Browsing by Author "Kaur, Navjot"
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ThesisItem Open Access Economic and marketing status of pig farming in punjab(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2020) Kaur, Navjot; Kaur, InderpreetLivestock sector contributes about 25.80 per cent and 38.77 per cent of agricultural gross domestic product in India and Punjab respectively. Pig production is an important occupation of rural agricultural society of Punjab. Per cent share of pig meat production to total meat production in Punjab is 0.47 per cent in 2019. So, there is wide opportunity in Punjab to further enhance the commercialised pork production for gaining self sufficiency in pork production. The present study was conducted in three districts of Punjab state namely, Ludhiana, Mohali and Sangrur with highest concentration of pig population. Sample size of total of 82 â pig breeding-cum-finisher units categorised into small (less than 10 sows), medium (10-25 sows) and large (above 25 sows) farms and 10 middleman for marketing pattern were selected for detailed primary study. The present study unravels the net return/animal/month was ` 1,677.09, ` 3,632.55 and ` 5,573.72 in small, medium and large category. Majority of the pig farmers (94 per cent) in Punjab were found selling live pigs whereas 3.66 per cent and 2.34 per cent were found selling pig meat and pig meat products respectively. The marketed surplus was 98.00 percent, 99.00 per cent and 99.50 per cent in small, medium and large category respectively. Marketing efficiency was found higher in channel 1 (farmer- farmer) i.e. 12.79. 100 per cent of the small and large farmers and 95.83 per cent of medium farmershad access to market information. Basis of sale was found to be live weight (79.27 per cent). 100 per cent of the farmers were found selling pigs to the unregulated market. Costly feed and inadequate access to credit were the main production constraint faced by sampled pig farmers. Less price of pork meat, lack of proper market and distant market were main marketing constraints faced by small, medium and large farmers respectively. Pig farming is a social taboo, so there is need to start awareness campaigning. Subsidy and loan should be easily available for pig farmers. There is need to increase adoption of value addition among pig farmers for more profits. There should be system for waste disposal in Punjab so that pig manure does not pose any environmental problems and there should be quarantine measures kept at each pig farm so as to prevent the zoonotic diseases.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of bio-antioxidants on cryopreservation of buffalo bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2020) Kaur, Navjot; Sharma, ManjinderPresent investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) and resveratrol (RES) on cell viability, oxidative stress (LPO, O2- radical, ROS and TPC), antioxidant status (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT and GST), cytotoxicity markers (ALP, LDH, GGT and CK-MB) and apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from buffalo bone marrow during freeze-thaw cycle of one month. MSCs were isolated and cultured in high glucose DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS. MSCs were found to be positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and stem cell markers (CD73 and OCT4). Cell viability was significantly increased (pâ ¤0.05) with addition of CUR and RES alone or in combination than control group. Results revealed significant reduction in (pâ ¤0.05) in oxidative stress parameters and cytotoxicity markers, while, the levels of cellular antioxidants were found to be significantly increased (pâ ¤0.05) in CUR/RES alone and in combination groups as compared to control group. Apoptotic index, percent necrotic cells and percent dead cells were significantly decreased (pâ ¤0.05) in bio-antioxidant treated groups. In conclusion, addition of bio-antioxidants (CUR/RES alone or in combination) in cryopreservation medium have improved the post thaw cell recovery through suppression of oxidative stress generated and apoptosis during freeze-thaw cycle.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of specialized training courses for farmers being organized by Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2016) Kaur, Navjot; Singh, ParminderThe present study entitled Evaluation of specialized training courses for farmers being organized by Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana . Courses namely piggery, dairy and poultry which were conducted in the period of Jan 2015- March 2016 were evaluated. All the trainees were taken as respondents of the study. Data were collected one day before the end of the respective training course. Questionnaire was distributed and narrated to the farmers. The data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical tools such as frequencies, percentage, range method and Chi-square test was applied as test of significance. Study revealed that in piggery training 44.93 per cent of the trainees were matriculates. More than 50 per cent were senior secondary in dairy and poultry training course. Significant relationship between social participation and mass media exposure was reported. It was significant at 1% level among dairy trainees. Trainees from three different training courses occasionally contacted to KVK scientist and never contacted to District Extension Specialist. 94.20, 94.12 and 70.00 per cent were eager to start the farming after getting piggery, dairy and poultry training respectively.90.32 and 80.0 per cent of trainees with education level of matriculate were satisfied with the course curriculum during piggery and dairy training course, respectively. However 85.71 per cent of the trainees with education level of senior secondary were not satisfied with course curriculum during poultry training course. 95.23 per cent of trainees who were never exposed to mass media were satisfied with the course curriculum during piggery training course. 58.06 per cent of trainees with education level matric were satisfied with the distribution of literature provided during piggery training course.78.57 per cent of the trainees who were never exposed to mass media were satisfied with the distribution of literature provided during piggery training course. 80 per cent of the trainees who were regularly exposed to mass media were partially satisfied with the educational tour during poultry training course. 90.32 per cent of trainees with education level matric were satisfied with the educational tour during piggery training course. 95.23 per cent of the trainees with education level senior secondary were satisfied with the comfort seating during poultry training course. 84.37 per cent of the trainees with age group of more than 40 were satisfied with comfort seating during piggery training course.80 per cent of the trainees who were regularly exposed to mass media were satisfied with the arrangement for conducting of practicals during poultry training course. Trainees suggested free distribution of literature, arrangement of internet and more emphasis on practicalsThesisItem Open Access Occurrence, prevalence and management of slugs in vegetable crops in relation to edaphic factors(PAU, 2014) Kaur, Navjot; Singla, NeenaSurvey in farmer fields of vegetable crops in five villages of district Barnala revealed no slug infestation, however, in experimental fields of summer and winter vegetable crops grown in three villages viz., Bhadalwad and Sanghera in district Barnala and Dasaunda Singh Wala in district Sangrur revealed the occurrence of one slug species, Filicaulis alte. Slugs were found active from March to mid November after which they might have been in hibernation. Maximum slug density was recorded during the months of August and September in all the three villages. Slugs preferred soil with low bulk density and high porosity, particle density, moisture content, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium. The slugs inflicted two types of damage to vegetable crops viz., consumption of whole seedlings and irregular holes within the leaves and at margins. Spinach, turnip and cauliflower were most affected vegetable crops in the three villages. Slug density and damage to cabbage crop at village Bhadalwad was highest in sandy loam soil and was found decreased with increase in soil compaction (1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 g/cm3). The slug density and damage in soil was found decreased with decrease in quantities of FYM (5, 10 and 20 t/ha) and increase in quantities of urea (50, 100 and 150% of the recommended). Among the three concentrations (half, as per and double the recommended) of five poison baits tested in laboratory feeding tests, recommended dose of indoxacarb and profenophos proved to be very effective against the slugs resulting in 93 and 83% mortality, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Prevalence and Pathology of Reproductive Tract Affections in Bovine(GADVASU, Ludhiana, 2006) Kaur, Navjot; Banga, H.S.A project entitled â Studies on Prevalence and Pathology of Reproductive Tract Affections in Bovineâ ? has been carried out on the bovine received at post-mortem hall of Department of Veterinary Pathology, PAU, Ludhiana and from a slaughter house situated at Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh) during November 2004 to March 2006. Out of 185 cases of bovines, 130 cases (80 cases of buffalo and 50 cases of cow) revealed reproductive disorders and were subjected to detailed post-mortem examination. The overall occurrence of female reproductive disorders was found to be highest (56.15%) in bovine of 8-12 years of age during autumn season. The prevalence of cystic ovarian disease was (24.00% in cow, 16.25% in buffalo, 19.22% in bovine) and endometritis (26.00% in cow, 26.25% in buffalo 26.15% in bovine). The cystic ovarian disease and chronic non-supparative endometritis were the most frequently observed anomalies amongst the reproductive disorders observed. Cystic ovarian disease involved various types of cysts viz. follicular cyst (cow 12.00%, buffalo 10.00%, bovine 10.77%), luteal cyst (cow 6.00%, buffalo 5.00%, bovine 5.38%), parovarian cyst (cow 4.00%, buffalo 1.25%, bovine 2.31%) and seromucinous cyst (cow 2.00%, bovine 0.77%). Macroscopically, the cyst(s) contained clear and colourless fluid. Follicular cyst had 2 to 3 layers of thick membrane granulosa along with extensive degenerative changes. Luteal cyst had thick middle luteinised theca interna cells. However, parovarian cysts consisted of thin wall of connective tissue and muscle fibres, lined by low columnar epithelium with clear cytoplasm and basement membrane. In case of endometritis, grossly uterine horns were completely tough and tumefied. Microscopically, chronic non-supparative endometritis was characterized by mild to moderate infiltration of 5 lymphomononuclear cells at focal or diffuse areas in the sub epithelial layers along with marked fibroplasia. Various other affections viz. chronic oophoritis, ovarian hypoplasia, salpingitis, adenomyosis, tuberculus endometritis, endometrial polyp, cervicitis and vaginitis along with tumours of ovary, uterus, cervix and vagina were also observed. The microbiological studies revealed that Escherichia coli was the most common isolated bacteria from the reproductive disorders in bovine. Drug sensitivity test revealed that gentamicin was the drug of choice against all bacteria isolated.ThesisItem Open Access Toxicological and Biochemical studies of O, O-Diethyl-O (-3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate (Chlorpyrifos in buffalo Species(Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology College of Veterianry Science, PAU, Ludhiana, 1993) Kaur, Navjot; Bal, M. SThesisItem Open Access Toxicological And Biochemical Studies Of O, O-Diethyl-O (3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate (Chlorpyrifos) In Buffalo Species(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1993) Kaur, Navjot; Bal, M. S.Chlorpyrifos - an organophosphate insecticide is commonly used in veterinary and agricultural practices to control a variety of ticks, mites, lice and various crop pests. In veterinary practice it is employed both systemically and topically. The present study was planned to investigate the oral acute, oral subacute and dermal subacute toxicity of chlorpyrifos in buffalo species. In addition the therapeutic efficacy of atropine alone and in combination with DAM was also evaluated in acutely poisoned animals. Following single oral administration of chlorpyrifos (50 mg/kg) animals produced severe toxic symptoms characteristic of anticholinesterase poisoning. All the calves died within 4-6 h. The erythrocyte ChE, plasma ChE and plasma carboxylesterase activities were inhibited significantly within 1.25-1.75 h after administration of the insecticide. The pattern of inhibition of blood esteraseswas directly correlated with severity of symptoms. The plasma levels of transferases, phosphatases, proteins, creatinine and blood levels of glucose and urea nitrogen were markedly elevated. In oral subacute toxicity study following daily oral administration of chlorpyrifos (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg/day) for 23 days, animals produced mild to moderate toxic symptoms from 13 -16th day onwards. The inhibition in blood esterases activities was dose and time dependent and maximum inhibition of activities of erythrocyte ChE, plasma ChE and plasma carboxylesterase was observed on 23rd day of treatment. In surviving calves all altered biochemical parameters viz, blood levels of esterases, glucose, urea nitrogen and plasma levels of transferases, phosphatases, proteins and creatinine returned to normal values within 15 days of stoppage of insecticide administration. Dermal subacute toxicity induced by daily dermal spray of chlorpyrifos (0.25%) for 8 days produced mild to moderate toxic symptoms. One calf died on the 7th day of treatment. The blood esterases were inhibited significantly with passage of time and maximum inhibition of erythrocyte ChE (82.9%) and plasma ChE (77.6%) was observed on 8th day of treatment. Other biochemical indices showed marked elevation during the treatment period but recovered significantly within 9 days after withdrawl of insecticide use. Antidotal therapy of acutely poisoned buffalo calves (chlorpyrifos, 50 mg/kg, PO) with atropine alone (0.5 mg/kg 1/4 iv 3/4 im, followed by 0.5 mg/kg im, repeated at 6-12 h) and DAM (30 mg/kg, iv) in conjunction with atropine failed to protect animals against lethality and was ineffective in reversing the chlorpyrifos induced alterations in blood esterases, plasma aminotransferases, plasma phosphatases, blood glucose, plasma proteins, BUN and plasma creatinine.