Browsing by Author "Meena, Manisha"
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ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY, VARIETAL SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT OF Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) ON STORED SORGHUM(AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY DEPT., N.M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI, 2013-09) Meena, Manisha; RADADIA, G.G.Investigations were carried out at Department of Agricultural Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari during 2012-13 on “biology, screening of varieties of sorghum for their susceptibility and evaluation of botanical powders as grain protectants against Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in stored sorghum”. The freshly laid eggs were white, translucent, typically round at one end and pointed at another end and turn into light red colour which was indication of advancing incubation period. The average length and breadth of eggs were measured 0.39 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. The hatching percentage was recorded as 80.28 ± 6.64 per cent. The average incubation period was recorded 7.17 ± 1.04 days on sorghum (variety GJ-42). The newly hatched larva was white in colour with brownish head. The average total larval and pupal period was recorded as 35.29 ± 2.06 days. Average total developmental period for male and female was 42.64 ± 1.90 and 42.42 ± 1.92 days, respectively. The average length and breadth of male measured 2.35 ± 0.08 and 0.79 ± 0.05 while it was 2.53 ± 0.24 and 0.80 ± 0.05 mm, respectively for female. Thus female was slightly longer than male. The sex ratio of male to female was observed 1: 1.31 under laboratory condition. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post- oviposition periods were recorded 6.33 ± 1.11, 36.38 ± 2.30 and 7.67 ± 1.02 days, respectively. Average fecundity of R. dominica was found 244.38 ± 16.84 eggs per female under laboratory condition. The average longevity of male was 47.89 ± 2.23 and it was 50.38 ± 1.95 days for female. The female lived longer than male. The lesser grain borer, R. dominica completed eight overlapping generations in a year on sorghum grains (variety GJ- 42) at Navsari. The temperature and relative humidity increased, the developmental period of R. dominica was significantly decreased and vice-versa. Eight varieties of sorghum were tested for their resistance and susceptibility to R. dominica under laboratory condition. None of the variety observed to be completely immune against attack of R. dominica. Based on different biological parameters the varieties GJ-35, GJ-36 and CSV 21 F proved as tolerant against R. dominica. The varieties GJ-42 and GSF-5 considered as more susceptible based on developmental preference, survival percentage, oviposition period, fecundity, susceptibility index and growth index. Based on per cent adult mortality of R. dominica, black pepper seed powder 0.5 per cent was found effective at different storage periods of sorghum and recorded 29.75 per cent overall mean mortality of adults. The treatments red chilli fruit powder and neem seed kernel powder both at 5.0 per cent were next equally effective treatments. Neem leaf powder, turmeric rhizome powder and tulsi leaf powder were poor in their efficacy against R. dominica. On the basis of eggs laying, adult emergence, per cent reduction in progeny, percentage seed damage and weight loss, neem seed kernel powder 5.0 per cent was proved effective treatment for protecting the sorghum grains against the infestation of R. dominica. The next effective treatment was black pepper seed powder 0.5 per cent, while neem leaf powder, turmeric rhizome powder and tulsi leaf powder were poor in checking R. dominica population in stored sorghum. The effect of various botanical powders on germination of sorghum was evaluated under laboratory condition at 60 days after treatment and it is concluded that neem leaf powder, tulsi leaf powder, turmeric rhizome powder and control (untreated) maintained more than 80 per cent germination. Red chilli fruit powder, black pepper seed powder and neem seed kernel powder were adversely affected the germination of stored sorghum grain.ThesisItem Restricted Characterization of Fusarium species associated with pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane(Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Meena, Manisha; AnuradhaSugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) is an important cash crop of India. Among the various fungal diseases, pokkah boeng caused by Fusarium spp. has emerged as an important disease in this crop. As the occurrence of this disease has been reported from Punjab till date the cultural, morphological and molecular aspects of this disease are not studied. Keeping in view, the present research was carried to characterize the Fusarium spp. associated with pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane. Survey was conducted in the sugarcane growing command area of sugar mills (nine co-operative and seven private) of Punjab during the year 2021-22. The maximum average incidence of pokkah boeng was reported on commercially grown variety Co 0238 (17.70 %) which depicted that the said variety is highly susceptible for pokkah boeng disease. Thirty isolates of Fusarium were obtained after isolation and purification from diseased samples collected during the survey. On the basis of pathogenicity tests, all the test isolates of Fusarium found to be virulent by producing necrotic lesion in detached leaf assay and typical symptoms of pokkah boeng in syringe method. Among all the isolates, Fs23 and Fs25 were highly pathogenic. The isolates showed significant variations on basis of their cultural and morphological characteristics and were categorized into various groups. Molecular study of isolates revealed that isolates Fs7, Fs20, Fs27, Fs29 showed 100 per cent similarity with the ITS, RPB2 and TEF-1α gene sequences of F. sacchari available in GenBank whereas isolates Fs13 and Fs17 showed 99 per cent similarity with F. proliferatum. Hence, the two species of Fusarium namely F. sacchari and F. proliferatum were identified as causal pathogens associated with pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane in Punjab. Genetic diversity estimate by seven ISSR primers showed high degree of polymorphism. Two isolates Fs16 (Jalandhar) and Fs18 (SBS Nagar) were found to be highly diverse among all test isolates. Sugarcane clones along with commercially released varieties were screened against pokkah boeng to identify the resistance sources in which 23, 18 and four clones/varieties showed resistant, moderately resistant and moderately susceptible disease reaction, respectively.