Browsing by Author "Murugan, M.S."
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ArticleItem Open Access Anthrax: A Re-Emerging Livestock Disease(2015) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Pothiappan, P.; TANUVASAnthrax is a contagious and highly fatal zoonotic bacterial disease affecting primarily herbivores. Mortality can be very high, especially in herbivores. The disease has world-wide distribution and is a zoonosis. The etiological agent is the endospore-forming, Gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped Bacillus anthracis. Central to the persistence of anthrax in an area is the ability of B. anthracis to form long-lasting, highly resistant spores. Understanding the ecology of anthrax spores is essential if one hopes to control epidemics. Studies on the ecology of anthrax spores have found a correlation between the disease and specific soil factors, such as alkaline pH, high moisture, and high organic content. The repeated anthrax outbreak in livestock and subsequent infection to human has been considered as a nationwide alarming issue. Outbreaks of anthrax have diverse consequences on society. Establishing the appropriate control strategies is very important and crucial in reducing the socio-economic impact of the disease. Control measures are aimed at breaking the cycle of infection, and their implementation must be adhered to rigorously. It can be used as a biological weapon and has been classified as a Category ‘A’ bio threat by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This review describes this important disease covering its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention and control strategies to be adopted to combat this globally important pathogen.ArticleItem Open Access Antibiogram and Therapeutic Management of Bacterial Otitis Externa - A Clinical Study of 81 Dogs(Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 2016) Murugan, M.S.; Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeshwar, J. Johnson; TANUVASThe present investigation was carried out in 81 clinical cases of otitis externa in dogs presented with symptoms of erythema of pinna, head shaking, ear scratching, mild pain and mild yellowish discharge. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs and confirmed by cultural and biochemical tests. Bacteria isolated from ear swab samples were Staphylococcus sp. (48.6%), Pseudomonas sp. (21.5%), Proteus sp. (14.95%), E.coli (8.41%) and Klebseilla sp. (6.54%).ArticleItem Open Access Dermatophytosis in pets: An overview(2014-09) Parthiban, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Kumar, V.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Detection Of Avibacterium Paragallinarum in Commercial Poultry And Their Antibiogram(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2013-09) Durairajan, R.; Sharma, Mandeep; Murugan, M.S.; TANUVASThe present studies were carried out with an attempt to isolate A. paragallinarum from the cases of Infectious Coryza. Suspected poultry farms around the Palampur were involved in this study. The isolates were characterized biochemically and compared with the already confirmed strains of the organism procured from elsewhere. Out of 146 samples, 6 were confirmed presence of the organism biochemically and the suitable drugs were identified to control the disease at farm level. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were the most effective drugs against the pathogen A. paragallinarum, whereas, amoxycillin was found to be moderately effective. Further, all isolates were confirmed by HP-2 PCR primers.ArticleItem Open Access Management of Dystocia due to Hydrocephalus Fetus in a Cow(INTAS Polivet, 2014) Murugan, M.S.; Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASA Holstein Friesian cow was presented with history of labour since 12 hours with foetal fore limbs protruding out of vulva. Vaginal examination revealed foetus in anterior longitudinal presentation with fore limbs protruding from vulva. Palpation of foetal head revealed fluctuating swelling in occipital region. The foetus was delivered with careful traction and had swelling in occipital region with excessive accumulation of watery fluid confirming hydrocephalus. An uneventful recovery was observed following relieving of dystocia and treatment.ArticleItem Open Access Nanoparticles and its Toxic Effects: A Review(Int. J. Curr. Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2013) Agarwal, Megha; Murugan, M.S.; Sharma, Anupama; Rai, Rinita; Kamboj, Aman; Sharma, Heena; K. Roy, Sanjeev; TANUVASNanotechnology research is producing remarkable advances for detecting, treating, and preventing health problems. However, while nanoparticles can lead to breakthrough applications, they may also cause hazardous side effects. It has been shown that nanomaterials can enter the human body through several ports. Nanoparticles such as TiO2, copper nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles etc are found to exert deleterious effects on human beings, acquatic organisms as well as plant life. Health effects of nanoparticles are attracting considerable and increasing concern of the public and government worldwide. So far, most of the nanotoxicity research focused on respiratory tract exposures for assessing the health effects of nanoparticles. Other exposure routes, e.g., gastrointestinal tract also need to be considered as potential portals of entry. Most nano-sized spherical solid materials are found to enter the lungs easily via inhalation and reach the alveoli. In general the intestinal uptake of particles is better understood and studied in more detail than pulmonary and skin uptake. However, the body distribution of particles is strongly dependent on their surface characteristics.ArticleItem Open Access An overview of Coliform Mastitis in Dairy Cattle(2016-09) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF PHAGE LYTIC TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM MASTITIS, SEWAGE WATER AND FARM YARD SLURRY OF LIVESTOCK(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2015-05) Durairajan, R.; Murugan, M.S.; Kanagarajdurai, K.; TANUVASThe study was performed to isolate and characterize the lytic phage Staphylococcus aureus, from the farm yard resource of Cattle, Buffaloe and Poultry in all 50 samples were obtained and 2 phages were recovered.ArticleItem Open Access Review on Emerging and Reemerging Microbial Causes in Bovine Abortion(2015-04) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Pothiappan, P.; TANUVASThis review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clinical presentation, create complete lists of differential diagnoses, obtain appropriate diagnostic samples, maximize diagnostic laboratory support, and avoid zoonotic infections resulting from reproductive pathogens of animals. Thefoundation of an accurate diagnosis of reproductive loss due to infectious pathogens facilitates the prudent use of immunization andbiosecurity to minimize reproductive losses.OtherItem Open Access A Study on Bacterial and Fungal Load in Commercial Layer Feed in Thalaivasal Area of Salem District(TANUVAS, 2013-08) Ravikumar, R.; Murugan, M.S.ArticleItem Open Access Surgical Management of Umbilical Hernia in a Crossbred calf(Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 2017-07) Murugan, M.S.; Thangaraj, P.; Vetrivel, K.; TANUVASA crossbred calf was presented with history of swelling at ventral abdomen since birth with gradual increase in size and anorexia since last two days. Physical examination revealed reducible swelling at umbilical region and diagnosed as umbilical hernia. Umbilical hernia was surgically corrected by open method of herniorrhaphy by applying horizontal interrupted mattress sutures. Animal recovered uneventfully without any complications.ArticleItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Colibacillosis in Broiler chicks(Intas Polivet, 2015-07) Parthiban, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Malmurugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASAn investigation study was undertaken to identify the etiology associated with mortality of 300 chicks.Postmortem examination of dead birds showed fibrinous hepatitis, pericarditis and air saculitis as a constant finding. Samples collected from necropsied chicks were subjected to bacteriological isolation studies and confirmed as E.coli by detailed cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. The isolated strains of E.coli were analyzed to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and found sensitive to Tetracycline and Gentamicin. The chicks were treated with Tetracycline hydrochloride and liver boosters resulting in successful recovery.ArticleItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Concurrent Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Mannheimia haemolytica in Caprines(INTAS Polivet, 2015-07) Parthiban, S.; Thangathurai, R.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) are a highly contagious and economically important viral disease affecting goats, sheep and wild ruminants. Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic pathogen and it is a normal inhabitant of nasopharynx and tonsils of ruminants under stressful conditions the organism causes pneumonic pasteurellosis. An investigation was carried out to find out mortality among 24 out of 404 Tellicherry goats in an organized farm. Necropsy of dead animals revealed prominent epicardial petichiae, tracheal rings showed severe congestion and copious frothy fluid, edematous lung with severe consolidation and emphysematous. Intestinal mucosa appeared severely haemorrhagic and congested. Samples such as heart blood swab, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs, lung and spleen were collected from dead animals and samples such as serum, whole blood, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs were collected from 8 ailing animals for diagnosis. PPR viral antigens were detected by counter immune electrophoresis test and microbial culture of swabs revealed colonies of Mannheimia haemolytica. The isolates were confirmed as Mannheimia haemolytica organisms by cultural, morphological and biochemical test. 52 affected goats were treated with Inj. Enrofloxacin @ 1ml/20 kg. b.wt IM, Inj. Meloxicam @ 2 ml/33kg b.wt IM and Vitamins for 5 days. 47 animals recovered completely within five days of therapy and 5 animals with severe respiratory stress, enteritis and anorexia were died in the course of therapy.ArticleItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Concurrent Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Mannheimia haemolytica in Caprines(Intas Polivet, 2015-07) Parthiban, S.; Thangathurai, R.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) are a highly contagious and economically important viral disease affecting goats, sheep and wild ruminants. Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic pathogen and it is a normal inhabitant of nasopharynx and tonsils of ruminants under stressful conditions the organism causes pneumonic pasteurellosis. An investigation was carried out to find out mortality among 24 out of 404 Tellicherry goats in an organized farm. Necropsy of dead animals revealed prominent epicardial petichiae, tracheal rings showed severe congestion and copious frothy fluid, edematous lung with severe consolidation and emphysematous. Intestinal mucosa appeared severely haemorrhagic and congested. Samples such as heart blood swab, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs, lung and spleen were collected from dead animals and samples such as serum, whole blood, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs were collected from 8 ailing animals for diagnosis. PPR viral antigens were detected by counter immune electrophoresis test and microbial culture of swabs revealed colonies of Mannheimia haemolytica. The isolates were confirmed as Mannheimia haemolytica organisms by cultural, morphological and biochemical test. 52 affected goats were treated with Inj. Enrofloxacin @ 1ml/20 kg b. wt IM, Inj. Meloxicam @ 2 ml/33 kg b. wt IM and Vitamins for 5 days. 47 animals recovered completely within five days of therapy and 5 animals with severe respiratory stress, enteritis and anorexia were died in the course of therapy.Book chapterItem Open Access ஆடுகளில் ஆட்டுக்கொள்ளை நோய் நச்சுயுரி மற்றும் மேன்ஹீமியா ஹீமோலைட்டிகா நுண்ணுயிரி இணைந்து ஏற்படுத்திய நோய் கிளர்ச்சி : ஓர் கள ஆய்வு(Veelan ariviyal tamil iyakkam, Newdelhi, 2015) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. JohnsonArticleItem Open Access இறைச்சிக்காகத் தீவிர முறையில் செம்மறிக் கிடாக்குட்டிகள் வளர்ப்பு(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2021-12) Murugan, M.S.; Palanisamy, V.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access கோழியினங்களில் நாள்பட்ட சுவாசநோயும் தடுப்பு முறைகளும்(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2021-02) Murugan, M.S.; Palanisamy, V.; TANUVASமைக்கோப்பிளாசமா நுண்ணுயிரியால் நோயை (சுவாசக்கோளாறுகள்) உண்டாக்கும் நிலையோடு மட்டுமின்றி, முட்டை உற்பத்தி மற்றும் பொரிக்கும் திறன் குறைதல், தீவன மாற்றுத் திறன் குறைதல், ஒழுங்கற்ற முறையில் உடல் எடை அதிகரிப்பு மற்றும் இறைச்சிக்காகப் பயன்படுத்தும்போது தரக்கட்டுப்பாடு குறைந்து விடுதல் போன்ற இடையூறுகளால் மறைமுகமாகக் கோழிப் பண்ணையாளர்களுக்குக் குறிப்பிடும் அளவில் பொருளாதார இழப்பினை ஏற்படுத்தும் மிக முக்கிய நோயாகத் தற்போதுள்ள சூழ்நிலையில் மாறி இருக்கிறது.Book chapterItem Open Access சால்மோனெல்லா பாக்டீரியா இனங்களுக்கு எதிராக பூண்டுச்சாற்றின் ஓர் ஆய்வக சோதனை(Veelan ariviyal tamil iyakkam, Newdelhi, 2015) Murugan, M.S.; Tamilarasan, A.