Browsing by Author "Kiran Kumari"
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ThesisItem Open Access Bacterial degradation of polyethylene(CCSHAU, 2008) Kiran Kumari; Narula, NeeruThirty two bacterial isolates were obtained from soil and compost by soil burial method (Gosh, 2005) followed by enrichment culture technique in film culturing media. Bacterial isolates differing in morphology were selected, purified and maintained on film culturing media (Lee et al. 1991). Thirty % of these isolates were found to be Gram negative and 50% were positive starch hydrolysis test. A total of 40 bacterial isolates (32 +8 from department culture collection) were screened for ability to degrade LDPE (untreated, UV and heat strips) in film culturing media. Polyethylene strips were removed every week, till one month and % weight loss was determined. Among various isolates Is 3, Is 22 and Is 31 was able to degrade UV treated polyethylene strips effectively at high temperature (24-28%) as compared to heat and untreated polyethylene strips. Optimization of various conditions like, temperature, light source, pH, size of inoculum, carbon source and nitrogen source were studied to enhance polyethylene degradation. Percent weight loss of PE strips -iiwas also studied incubated in compost treatment with bacterial isolates using treated viz; UV, heat, steam and untreated polyethylene strips. After week till one month, 20 mg of PE were extracted and weight loss of polyethylene estimated. Effect of high temperature (400C), sunlight (44%) and pH at 7.0 (26 - 28%) were considered to enhanced degradation rate of polyethylene positively as compared to low temperature at 300C (18-21%), artificial light of 50W, bulb (22 - 24%) and other pH condition 5, 6 and 8 (21-24, 22-25 and 23-26) respectively. Addition of different carbon source (sucrose, glucose and maltose) and nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium acetate) at 2% (vol/vol) didn’t show positive effect in the increase in the % weight loss degradation of polyethylene. Compost treatment was studied using CO2 evolution as estimation tools to analyze % degradation of PE strips (UV, heat steam) and it was found that bacterial activity affected various factor like O2 supply and sunlight sources affect the degradation of polyethylene strips negatively and only up to 4% degradation of treated LDPE strips was estimated.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GERMPLASM USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-19) Kiran Kumari; Lata, SwaranThe present investigation entitled “Genetic studies of maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm for agro-morphological and quality traits” was undertaken to assess the genetic variability for useful breeding traits and to characterize the maize germplasm for grain quality and yield component traits during kharif 2017. The experimental material comprised of 189 maize inbred lines along with four diverse checks which were evaluated in an augmented block design. Data were recorded on various agro-morphological and quality traits along with reaction to diseases viz., bacterial stalk rot and banded leaf and sheath blight under natural epiphytotic conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the traits studied suggesting appreciable amount of variability among them. On the basis of mean performance, ten genotypes were found significantly superior for grain yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance, high GCV (%) and PCV (%) were observed for grain yield per plant, grains per row and tryptophan content which indicated the presence of additive gene action and provided the ample scope of improvement for these traits through selection. CML-542 W was found significantly superior for sugar and fibre content, whereas DQL-602-2 for starch and fibre content. Overall it could be concluded that two genotypes viz., MAI-105 and CML 334 were found significantly superior for yield, its related traits and also showed resistant reaction towards bacterial stalk rot. These genotypes needs to be further tested for their potentiality and can also be used as donor parent in future breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access Induced mutagenesis for genetic variability and screening of mutants for ornamental traits in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Kiran Kumari; Santosh KumarThe present investigation was conducted at Model Floriculture Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during 2012-2015 to study the effect of gamma irradiation on vegetative, floral, corm and cormel characters of different gladiolus varieties and to screen out mutants for ornamental traits. The experimental material comprised of uniform sized corms of eight gladiolus varieties viz. Yellow Golden, Nathan Red, White Friendship, Jester Gold, American Beauty, Red Majesty, Purple Flora and Algarve treated with five doses of gamma rays viz., 0 Gy (control), 25 Gy, 40 Gy, 55 Gy and 70 Gy. The findings indicated that plant survival decreased after gamma irradiation and minimum survival (77.11%) was recorded at 70 Gy. More than 50% survival was recorded upto 70 Gy dose in all the varieties, thus LD50 could be beyond this dose. Gamma irradiation at lower doses (25 Gy) had stimulatory effect on parameters viz. days to sprouting, number of tillers and number of corms per plant, whereas most of the vegetative and floral characters reduced drastically at higher doses i.e. survival, number of leaves, spikes, florets, spike length, rachis length and number of cormels. Photosynthetic pigments were insensitive to lower dose (25 Gy) but at highest dose (70 Gy) pigment content reduced significantly. Mutants for flower colour trait were isolated from M1 generation and also from M2 generation of normal looking plants of M1. In M1 generation, maximum mutation frequency (18.52%) was recorded in Purple Flora variety at 55 Gy gamma rays dose. Mutations were in the form of chimera in M1 whereas most of the mutants were isolated in M2 generation in pure form. Twelve mutants, isolated from three varieties of gladiolus (White Friendship, Purple Flora and Algarve) for flower colour were stable till M3 generation and exhibited variation in quantitative characters than their respective parents.ThesisItem Open Access Role of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) utilizing pseudomonas and mesorhizobium in disease control and plant growth stimulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2012) Kiran Kumari; Sindhu, S. S.Chickpea is an important commercially utilizable crop and its high yielding varieties are more susceptibile to soil borne fungal phytopathogens i.e., Fusarium oxysporumand Rhizoctonia bataticola. Recently, ACC deaminase containing Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonasbacteria have been found to improve nodulation and suppressed disease in chickpea by lowering the level of stress ethylene. In this, study, 85 Mesorhizobiumisolates and sixty one Pseudomonas isolates were screened for utilization of ACC on Dworkin and Foster’s minimal medium. Frequency of Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas isolates having the ability to utilize ACC was found 30.6 and 14.3%, respectively. Among ACC + isolates, 7.37% isolates ofMesorhizobiumshowed antifungal activity against F. oxysporumand 6.32% isolates inhibited the growth of R. bataticola.on PDA plates. Screening of Pseudomonas isolates showed that 21.98 and 47.5% isolates inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and R. bataticola, respectively. Mutant altered in ACC utilization were derived from Mesorhizobium andPseudomonas isolates by using nitrosoguanidine. Seven mutants fromPseudomonasisolate PPBM36 and 5 mutants from Mesorhizobiumisolate CMK39 lacking ACC utilization were obtained. Mesorhizobium isolates i.e., CMK12, CMK39, CRYM13 and CMK21 formed 75 to 98 nodules per plant and 229.3 - 278.5% increase in plant dry weight was observed at 90 days of growth in chillum jar assembly conditions. Coinoculation of Mesorhizobium isolate, CMK39 with Pseudomonas isolate PPBM36 formed 73 nodules per plant and caused 48.4 - 127.5% increase in root and shoot dry weight at 90 days ofgrowth. In Fusarium oxysporuminoculated soil, single inoculation of Mesorhizobiumisolate CMK39 caused 46.5% increase whereas its coinoculation with Pseudomonasisolate PPBM36 further enhanced shoot dry weight upto 67.5% in comparison to uninoculatedcontrol. Disease caused byF. oxysporum was effectively controlled by coinoculation of Mesorhizobium isolate CMK39 with Pseudomonas isolate PPBM36. ACC utilizing Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas isolates were found more effective in control of disease symptoms as compared to ACC - isolates and mutants. Thus, ACC utilizing Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas isolates could be used for disease control and plant growth promotion of chickpea under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Solubilization Of Low Grade Rock Phosphate By Spent Wash And Its Effect On Soil Properties And Plant Growth(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2006) Kiran Kumari; Phogat, V. K.ThesisItem Open Access Technology Assessment for Late Sown Wheat in well - Endowed and Small Production Systems(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Kiran Kumari; R.P. Singh "Ratan"The finding dealt above lead to the conclusion that the study area was endowed with constrained bio-physical and socio –economic factors. Majority of the area owned by the respondents was rainfed having poor fertility status with acidic soils. Ultimately categorized into two types of production systems i.e. small production system (CDR) and well endowed production system . Majority of the respondents were illiterate relatively of middle age having cultivation as their occupation. The farming system of the respondents were complexed and diversified with the important components like crop production, vegetable production and livestock rearing, predominantly the small animals .Existing wheat production practices includes farmers wishful resource management techniques and injudicious use of chemical fertilizers as well as use of traditional non descript variety of seeds. Based upon the hypothesis that the improved seeds as well as balanced use of chemical fertilizers would lead to increased production and productivity the interventions made in the form of on farm research consisting of three treatments in small- production systems and demonstration in well endowed production system were found to be successful in testing their appropriateness as well as convincing the farmers about using the intervened technologies in their existing farming situations. Treatment (T3) i.e. improved seed +improved practices of OFR and demonstration resulted relatively higher productivity and profitability over farmers seed +farmers practices. The respondents favourably reacted to the interventions in terms of selected attributed and opined for their acceptance of treatments provided the input supply if assured timely and adequately. The woman farmers also found the interventions suitable to their multifaceted activity perspectives. The demonstration farmers received relatively higher level of knowledge than those of the participating farmers about late sown wheat production technology .On the basis of farmers assessment and opinion on refinement of late sown wheat production technology finally.