Browsing by Author "Maletha, Deeksha"

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus in diabetic rats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-09-01) Maletha, Deeksha; Singh, S. P.
    This study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus following administration of its hydroethanolic seed and leaf extracts @ 250 mg/kg b wt for 30 days in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds (AHSE) and leaves (AHLE) revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, reducing sugars, glycosides, saponins, tannins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. Upon quantitative phytochemical analysis, AHLE showed the presence of higher phenol and flavonoid content as compared to AHSE. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity assessed in terms of % inhibition of DPPH and ABTS free radical and total antioxidant capacity revealed the presence of higher antioxidant potential in AHLE as compared to AHSE. The yeast α-glucosidase and porcine α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay revealed concentration dependent percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by AHSE and AHLE, respectively, with AHLE causing greater inhibition than AHSE, suggesting presence of high antidiabetic potential in AHLE. For evaluation of antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 30 male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 gm b wt were randomly and equally divided into five groups. Group I served as control. Diabetes was induced in group II to V by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (prepared in citrate buffer, pH 4.5) @ 50 mg/kg b wt in rats. After 72 hrs, the rats exhibiting blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were considered diabetic and given treatment as per the experimental design for 30 days. Group I served as normal control group. Group II represented diabetic control group, group III rats received glibenclamide @ 1mg/kg b wt, group IV and V received AHSE and AHLE @ 250 mg/kg b wt for 30 days, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight, Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and lymphocytes, alongwith the presence of apparent clinical signs such as polydipsia, polyuria were observed in group II rats throughout the experiment. The treatment with AHSE and AHLE significantly prevented the weight loss in group IV and V, respectively with loss of signs and symptoms associated with diabetes in a time dependent manner. The untreated diabetic control group II showed elevated fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb and impaired glucose tolerance, which were ameliorated and reduced following administration with AHLE and AHSE, with higher amelioration by AHLE, suggesting their antidiabetic activity. In group II rats, a significant (P<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, ALP and a significant decrease in total protein and albumin, HDL-cholesterol was observed in group II, which were reduced after treatment with AHSE and AHLE. The administration of AHSE and AHLE was found effective in reducing hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and tissues, as it reduced lipid peroxidation and raised the level of antioxidant enzymes including reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, which is suggestive of their antioxidant activity. Streptozotocin administration significantly (P<0.05) affected the reproductive parameters, as it reduced the total sperm count, motility, viability and raised abnormal sperm per cent, which upon treatment with AHSE and AHLE in groups IV and V were significantly improved, with AHLE providing better protective action at par with glibenclamide against reproductive dysfunctioning. The histopathological and electron microscopic examination of tissues revealed the presence of structural disintegration along with severe pathological lesions in tissues of liver, kidney, pancreas, testes and heart, in diabetic control group II which were of mild to moderate degree in AHSE and AHLE treated groups, indicating the ameliorative effect of AHSE and AHLE against streptozotocin induced cellular damage. Thus, it is evident from this study that the streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats produced haemotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, dyslipidemia and reproductive dysfunctioning which were ameliorated following Amaranthus hypochondriacus seed and leaf extracts administration, with leaf extract providing greater ameliorative action than seed extract, indicating antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus. (S
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of protective efficacy of Cichorium intybus leaf powder in Imidacloprid intoxicated WLH cockerels
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-09) Maletha, Deeksha; Singh, S.P.
    This study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of Cichorium intybus leaf powder (CILP) following its administration @ 5000 ppm in feed alone and simultaneously with imidacloprid (IM) @ 100 ppm in feed for 8 weeks in WLH cockerels by determining hematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Hydroethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Cichorium intybus was prepared for phytochemical analysis and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, reducing sugar, glycosides, proteins, fixed oils and fats, respectively. In vitro antioxidant evaluation by DPPH and ABTS assay showed that the hydroethanolic extract caused maximum inhibition of DPPH and ABTS and exhibited minimum IC50 in comparison to other extracts. For evaluation of protective efficacy of Cichorium intybus leaf powder (CILP) in imidacloprid (IM) intoxicated WLH cockerels, thirty male white leghorn chicks weighing 300-350 gm of 6-8 weeks of age were divided equally and randomly into five groups viz. I, II, III, IV and V. Group I served as control. Other groups were fed medicated ration containing CILP @ 5000 ppm in group II, IM @ 100 ppm in group III, IM @ 100 ppm plus SM @ 100 ppm in group IV and IM @ 100 ppm plus CILP @ 5000 ppm in group V, respectively, for 8 weeks in WLH cockerels. Hematobiochemical parameters were recorded at 4 and 8 weeks intervals and antioxidant parameters after 8 weeks, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) decline in body weight was recorded in imidacloprid treated cockerels in group III as compared to control group I, whereas CILP treatment alone and in combination with imidacloprid in groups II and V showed a significant(P<0.05) increase in body weight. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb, TEC, TLC was observed in imidacloprid treated group III in comparison to control group I and the simultaneous administration of CILP in imidacloprid intoxicated cockerels in group V significantly improved the Hb, TEC and TLC levels. A significant (P<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, CK-MB, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and a significant (P<0.05) decline in HDL-cholesterol were observed in cockerels of imidacloprid treated group III. A significant (P<0.05) decline in value of these parameters was observed in simultaneously fed CILP groups V. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in CK-MB, BUN, triglycerides levels and a significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL-cholesterol level were observed in CILP group II as compared to control group I. A significant (P<0.05) decline in total serum protein, albumin, and globulin was seen in imidacloprid treated cockerels of group III as compared to control group I, whereas the simultaneous administration of CILP in imidacloprid intoxicated cockerels in group V showed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in values of these parameters and the values were at par with that of group IV and group I. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in group II as compared to control. A significant (P<0.05) decline in catalase, GSH and SOD and an increase in LPO in RBCs was observed in group III which, however, returned to normalcy following simultaneous administration of CILP in group V after 8 weeks, whereas the administration of CILP alone in group II significantly elevated the catalase, GSH and SOD activity as compared to control group I. A significant increase (P<0.05) in LPO, whereas a significant (P<0.05) decline in catalase and SOD levels in liver, kidney, testes, brain, spleen and heart were observed in group III intoxicated with imidacloprid whereas no significant difference was observed in group I and II, however, the simultaneous administration of CILP in group V modulated these parameters and restored them towards normalcy after 8 weeks in experimental WLH cockerels. It is concluded from this study that the extract of CILP exhibited the antioxidant property. Administration of imidacloprid @ 100 ppm in feed for 8 weeks produced haemotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic effects and oxidative stress, which were ameliorated following simultaneous administration of Cichorium intybus leaf powder (CILP) @ 5000 ppm for 8 weeks in white leghorn cockerels. CILP alone also improved general health following 8 weeks feeding trial in WLH cockerels.