Browsing by Author "Kumar, Vishnu"
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ThesisItem Open Access Allele mining in DRB3.2 gene and its association with mastitis tolerance and susceptibility in crossbred cattle(IVRI, Izzat Nagar, 2011) Kumar, Vishnu; Das, DharmeswarThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability Analysis in Bread Wheat(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology: Udaipur, 2010) Kumar, Vishnu; Maloo, S.R.ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN BREAD WHEAT [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell](MPUAT, Udaipur, 2010) Kumar, Vishnu; Maloo, S. R.The present investigation entitled, “Combining ability analysis in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]” was undertaken by crossing ten diverse genotypes namely viz. Raj 1482, PBW 502, PBW 343, PBW 373, DBW 16, DBW 17, HD 2687, UP 2338, Raj 4083 and Raj 4037 in diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals). Genetic diversity analysis of these parental genotypes was also carried out using RAPD marker. The experimental material comprising 10 parents along with 45 F1s and 45 F2s was evaluated during winter season, 2008-09 in randomized block design with two replications at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, India. The analysis of variance for experimental design was performed for thirteen yield traits and grain protein content. Significant differences for all the characters indicated presence of adequate genetic variation among the genotypes. Further partitioning of mean squares due to F1s and F2s were significant for all the characters, except 1000-grain weight and harvest index in both generations. Mean squares due to parent v/s hybrid component were also significant for all the characters which depicted presence of heterosis for all the characters. Crosses viz. DBW 16 x UP 2338, DBW 17 x UP 2338, Raj 1482 x DBW 17, HD 2687 x UP 2338 and PBW 373 x HD 2687 exhibited high per se performance and heterosis for grain yield and its components and also displayed low magnitude of inbreeding depression. Similar performance was displayed by Raj 1482 x HD 2687, PBW 502 x PBW 343, Raj 1482 x DBW 16 and PBW 343 x Raj 4083 for grain protein content. Combining ability analysis was performed by employing method 2, Model I of Griffing (1956) the revealed that the mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant with preponderance of additive genetic effect for days to heading, plant height, effective tillers per plant, spike area, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, biomass per plant and grain yield per plant in both F1 and F2 generations. While critically analyzing the over all performance of 10 parents studied, DBW 16 appeared to be the most promising followed by UP 2338 for grain yield and its components, whereas Raj 4037 depicted its superiority for grain protein content. This might be due to the accumulation of favourable genes in these elite lines. Crosses DBW 16 x UP 2338 and DBW 17 x UP 2338 depicted high per se perfomance, heterosis and significant positive SCA effects in both the generations involving both the parents with high GCA effects for grain yield characters. While Raj 1482 x HD 2687 was superior for grain protein content only in F1. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was carried out for ten parental genotypes to assess genetic diversity using 16 primers. It showed 95 scorable fragments. Out of which 76 bands were polymorphic (80.00%) and gave 4.75 polymorphic bands per primer. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient displayed range of 0.17 to 0.62, and on this basis a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA method. Dendrogram differentiate 10 wheat genotypes in four main clusters. Therefore, the cross DBW 16 x UP 2338 turned out to be the most promising on the basis of its high per se performance, GCA effects, heterosis with significant SCA effects in both F1 and F2 generations for grain yield and its components. Further molecular analysis through RAPD revealed its parental genetic diversity having 82 per cent dissimilarity. The parent UP 2338 was grouped in I cluster while DBW 16 in II cluster thereby confirming that there was concurrence between the results obtained by RAPD and morphological markers along with their known pedigree. Therefore this cross can be gainfully utilized. On the basis of present investigations suggestions regarding breeding methodology for improvement in grain yield and grain protein content of bread wheat have been given.ThesisItem Open Access Diallel Analysis for Grain Yield and Fodder Quality Traits in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)(Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, UP-284003, 2021-08) Supriya, Patel; Kumar, VishnuThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Traits and Grain Yield of Diverse Accessions of Amaranthus Sp. In Bundelkhand Region(Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, UP-284003, 2020-08) Yadav, Supriya; Kumar, VishnuThesisItem Open Access Market Performance and Farmer’s Perception of National Fertilizer Limited in Katni District of Madhya Pradesh(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2020) Kumar, Vishnu; Shrivastava, AshutoshThesisItem Open Access Study on cloning of Starch Synthase III gene in wheat(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Kumar, Vishnu; Kumar, RajeevBread wheat is one of the primary sources of energy and proteins for millions of people world over. Starch is the most critical food energy source in the world and constitutes 65% to 80% proportion of the wheat grain weight. Starch synthase III is directly associated with starch accumulation in wheat. Hence, the present investigation entitled “Study on cloning of Starch Synthase III gene in wheat” was conducted to clone the full length of starch synthase III genes. The work includes detailed In-silico characterization of genome-specific TaSS-III genes in wheat, covering positions of exons, introns, location of the genes in chromosomes, phylogenetic analysis, protein’s domain analysis, and expression analysis under heat stress conditions. The genomic DNA of heat susceptible PBW-343 and tolerant KSG-1186 genotypes was used for PCR amplification of TaSS-IIIa1D gene using gene specific primers, and using pJET1.2/blunt cloning vector, and then sequenced to detect the SNPs. Two homologs of the TaSS-III genes, TaSS-IIIa and TaSS-IIIb, were found on the plus strand of chromosome 1 (1A, 1B & 1D) and minus strand of chromosome 2 (2A, 2B &2D), respectively. All homeologous copies of the gene contained 16 exons. Out of which, 3rd was the largest (1698-2757 bp) and 2nd the smallest (64 bp). Besides, 15 introns were identified in the gene. Among which 1, 5, and 8 were longer (391-2906 bp, 447-910 bp, and 591-899 bp), and 6, 13, 14, and 15 were shorter (75-114 bp, 83-99 bp, 87-90 bp, and 81-118 bp) in size. Exon 1 and 3 of the homologous and homeologous copies of the genes exhibited maximum variation. Introns were found relatively more variable than the exons. The average length of the total intronic region of the genes was estimated slightly longer than that of its coding sequence. TaSS-IIIa1B, TaSS-IIIa1D, and TaSS-IIIb2A contained 3 splice variants, TaSS-IIIb2B & TaSS-IIIb2D contained 2 splice variants and TaSS-IIIa1A contained only a single transcript. Phylogenetic analysis showed that copy of the gene present on the 1st chromosome (1A, 1B & 1D) share maximum similarity with HvSS-IIIa followed by BdSS-IIIa, OsSS-IIIa, SbSS-IIIa, and ZmSS-IIIa whereas, TaSS-IIIb exhibited maximum similarity with OsSS-IIIb followed by ZmSS-IIIb and SbSS-IIIb respectively. Maximum dissimilarity for SS-III genes was found between monocots and dicots. For both TaSS-III genes, the sequences found on A and D genomes were more similar than that of the gene on the B genome. Domain analysis revealed that the glycosyltransferase (GT) domain was most conserved among all the domains. Three SBDs were found in each of the homeologous copies of TaSS-IIIa & TaSS-IIIb protein, wherein the positions of tryptophan amino acids were found conserved. Expression analysis of both copies showed that TaSS-IIIb expresses in the tissues viz. leaf, stem, root, spike, & grain and in much higher amounts than TaSS-IIIa. Whereas, TaSSIIIa expression was highly specific to endosperm in the grain. The expression of the TaSS-III genes reduces due to heat stress. Sequencing of the products of direct PCR and indirect vector cloning showed that in-vitro amplification and in vivo amplification products have no variation. A total of 49 SNPs were identified in 10,529bp of the TSS-IIIa1D gene between the PBW-343 and KSG-1186 genotypes. Twenty-nine specific SNPs were identified in heat-sensitive genotype (PBW-343), and 20 specific SNPs were identified in the heat-tolerant genotype (KSG-1186). There were 14 intronic and 15 exonic SNPs contributing to 18 transitions and 9 transversions in the PWB-343 genotype, reflecting the transition bias. While in genotype KSG-1186, 9 transitions, 9 transversions, and two deletions are contributing to 6 intronic and 14 exonic SNPs showing no such bias. Maximum SNPs were detected in 3rd and 8th exons of PBW-343, whereas in genotype KSG-1186, only 3rd exon contained maximum SNPs. Exon 3 was found to be evolutionarily highly variable among all monocots and dicots taxa. Between PBW-343 and KSG-1186, 18 SNPs consisting of 11 transitions, and 7 transversions were found, reflecting the transition bias. Seven SNPs found associated with SBD-1, SBD-2 and SS-CD domains of the TaSS-IIIa1D protein. In SBD-1, one non-synonymous and one synonymous mutation were observed in both PBW-343 and KSG-1186; in SBD-2, one non-synonymous mutation was observed in KSG-1186 whereas, one non-synonymous and one synonymous mutation were observed in SSCD of PBW-343.