Browsing by Author "Madhanmohan, M"
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ArticleItem Open Access COMMERCIAL VETERINARY VACCINES(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Madhanmohan, M; TANUVASThe term “vaccine” was first coined by Edward Jenner to describe the inoculation of humans with the cowpox virus to confer protection against the related human smallpox virus. Veterinary vaccines comprise only approximately 23% of the global market for animal health products. Apart from improving animal health and productivity, veterinary vaccines have a significant impact on public health through reductions in the use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones and their residues in the human food chain. Vaccines may be used to prevent clinical signs of disease after infection or to help control, eliminate, or even eradicate an infection at the population level. The single factor that determines the success of an experimental vaccine is its successful commercialization and/or use in the field.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative seroconversion of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in goats(Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2003) Madhanmohan, M; KAU; Tresamol, P VThe comparative seroconversions of two different foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in goats were studied. Group I animals were vaccinated with inactivated quadrivalent aluminium hydroxide gel saponin adjuvanted FMD vaccine. Group 11 animals were vaccinated with inactivated quadrivalent FMD oil-adjuvant vaccine as per the manufacture's schedule. Vaccinations were done in unvaccinated goats above four month of age. The antibody titre against foot and mouth disease virus types 0, A, C and Asia-I were assessed by liquid phase blocking ELISA. Group I animals showed the protective titre of type ° antibody titres throughout the period except sixth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth month. Group 11 animals showed the protective level throughout the study period except seventh, eighth and ninth month. Both the groups showed the protective titre of type A, C and Asia-I antibody titres throughout the study period up to 12 months. All the vaccination including primary and booster vaccinations produce increase in antibody titre. Both the groups did not show any significant variation in antibody titres against FMDV type 0, A, C and Asia-I except the time of booster vaccination. Kids born from both the ~roups showed the protective level of type ° maternal antibody only upto one week of age where as protective level for type A and C maternal antibodies upto four weeks of age. Group I kids maintained the protective level of type Asia-I upto two weeks of age where as Group 11 maintained upto three weeks of age. From this observation it is concluded that 1. Both the group of vaccine provides sufficient protective titre for FMDV type 0, A, C and Asia-l . 2. Aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine performance is equally good as that of oil adjuvanted vaccine. 3. Oil-adjuvanted vaccine reduces labour cost for injection, number of visit and stress to the animals to a very ?reat extent. Therefore oil-adjuvanted vaccine may be preferred when compared to gel vaccine. 4. The maternal antibody protect the kids which were born to vaccinated does one to four weeks of age, regardless of the adjuvant used in the vaccine.ArticleItem Open Access EVALUATION OF A NEW ‘ON FARM TEST’ FOR DETECTION OF BOVINE SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS(2021-04) Ramya, R; Madhanmohan, M; TANUVASDiagnosis of subclinical mastitis is problematic as the milk and udder appears normal but generally has an elevated somatic cell count. In the present study, a new ‘on farm test’ kit “TANUCHEK SCC kit” was evaluated to diagnose subclinical mastitis. Efficiency of this ‘on farm test’ kit was initially compared with California mastitis test (CMT). Further, the results of these indirect tests (TANUCHEK SCC kit and CMT) were compared with the direct test i.e. direct microscopic somatic cell count which was used as reference. Milk samples (n=610) were simultaneously subjected to direct microscopic somatic cell count, CMT and TANUCHEK SCC kit for the presence of subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 80.33%, 72.95% and 68.85% for the direct test, CMT and TANUCHEK SCC kit, respectively. Kappa statistics was used to compare the results. The TANUCHEK SCC kit had showed substantial agreement (k = 0.8612) and moderate agreement (k=0.5749) with CMT and the reference direct microscopic somatic cell count, respectively. Results of this study revealed that the TANUCHEK SCC kit can be a simple, easily adoptable, on farm screening test to diagnose SCM in field condition.ArticleItem Open Access Rabies Prophylactic Approaches(2018-03) Ramya, R; Madhanmohan, M; Nagarajan, T; TANUVASRabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance around the globe. It is caused by a bullet-shaped virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus of family Rhabdoviridae. India is one of the few rabies endemic countries that continue to face problems associated with large number of human deaths due to rabies. In the developed countries, human rabies has dramatically declined during the past 50 years as a direct consequence of routine vaccination of pet animals. However, wildlife rabies has emerged as a major threat. Therefore, rabies is preventable by controlling rabies in both wildlife and domestic animal populations. Vaccination remains the only viable alternative for prevention, control and eradication of rabies in both developed and developing countries. Since Louis Pasteur’s first attempt to produce rabies vaccines, a number of approaches have been evolved from the usage of nervous tissue vaccines to the novel recombinant vaccines. However, to date Rabies remains a global health threat despite it being a vaccine-preventable disease. This status clearly indicates a demand for more effective and economic rabies vaccines. The protein subunit based vaccines consisting the immunogenic components of a virus can be a methodology to produce the affordable, safe and immunogenic rabies vaccines without the necessity of handling live rabies virus.ArticleItem Open Access Surgical Management of Unusual Case of Vulval Fibroma in a Heifer(2020-01) Uma Rani, R; Madhanmohan, M; Pazhanivel, N; TANUVASA 2 years old, indigenous, heifer was brought with the history of having a growth in the vulva since three months. Under epidural nerve block anaesthesia, the growth was surgically removed. Grossly, the growth contained multiple variable sized firm to hard light pink round masses and it was confirmed as vulval fibroma on histopathological examination.ArticleItem Open Access Surgical Management of Unusual Case of Vulval Fibroma in a Heifer(2020-01) Uma Rani, R; Madhanmohan, M; Pazhanivel, N; TANUVASA 2 years old, indigenous, heifer was brought with the history of having a growth in the vulva since three months. Under epidural nerve block anaesthesia, the growth was surgically removed. Grossly, the growth contained multiple variable size firm to hard light pink round masses and it was confirmed as vulval fibroma on histopathological examination