into study indicates the meagre influence of environment in governing respective phenotypes, paving the way for direct selection for early maturing genotypes. The correlation analysis revealed that the trait green fodder yield was correlated positively as well as significantly with traits viz. Days to 50% flowering, Plant height, Number of leaves/ plant, Stem thickness, Leaf : stem ratio, and Production efficiency. Path analysis divulged that a high positive direct effect on green fodder yield was reported by the traits leaf : stem ratio followed by leaf width (cm), days to 50% flowering, dry matter yield (kg/plant). While, the high negative direct effect was recorded for leaf fresh weight/ plant (gm) followed by stem thickness (cm), seed yield/ plant (gm), and dry weight of stem (kg/plant). The residual effect in path analysis (genotypic) was 0.2127, so the 79% of the total variation in GFY can be explained by the fifteen characters taken for study. Based on diversity using Tocher’s method, the 23 genotypes were divided into 6 clusters. Among all the characters studied, Leaf :stem ratio contributed maximum to the diversity followed by the Leaf fresh weight/ plant, dry weight of stem/ plant, number of leaves / plant, production efficiency, seed yield/ plant, stem thickness, dry matter %, dry matter yield, green fodder yield and plant height. The inter-cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra-cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. The intra cluster distances were recorded only in the clusters I and cluster II, as the clusters in III, IV, V and VI were composed of only one genotypes each.ThesisItem Open Access Photo-thermal response of Rice Genotypes under Direct Seeded condition(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumari, Preeti; NilanjayaThe present study was carried out at Rice Research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during Kharif2017 using thirty two rice genotypes including the check, Rajendra Bhagwati in Randomized Block Design with three replications to evaluate their Photo-thermal response under direct seeded condition. The observations were recorded on seventeen putative traits that included both morphological traits and agro-meteorological indices viz., days to fifty per cent flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, growing degree days, photo-thermal unit, helio-thermal unit, photo-thermal index, heat use efficiency, relative temperature depression, critical temperature for reproductive stage, relative water content and grain yield per plant. The different statistical parameters used for interpretationof data were Analysis of variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of variance, Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation coefficient analysis, Path coefficient analysis and Genetic diversity to study nature and magnitude of variability and diversity. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among thirty two genotypes of rice for all the seventeen characters from the variability studies.High estimates of PCV were observed for traits number of panicles per plant and number of tillers per plant whereas moderate GCV and PCV were recorded for days to fifty per cent flowering, 1000-grain weight, heat use efficiency, relative water content and grain yield per plant. In present set of materials high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for days to fifty per cent flowering, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, heat use efficiency, relative water content and grain yield per plant indicating preponderance of additive gene effect, which will facilitate selection in early segregating generation. Traits like Plant height, panicle length, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility, heat use efficiency and relative water content showed significant positive correlation with yield and have positive direct effect at phenotypic level indicating the importance of these characters for further yield improvement. Path analysis revealed traits likedays to fifty per cent flowering, growing degree days, photo-thermal unit, heat use efficiency and critical temperature at reproductive stage had positive direct effect as well indirect effect on grain yield at genotypic level and at phenotypic level. Days to physiological maturity, growing degree days, heat use efficiency and number of tillers per plant had positive direct effect and growing degree days and heat use efficiency had positive indirect effect on grain yield at phenotypic level. Thirty two genotypes of Rice were grouped into 7 clusters using Tocher’s clustering method. Cluster I had 9 genotypes, cluster II and IV each had one genotype i.e.monogenotypic, cluster III included 4 genotypes, cluster V with11 genotypes was the largest while cluster VI and VII had 3 genotypes.Highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and cluster VI followed by between cluster VI and cluster VII. Highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster VII followed by cluster VI. Cluster VII showed higher mean performance for most of the yield attributing characters therefore, selection of parents from this cluster would be effective. Spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, relative water content, heat use efficiency and days to fifty per cent flowering were major characters contributing towards genetic divergence.This shows that variability in the genotypes is only due to these characters which will offer a good scope for improvement of yield through rational selection of parental genotypes. Based on the results of all major parameters including agro-meteorological indices under present investigation, genotypes Rajendra Nilam and Vandana appeared to be outstanding performers.