Browsing by Author "MASTA, KIRAN"
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF FOLIAR NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM APPLICATIONS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIG (Ficus carica L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-10) MASTA, KIRAN; SHARMA, UDAYABSTRACT The present study entitled, “Effects of Foliar Nitrogen and Potassium Applications on Growth and Yield of Fig (Ficus carica L.)” was carried out in the model farm of Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during the years 2016-17 and 2017-18. Thirteen treatment combinations arranged in a randomized block design comprising two levels of nitrogen viz. N0.5 (0.5 per cent urea) and N1.0 (1.0 per cent urea); two levels of K i.e. K1 (1.0 per cent KNO3) and K2 (2.0 per cent KNO3) and two application times i.e. September and January, replicated thrice. The maximum leaf N was recorded under treatment T9 (2.71%), whereas, the highest leaf P (0.38%), leaf K (1.22%) and leaf Ca (4.64%) were recorded under treatment T13, comprising nitrogen application through urea spray @ 1.0 per cent and potassium through KNO3 @ 2.0 per cent twice during September and January. The maximum leaf micronutrient contents were also observed in the same treatment. Similarly, maximum annual shoot growth was under treatment T13 (29.72 cm), which also recorded maximum fruit set of 59.50 per cent, maximum fruit length of 26.60 mm, highest fruit yield (1 kg/tree) and minimum acidity values of 0.13 per cent in 2017 and 0.10 per cent in 2018. The relationships of leaf nutrient contents of N, P, K, Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn with fruiting and plant growth were found to be positive and significant. The correlation values for leaf K with annual shoot growth and fruit weight (0.64*), leaf Zn with annual shoot growth (r= 0.83**), leaf Cu with fruit acidity (r=0.69**), leaf iron with annual shoot growth (r= 0.58*) and acidity (r= 0.64*), while leaf Mn content with fruit weight (r=0.63*) and TSS (r= 0.60*) were obtained.ThesisItem Open Access FARMERS’ ATTITUDE AND EFFECT OF TRAINING DESIGN ON TRANSFER OF TRAINING(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-09) MASTA, KIRAN; JANJHUA, YASMINAbstract Farmers a major element, today is encountered with problems at both macro and micro level. The present study aimed to study farmers attitude towards trainings imparted for capacity building, examined effect of trainee characteristics, trainer characteristics and training design on transfer of training. The extent of transfer of training by the trainees was also studied and the constraints encountered by farmers in transfer of training were investigated. The study was conducted on farmers who had participated in training programmes conducted by Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The sample of the study comprised of 333 trainees who were selected using purposive random sampling technique. The results showed that majority trainee farmers had a positive and favourable attitude towards the training programmes being imparted to them. The findings revealed that trainee characteristics i.e. self-efficacy, motivation to learn, motivation to transfer and socio-demographic factors such as age and primary occupation, trainer characteristics and learning from training accounted for variances in transfer of training. The self-efficacy belief, motivation to learn and motivation to transfer were noted to be higher, behavioural change and learning were also reported by trainees. Poor finance, being oblivious of government schemes and support system and lack of inputs were found to be the top ranked constraints. The other constraints reported by farmers were lack of technology, inability to purchase, fear of failure as a result of adoption, credit unavailability, high cost of adoption and so on. The constraints reported by trainees hinder the transfer of training to great extent. Thus due attention to the concerned department’s is required in this direction.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.) CV. NEW CASTLE TO SYSTEMS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT(UHF,NAUNI, 2022-09) MASTA, KIRAN; SHARMA, UDAYABSTRACT The studies entitled “Response of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. New Castle to systems of nutrient management” were carried out at HR&TS and KVK, Kandaghat during 2020 and 2021, with the objectives to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management strategies on soil properties, leaf nutrient contents, plant growth and yield and ultimately on the economics of apricot production. Bearing apricot cv. New Castle bearing trees of age more than 20 years and planted at a distance of 5×5 m were subjected to different treatment combinations viz. Jeevamrit+Ghanjeevamrit @ 40 kg, 60 kg and 80 kg/bigha each, FYM+Jeevamrit+PGPR (RD of N through FYM), FYM + Biofertilizers + PGPR (R.D. of N through FYM), 80% RDF in combination with Jeevamrit, Ghanjeevamrit, Biofertilizers and PGPR and 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K (Recommended dose) taking one treatment as an absolute control. The soil pH and electrical conductivity did not vary significantly with the systems of nutrient management. The maximum values for organic carbon (22.75 and 20.40 g kg-1) were in FYM+ BF + PGPR (RD of N through FYM) followed by FYM+JA+PGPR (RD of N by FYM), JA+ GJA @ 80 kg/bigha each and 100% FYM+ RD of N, P and K. Available N of 529.60 kg ha-1 was found to be maximum in surface soils under 80% RD+PGPR followed by JA+GJA @ 80 kg/bigha each. Surface soil P was maximum (144.57 kg ha-1) in FYM+JA +PGPR (RD of N by FYM). Similarly, maximum available K in surface soils was recorded under 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K (771.27 kg ha-1) closely followed by 730.35 kg ha-1 in 80 % RD+JA. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphate-sulphur did not vary significantly. Maximum DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn as well as the microbiological parameters were reported under organically amended soils as well as soils receiving natural farming treatments like Jeevamrit and Ghanjeevamrit. The sub-surface (20-40 cm) soils also followed the similar trend although their contents were slightly lower than the surface depths. The maximum leaf N (3.15%), Ca (2.78%), Mg (0.74%), S (0.28%), Cu (14.45 ppm), Fe (198.31 ppm) and Mn (78.77 ppm) were found in 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K. The organically amended and naturally farming treatments were at par in case of many leaf nutrients. Similarly for fruit parameters the 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K gave maximum trunk girth (72.07 cm), annual shoot length (85.96 cm), tree height (5.08 m), tree spread (4.08 m), canopy volume (44.25 m3), leaf area (38.01 cm2), fruit weight (31.83 g), fruit volume (31.93 cc), fruit length (36.93 mm), fruit breadth (39.80 mm), TSS (16.24 ºB), fruit set (78.03 %) and also fruit yield (37.1 kg tree-1). Although the values for other systems of management were lower but in many treatments they were statistically at par making them equally viable. The maximum agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (215.19 kg kg-1), agronomic phosphorus use efficiency (922.89 kg kg-1) and agronomic potassium use efficiency (376.85 kg kg-1) were recorded in the treatment comprising of the application of Jeevamrit and Ghanjeevamrit @ 40 kg per bigha each. But the best economic option was 100 % FYM + RD of N, P and K with a ratio of 2.9:1 followed by 80 % RD + Ghanjeevamrit with B:C ratio of 2.4.