Browsing by Author "Kathirvelan, C"
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ArticleItem Open Access Analysis of Nitrate Content in Water Samples Collected from Karur Districts Associated With Nitrate Toxicity for Dairy Cattle – A Preliminary Approach(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Kathirvelan, C; Manimaran, Dharmar; Vasanthakumar, P; Purushothaman, MR; TANUVASThe present study has been carried out to estimate nitrate content level in water collected from different sources. Approximately, 925 water samples in different sources were collected from Karur districts comprising 8 taluk and selected 4 villages. The nitrate was analyzed from collected water samples by using kit method. The nitrate level analysis is estimated based on the reactions involving acetic acid and Bray’s indicator as the coupling agents. The Nitrate level was determined from collected 925 water samples showed that 42.8% samples had 10-50PPM, 31.7% had 51-100 PPM, 1.9% had 101-300PPM, 0.01% had above 300PPM and 1.7% had traces of nitrate content respectively. From the result analysis, it has been suggested that water samples below100 PPM of nitrate after storing 1 or 2 days should be suitable for the consumption for the dairy cattle. Hence, Laboratory testing of water and feedstuffs is always recommended so that to prevent the nitrate toxicity incidence in cattle.OtherItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF SUITABLE INFERTILITY TREATMENT IN DAIRY ANIMALS BY ON FARM TESTING(2019-12) Kathirvelan, C; Jothilakshmi, M; Akila, N; et al.; TANUVASReproductive performance is one of the most important factors affecting dairy farm profitability and the development of national economy, as well as the living standard of rural and urban societies, Because, it directly or indirectly influences the yield of milk, reproductive culling rate and the cost for breeding and calfsales. Dairy cows should calve one time every year to maximize economic efficiency. Cows that have been highly selected for milk production in recent decades have suffered a decline in cow fertility, fertility is a multifactorial trait and its deterioration has been caused by a network of genetic, environmental and managerial factors and their complex interactions. Majorly, hormonal imbalance is the prime reason for causing infertility in dairy animals. In this on farm testing, T1 group (10 crossbred animals) was farmer’s practice of adopting various infertility treatment strategies. In T2 group (10 crossbred animals) Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) whereas, T3 group, ProSync-NC Nano Cream Progesterone was used. In farmers practice (T1), the farmers were not adopted any measure or irrational use of various kinds of treatments for infertility. In connection with this, farmers are unable to produce the next calf within 12-14 months interval. This indirectly postpones the lactation. In case of recommended practice (T2) –The farmers are advised to use Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) for Progesterone which has given the promising results. about 70 per cent in on farm testing. In case of recommended practice (T3) – Comparison was made ProSync-NC Nano Cream Progesterone. In on farm testing, it has given40 per cent success results. The benefit cost ration in T1, T2 and T3 are 1.04, 2.60 and 2.03ArticleItem Open Access AZOLLA- AN ALTERNATE AND SUSTAINABLE FEED FOR LIVESTOCK(2015) Kathirvelan, C; Banupriya, S; Purushothaman, MR; TANUVASAzolla is very rich in proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B12, Beta Carotene), growth promoter intermediaries and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium, ferrous, copper, magnesium etc. Azolla, on a dry weight basis, is constituted of 25-35% protein content, 10-15% mineral content and 7-10%, a combination of amino acids, bio-active substances and biopolymers. Carbohydrate and oil content in Azolla is very low. Thus the biocomposition of Azolla, makes it one of the most economic and efficient feed substitutes for livestock. Moreover, Azolla can be easily digested by livestock, owing to its high protein and low lignin content. Azolla can also be fed to sheep, goat, pig and rabbit as feed substitute.ArticleItem Open Access CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF DRIED DISTILLERS GRAIN SOLUBLES(2015) Thulasiraman, R; Kathirvelan, C; Purushothaman, MR; TANUVASA study has been carried out to find out the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristic of dried distillers grain soluble (DDGs). Six DDGs feeds samples were collected from different parts (feed mills) of Namakkal district. The samples were ground to pass through a 2-mm screen and then analysed for chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility. In the present study the Crude protein, Crude fibre, Ether extract, Total ash, Sand and silica content of DDGs are 47.95, 1.12, 1.19, 4.77 and 0.058% respectively. The calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and potassium content of DDGs were 0.16 %, 0.63%, 0.31% and 0.98% respectively. Similarly the trace mineral like zinc, copper and manganese are 23 ppm, 7.4 ppm and 26 ppm respectively. The traces of aflotoxinB1 (0.5 ppb) also noticed in the DDGs samples. In vitro DM digestibility of DDGs at 24 and 48 hrs was 38 and 42 % respectively. Hence, the present study showed that DDGs had relatively high protein content and in vitro DMD and thus have the potential to be good alternate feed source for livestock.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF RETORT PROCESSED SHELF STABLE DIETETIC PANEER(TANUVAS, 2016) Gomatheeswari, M; Karthikeyan, N; Elango, A; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASPaneer, an acid coagulated dairy product, is very popular in Indian subcontinent, but its shelf life is quite low being l day at ambient temperature and 6 days at refrigeration temperature. Of late, there has been an increasing demand for fibre enriched low calorie food products from the health conscious consumers. Further, the application of retort processing on the food products is gaining momentum that could be utilized as a protective method of enhancing the shelf life of the food products.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of amount and source of vegetable oils in a high fibrous cattle diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration(2012) Jacob, Ani Bency; Balakrishnan, V; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASFour diets with two vegetable oils at two different levels were evaluated for their in vitro rumen fermentation pattern, nutrient degradability and cis-9, trans-11 CLA production using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Control diet (C) was having roughage to concentrate in the ratio of65:35. Treatment diets were formed by supplementing with sunflower oil (SF) and soya bean oil (SB) at 4.5 (SF4.5, SB4.5) and 6.0% (SF6, SB6) levels and incubated in RUSITEC fermenters. After seven days of adaptation period, fermentation parameters, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 concentration were assessed for the next 3 days. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was higher in effluent from diets supplemented with 6% oil compared to that of control and 4.5% oil. SF6 and SF4.5 were more effective in increasing rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA compared with corresponding levels ofsoya bean oil. However, the degradability ofdry matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose was significantly (PB0.05) reduced in SF6 and SB6 diets. Significantly (PB0.05) higher pH, lower proportion ofacetate and butyrate and higher proportion of propionate were indicative of the aforementioned changes in the corresponding fermenters. Rumen fermentation pattern and nutrient degradability were not affected in SF4.5 and SB4.5 diets. The study indicated that vegetable oil supplementation at 6% level was deleterious for rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability despite an increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of amount and source of vegetable oils in a high fibrous cattle diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration(2012-06) Jacob, Ani Bency; Balakrishnan, V; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASFour diets with two vegetable oils at two different levels were evaluated for their in vitro rumen fermentation pattern, nutrient degradability and cis-9, trans-11 CLA production using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Control diet (C) was having roughage to concentrate in the ratio of65:35. Treatment diets were formed by supplementing with sunflower oil (SF) and soya bean oil (SB) at 4.5 (SF4.5, SB4.5) and 6.0% (SF6, SB6) levels and incubated in RUSITEC fermenters. After seven days of adaptation period, fermentation parameters, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 concentration were assessed for the next 3 days. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was higher in effluent from diets supplemented with 6% oil compared to that of control and 4.5% oil. SF6 and SF4.5 were more effective in increasing rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA compared with corresponding levels ofsoya bean oil. However, the degradability ofdry matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose was significantly (PB0.05) reduced in SF6 and SB6 diets. Significantly (PB0.05) higher pH, lower proportion ofacetate and butyrate and higher proportion of propionate were indicative of the aforementioned changes in the corresponding fermenters. Rumen fermentation pattern and nutrient degradability were not affected in SF4.5 and SB4.5 diets. The study indicated that vegetable oil supplementation at 6% level was deleterious for rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability despite an increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of amount and source of vegetable oils in a high fibrous cattle diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration(2012) Ani Bency Jacob; Balakrishnan, V; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASFour diets with two vegetable oils at two different levels were evaluated for their in vitro rumen fermentation pattern, nutrient degradability and cis-9, trans-11 CLA production using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Control diet (C) was having roughage to concentrate in the ratio of65:35. Treatment diets were formed by supplementing with sunflower oil (SF) and soya bean oil (SB) at 4.5 (SF4.5, SB4.5) and 6.0% (SF6, SB6) levels and incubated in RUSITEC fermenters. After seven days of adaptation period, fermentation parameters, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 concentration were assessed for the next 3 days. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was higher in effluent from diets supplemented with 6% oil compared to that of control and 4.5% oil. SF6 and SF4.5 were more effective in increasing rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA compared with corresponding levels ofsoya bean oil. However, the degradability ofdry matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose was significantly (PB0.05) reduced in SF6 and SB6 diets. Significantly (PB0.05) higher pH, lower proportion ofacetate and butyrate and higher proportion of propionate were indicative of the aforementioned changes in the corresponding fermenters. Rumen fermentation pattern and nutrient degradability were not affected in SF4.5 and SB4.5 diets. The study indicated that vegetable oil supplementation at 6% level was deleterious for rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability despite an increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID ADDITION IN DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF PRE WEANING PIGLETS.(2013) Kathirvelan, C; Ramesh, V; Purushothaman, MR; Chandrasekar, D; Ramesh Saravanakumar, V; TANUVASSeveral factors are likely to influence voluntary feed intake in pre weaning and post weaning piglets. including preweaning environment, age at weaning, creep feeding and health status etc. Various nutritional approaches for optimizing the weaning transition and minimizing enteric diseases have been tested in the past decade. Various organic acids are used to increase the feed intake in pre weanling and post weanling piglets. Organic acids normally used as an acidifies in animal feeds have been considered to be alternatives for improving nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weanling pigs (Fiisley et al., 1992). Hence an experiment was undertaken to study the impact of lactic acid supplementation in creeper diet on growth performance of pre weanling piglets.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of milk fat replacement with linseed oil rice bran wax organogel on physico chemical characteristics of dietetic ice cream(Indian Dairy Association, 2017) Banupriya, S; Elago, A; Karthikeyan, N; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASAn experiment has been carried out to study the milk fat replacement with linseed oil rice bran wax organogel on physico chemical characteristics of ice cream. Linseed oil rice bran wax organogel was used at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 per cent as a milk fat replacer to develop dietetic ice cream. Linseed oil rice bran wax organogel was obtained by combining 10 per cent (wt) of RBW and 90 per cent (wt) of linseed oil. Ice cream formulation was comprised of 12 % SNF, fat 10 %, sugar 15 %, stabilizer 0.5% and 36% Total solids. The mean value of pH in the control ice cream mix was 6.39 and in the treatment groups ranged from 6.36 to 6.38. The titrable acidity of different treatment ice creams ranged from 0.214 to 0.216 per cent and in control ice cream 0.214 per cent. Similarly the viscosity of the control ice cream mix was 66.12 and in the treatment groups ranged from 61.45 to 65.82. Mean value of overrun in the control ice cream was 37.63 per cent and it ranged from 26.98 to 34.55 per cent in different treatment ice creams. The mean whipping ability of control ice cream was 46.95 per cent and it ranged from 38.49 to 45.14 per cent in the treatments. Hence it can be concluded that milk fat replacement with linseed oil rice bran wax organogel did not have any impact on pH and titrable acidity. However, viscosity, whipping ability and overrun are not influenced by incorporation linseed oil organogel up to 2.5 per cent and beyond this level of incorporation, a decreasing trend was noticed.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation in Broiler chicken on serum and muscle lipid profile(2021) Ajantha, A; Kathirvelan, C; Purushothaman, MR; Visha, P; TANUVASA study was conducted to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on serum and muscle lipid profile in broiler chicken. A total of 216 numbers of day old - broiler (Cobb 400) chicks were randomly divided into six experimental groups with six replicates, six chicks per replicate. Chicks were distributed in 4 different inclusion levels of MOLM in diets; Such as 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm & 1500 ppm with basal ration and basal ration with AGP. The results showed that the lowest serum cholesterol (149.91 mg/dl) and triglycerides (125.19 mg/dl), was observed in T4. The HDL (mg/dl) in MOLM supplemented groups ie. T4 (77.37), T5 (79.74) and T6 (79.80) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than T1 (70.01) and T2 (70.85). Similarly, the MOLM supplemented groups had significantly (P<0.01) reduced cholesterol level (mg/g) in thigh (108.43-113.59) and breast muscle (75.53-76.39) than T1 (122.42 and 84.27) and T2 (120.06 and 83.23). It is concluded that MOLM supplementation resulted in increased serum HDL and decreased serum cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride and muscle cholesterol levels.ArticleItem Open Access Performance of Commercial Broiler Chicken Fed With Soya Oil Cake(2020-04) Sonale, NS; Rajendran, K; Moorthy, M; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASA study was undertaken in commercial broiler chicken to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of soya oil cake on production performance of in environmentally controlled housing system. Two hundred and fty one day-old, commercial feathered sexed broiler chicks were randomly grouped into ve treatments with ve replicates containing ten chicks each. The results of the experiment revealed that the group T3 and T4 had signi cantly higher body weight and higher body weight gain than the other treatment and control groups. The cumulative feed consumption was signi cantly lowest in the treatment groups T1 and T2 and the feed conversion ratio was signi cantly (P<0.05) better in T3 and T4 groups.ArticleItem Open Access Sensory properties of functional greek yoghurt incorporated with Moringa oleifera leaf powder(2022-04) Vijay, L; Karthikeyan, N; Kumaresan, G; Kathirvelan, C; TANUVASThis study was designed to develop functional Greek yoghurt by the incorporation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder as the source of all kind of vitamins, trace minerals and fiber content. The preliminary trials of functional Greek yoghurt was prepared by incorporating Moringa oleifera leaf powder at different levels viz.,0.5%, 1.0% 1.5%, 2 %, and 2.5 %. Based on the sensory evaluation, 1.5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder incorporation was adjudged as the acceptable level in functional Greek yoghurt and subjected to further studies. The overall acceptability scores for control yoghurt (PY) was 8.75±0.11 and the treatments viz., T1,T2 and T3 had secured a comparable score of 8.58±0.15, 8.33±0.11 and 8.25±0.11 respectively while T4 and T5 had secured the lowest scores of 7.50±0.13 and 6.92±0.15 respectively. Based on the sensory evaluation 1.5% of Moringa oleifera leaf powder was selected as the ideal inclusion level for developing functional Greek yoghurt without altering the any organoleptic properties of yoghurt.ArticleItem Open Access SIGNIFICANCE OF USAGE OF PHYTASE IN POULTRY NUTRITION(2015) Kathirvelan, C; Janani, SR; Ramesh, J; Purushothaman, MR; TANUVASFirst commercialised in 1991, phytase is now present in over 60% of monogastric feed, and possibly even in a higher percentage of poultry diets. Since first commercial utilisation, phytase has mainly been considered to be a tool to increase phosphourus (P) availability/digestibility from vegetable sources and so reduce the inclusion of higher cost P sources. Here, phytase releases the P bound in the phytate molecule, increasing the availability/digestibility of this mineral to the animal. Thus, increasing the inclusion rate of phytase would be expected to release additional P from the indigestible feed phytate and consequently allow an even greater substitution of higher cost P sources. When phytases act on the phytate molecule, they also increase the solubility of the phytate while reducing its anti-nutritional effect. Phytate is known to be an anti-nutrient, affecting an increase in mucus production and the loss of amino acids, altering patterns of sodium secretion into the gut and influencing the absorption of minerals.ArticleItem Open Access STUDY ON INCIDENCE OF MAMMARY TISSUE CARCINOGENESIS IN CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID FED FEMALE WISTER RATS.(2016) Banupriya, S; Kathirvelan, C; Tyagi, AK; TANUVASA study was carried out to investigate anti carcinogeneic effect of Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding on mammary gland carcinogenesis in rats. Female wistar rats of 21 day’s old were taken for the study and animals were randomly divided into 2 groups of thirty animals in each group. In group I, animals were fed with soybean oil based diet where as group II animals were fed with CLA ghee based diet, respectively. Soybean oil and CLA ghee were included at 10 per cent level in the animal diet. Feeding of test diets were started on the day of weaning. Animals were given 7, 12 dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) at 5 mg per animal as single dose by oral intubation at the age of 55th day and test diets were continued upto 32 weeks after DMBA administration. At the end of 32 weeks, all animals were sacrificed, tumour data recorded and histopathology done. Tumour incidence in group I and III were 83.33 and 46.07 per cent respectively. Histopathology revealed fibroma, adenoma, fibro adenoma in all the groups whereas in group I showed adenocarcinoma. Therefore, results of present study showed the conjugated linoleic acid not only inhibited benign type tumour but malignant tumour as well.