Browsing by Author "Kumar, Vinay"
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ThesisItem Open Access Development and Evaluation of a Single Row Manual Vegetable Transplanter(SKUAST-K, 2017) Kumar, Vinay; Dixit, JagvirPresent study was carried out during the year 2015-16 to design, develop and evaluate the single row manual vegetable transplanter on three different types of vegetable crops i.e., brinjal, chilli and tomato at two different sites and compare it with traditional method of transplanting. The manual single row vegetable transplanter consists of different component like hopper, handle, seedling delivery tube, jaw opening lever and jaw mouth. The implement penetrates into the soil by applying little force while holding with handle, seedling is dropped into seedling delivery tube then the jaw is opened with lever. The work demonstrates the application of engineering techniques to reduce the labour efforts and time required for transplanting. The results obtained from the trial tests concluded that transplanter functioned properly as there is no miss planting, also the rate of tilted planting is negligible. The cost of operation is comparatively less than traditional method of transplanting. From visual observation was seen that there was no damage to the seedling during operation. The transplanting mean effective field capacity observed from trial was 0.029 ha/h, mean field efficiency was 91.34% and mean labour requirement was 35.87 man-hr/hr. with single row manual vegetable transplanter. The transplanting mean effective field capacity observed from trial with traditional method was 0.014 ha/h, mean field efficiency was 90.64% and mean labour requirement was 75.85 man-hr/hr. The mean effective field capacity was 52.36 percent higher over traditional method of transplanting. Significantly lower labour was required with developed prototype over traditional method with an average saving of 52.83 percent of time and labour. The activity of work load was classified as moderate with maximum heart rate (112 beats/min) and energy expenditure (9.1 kj/min) with vegetable transplanter. The activity of work load was classified as heavy with maximum heart rate (125 beats/min) and energy expenditure (11.15 kj/min) with traditional method. Mean value of overall discomfort rating, musculo-skeletal problem, rating of perceived exertion were also very less in comparison with traditional method.ThesisItem Open Access Development and quality evaluation of chicken nuggets incorporated with green banana and soybean hull flours(GADVASU, Ludhiana, 2009) Kumar, Vinay; Biswas, A. K.The study was carried out to develop functional based â value addedâ chicken meat nuggets and to assess the storability during refrigeration storage (4±1°C) and on aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions. For this, green banana (GBF) and soybean hull (SHF) flours alone or in combinations at different levels were incorporated in chicken nuggets and they were evaluated for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality parameters. Results indicated that GBF, SHF and their 50:50 combinations at 4 % added levels significantly (P<0.05) improve emulsion stability, cooking yield and nutritive value (moisture, crude fiber and ash contents) than 3 or 5% added levels. Regards to sensory attributes, products were as good as control. Instrumental colour and textural value were higher for SHF treated nuggets followed by GBF and 50:50 combinations of these flour at 4% added level. Nuggets with 4.0 % added level of GBF was most acceptable as compared to 4% SHF or their 50: 50 combinations as it showed significantly (P<0.05) lower standard plate count (SPC) but comparable psychrotrophic count, TBARS value, FFA, and sensory attributes during refrigerated storage on aerobic packaging. On vacuum packaging of same product the effect was distinctive as evidenced by significant (Pâ ¤0.05) decline of pH, TBARS value, FFA content and SPC, and comparable sensory attributes during refrigerated storage. Products stored at 4±1°C and on aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions were well acceptable up to 20th and 36th days, respectively. Finally it may be concluded that vacuum packaging double the storage life of the developed chicken meat nuggets.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Inorganic and Organic additives on spawn production of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica).(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2020) Kumar, Vinay; Singh, Dr. GopalMilky mushroom (Calocybe indica) is one of the most important edible mushroom grown in India commonly called as “Kuduk” or “Dudhi chhata”. It was first reported from India by Purkayastha and Chandra in 1974. Two strains of Calocybe indica viz., CI-17-04 and CI-17-08 were observed for variability in terms of cultural characters, morphological characters, effect of inorganic and organic additives on spawn growth and yield performance. Fluffy growth was observed as colony appearance in both strains. The colour of colony was Milky white in CI-17-04, while in strain CI-17-08 the colour of colony was white. The average pileus breadth, stipe length and pileus weight was observed high in strain CI-17-04 5.70 cm, 8.66 cm & 25.00 g/FB. In case of spawn growth, maximum growth of both strains at different inorganic supplements was found in ferrous sulphate @ 0.50% (90.00 cm) in spawn bottle. While full growth of both strains at different organic additives was found in Rice powder @ 1% (90.00 mm) in spawn bottle. Maximum yield was recorded from CI-17-04 strain with different Organic additives casing materials (730.00 g/kg of dry substrate with 73.00% B.E.). While maximum yield (680.00 g/kg of dry substrate with 68.00% B.E) with different Inorganic and Organic additives was recorded from CI-17-04 strain.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2011) Kumar, Vinay; Shukla, Neeraj; Kumar, Vijay; Srivastava, L,K.; Saxena, R.R.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and integrated management of Banded leaf & sheath blight of maize caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. Sasakii (Kuhn.) Exner(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1996) Kumar, Vinay; Jha, M.M.ThesisItem Open Access Estimation of Capital and Credit Requirements of Mixed Farms in Hisar District(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univesity, Hisar, 1983) Kumar, Vinay; Paracer, R D.Crop husbandry in general is subject to relatively high level of risk and uncertainty and provides almost seasonal and uncertain income to the farmers. The development of system capable of stabilizing farm income has been a problem faced by the farmers. This may be one of the reasons for slow adoption of improved farming techniques and agricultural practices by the cultivators. If these income fluctuations were fairly well spread over time so that poor and good harvests would tend to alternate, the economic problems of income stabilizing would be greatly solved. But it is not so. Yearly fluctuations in income are unfortunately irregular and most uncertain. It is, therefore, desirable that farmers incorporate such enterprises in their farm organisations which provide them with assured and evenly distributed throughout the year. Dairy enterprise is one of such enterprises that can help the Farmers in stabilizing and evenly distributing their incomes bthroughout the year. "With the availability of Murrah buffaloes and high yielding cross bred cows, milk production has increased considerably. Besides, dairy enterprise can also help in providing better nutrition for people, creating additional income and employment opportunities in rural areas.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of crop establishment methods and different weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of direct seeded rice. (Oryza sativa L).(Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2013) Kumar, Vinay; Roy, D. K.A field experiment was undertaken during kharif season of the year 2012 at the Research Farm of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar to study the “Influence of crop establishment methods and different weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was conducted in strip plot design having three rice establishment methods (broadcasting sprouted seed on puddled bed, dry seeding in rows 20 cm apart and drum seeding of sprouted seeds on puddled bed) in main plots and eight weed management practices (W1- pre-emergence butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha, W2- W1+ post-emergence bispyribac @ 25 g/ha, W3- pre-emergence pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg/ha, W4-W3 + post-emergence bispyribac @ 25g/ha, W5 pre-emergence pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha, W6 - W5 + post-emergence bispyribac @ 25 g/ha ,W7 - two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS and ,W8 - weedy check) in sub plots, replicated thrice with Prabhat as the test variety. Wet seeding exhibited better expression in respect of growth and yield attributes than the dry seeding and between the two wet seeded treatments, the technique of drum seeding established its superiority over broadcasting. The better performance in terms of growth and yield attributes were also further reflected correspondingly in grain and straw yields. The harvest index however did not show significant variation due to establishment methods. All the weed management practices either herbicidal or manual had profound effect on growth and yield attributes as well as the ultimate yield as reflected in their superiority over the weedy check. Amongst the three pre-emergence applications of herbicides, pretilachlor was superior to pendimethalin, which in turn performed better than butachlor. However, when these three pre-emergence applications were supplemented with post-emergence application of bispyribac, pendimethalin followed by bispyribac recorded top spot in almost all the growth and yield characters and also in the yields of grain and straw. It had also an edge over two hand weedings. However, the three pre and post-emergence herbicidal combinations (W2, W4 and W6) and the treatment of two hand weedings did not differ significantly in these respects. The results pertaining to weed population, weed dry weight and nutrient uptake by weeds and crop separately were a close reflection of growth and yield pattern whereas in drum seeding of sprouted seed scored over the other two crop establishment methods and the pre and post-emergence applications of pendimethalin + bispyribac established its superiority over the rest of the treatments. Weed control efficiency of pendimethalin + bispyribac (71.67%) was superior over two hand weedings (65.67%), pretilachlor + bispyribac (65.06%) and butachlor + bispyribac (57.61%). Protein content in grain was similar in all the treatments except the weedy check in which it was significantly lower. The most glaring part of the results rested in its economic studies, where in all the herbicidal treatments either pre-emergence applications or combination of pre and post emergence applications fetched higher net return and scored better B:C ratio than the two hand weedings. Pretilachlor + bispyribac ( 29,181/ha) cornered the highest net return closely followed by pendimethalin + bispyribac ( 28,373/ha). As against these treatments, the net return realized by two hand weedings was simply 19169/ha. The B:C ratio further widened the gap between manual weeding and herbicidal applications. The highest B:C ratio of 1.29 was recorded from pre-emergence application of pretilachlor followed in descending order by pretilachlor + bispyribac (1.24) and pendimethalin + bispyribac (1.18), two hand weedings had a B:C ratio of only 0.85 which was next only to the weedy check (0.67). Thus it may be summed up that the wet seeding is superior to dry seeding and drum seeding is better than broadcasting on wet beds. Secondly, high cost involved in manual weeding makes herbicidal treatments more viable proposition. Pretilachlor + bispyribac and pendimethalin + bispyribac are the two most effective herbicidal treatments in direct seeded wet or dry rice establishment methods.ThesisItem Open Access Investigation on Leaf Blotch of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) incited by Colletotrichum capsici (syd.) Butler and Bisby(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1993) Kumar, Vinay; Sinha, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, 2019) Mahto, Rajesh Kumar; Soni, Ravindra; Kumar, Vinay; Chowdhary, Tapas; Khokhar, Dharmendra; Chandrakar, Gayatri; Dash, D.The present study entitled “Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from pigeon pea” was carried out at ICAR -National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Baronda, Raipur.A total of 45 bacterial endophytes were isolated from seven pigeonpea lines and five plant tissues namely root, stem, leaf, flower and pods. The number of isolates isolated tissue wise (19) 42.2%, (11) 24.4%, (11) 24.4%, (2) 4.4% and (2) 4.4% from root, stem, leaf, flower and pod/seed tissues, respectively. Morphological characteristics of bacterial endophytes showed small to medium sized irregular shape colony and the size of most of the isolates varied from pin to medium. Most of the bacterial endophytes (36) have single bacilli and (8) cocco-bacilli, while (1) bacteria had capsulated form. Gram’s reaction of bacterial isolates showed that the (28) of bacterial isolates were Gram positive and (17) were gram negative. Biochemical characterization showed that the number of isolates was positive for Oxidase (24), Catalase (30), Citrate utilization (21), Methyl Red (9) and Vogus Proskauer (3), Urease (10), Nitrate reduction (18). The motility and gases producing ability of isolates showed that 22were motile and 6 isolates produced gas. Molecular characterization of bacterial endophytes was performed by amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene. On the basis of nucleotide sequences generated by sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicon bacterial isolates were identified and grouped in different genera’s namely Bacillus, Fictibacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobactor, Klebsiella, Beijerinckia, Pantoea,and Serretia. The gene sequences of all the 45 bacterial endophytes have been deposited to Gene bank, NCBI and their accession numbers were obtained. The bacterial isolates were screened for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities viz., production of indole acetic acid (4), siderophore (19), phosphate solubilization (11), DNase (13), HCN production (1) were found positive. Bacterial isolates were screened for antibiotics sensitivity pattern using 14 numbers of multispectral antibiotics showed highest resistance to Ceftriaxone followed by Cifixime, Methicillin, Polymyxin and Ampicilin, while highest sensitivity to Gatifloxacin followed by Gentamicin. Antagonistic activity test identified bacterial isolates having antagonism against soil borne fungal pathogens viz, Sclerotium rolfsii (19) Fusarium sps (14) and Rhizoctonia solani (17). Highest antagonistic activities against soil borne fungal pathogens were exhibited by bacterial endophytes isolated from root tissues. The potential isolates exhibiting antifungal activities may be used for the development of bio control formulations for controlling multiple biotic stresses.ThesisItem Open Access Process Optimization And Shelf life Evaluation Of Finger Millet Based Instant Halwa Mix.(CENTRE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI, 2019) Kumar, Vinay; Bunkar, D. S.Finger millet, semolina and stevia were used for preperation of finger millet based instant halwa mix. The proximate chemical composition i.e. Moisture, Ash, Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate contents of finger millet based instant halwa mix were 2.8%, 4.7%, 3.33%, 6.83% and 69.25% respectively. The mineral content i.e. Mn, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn of the product were 0.329 ppm, 1.277 ppm, 1.573 ppm, 0.4737 ppm, 1.273 ppm respectively. The storage temperature significantly affected the sensory score of the product. The colour and appearance, body and texture, consistency, sweetness and overall acceptability scores of the finger millet based instant halwa mix stored at 8°c and 17°c was affected to a lesser extent as compared to the samples stored at 27°c. Textural parameters were influenced by the cooking time, temperature and the final moisture in the finger millet based instant halwa mix. The average value of gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness and springiness of finger millet based instant halwa mix was 28.25 (N), 25.2105, 0.579 and 0.906. In fresh finger millet based instant halwa mix, the average value of HMF recorded was 4.48 μmole/l which increases to 5.18 μmole/l, 5.38 μmole/l and 6.18 μmole/l at 8ºC,17ºC and 27ºC respectively after 28 days of storage of finger millet based instant halwa mix. The formation of HMF was lesser at temperatures 8ºC and 17ºC as compared to high temperature. This implies that with the increase in storage temperature the formation of HMF increases. From the initial value of 0.076, the TBA value increased to 0.102, 0.121 and 0.135 at 532 nm at temperature 8ºC,17ºC and 27ºC respectively after 28 days of storage of finger millet based instant halwa mix. The FFA values found in fresh finger millet based instant halwa mix was 1.66 μeq/g, which increase to 1.92 μeq/g, 1.96 μeq/g and 2.38 μeq/g at temperatures 8ºC,17ºC and 27ºC respectively after 28 days of storage of finger millet based instant halwa mix.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the viability and ultrastructure of sperrnatozoa in different diluents during and after freezing in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis)(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1994) Kumar, Vinay; Khar, S. K