Browsing by Author "Kannan TA"
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ArticleItem Open Access Gross and Biometrical observations on the Testis of Indian Mongrel Dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris)(2023) Kumar K; Kannan TA; Geetha Ramesh, et al.; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to record the gross and biometrical details of the testes in dogs of prepubertal and post-pubertal age groups. For this, testes were collected from 12 healthy dogs and record the various gross morphological parameters. The testes of dogs were located within the scrotum and appeared oval in shape and reddish white in colour. The long axis of testis was placed dorso-caudal to the long axis of the body. The epididymis was attached to the dorso-lateral surface of the testis. Significant difference was noticed in the weight, length, circumference and the volume of the testes among dogs of prepubertal and post pubertal groups.ThesisItem Restricted GROSS AND MICROANATOMY OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC ORGAN IN GUINEA PIG {Cavia porcellus)(2021) Rajathi S; TANUVAS; Geetha Ramesh; Kannan TA; Sriram P; Hemalatha SThe present study was undertaken to access the gross and microanatomy of hepatopancreatic organs namely liver, gall bladder and pancreas in guinea pigs of two prenatal and four postnatal age groups. Hepatopancreatic organs were collected from the guinea pigs received from department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chennai. Gross anatomical observations and morphometrical measurements were recorded. Tissue pieces of hepatopancreatic organs in all age groups were subjected to routine and special histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The liver was located in the cranial right side of the abdominal cavity and was reddish brown in colour with six lobes, two surfaces and four borders. Falciform, coronary, round, triangular, hepatorenal and hepatogastric ligaments were observed in all postnatal ages. The gall bladder was pearshaped and located in gall fossa of liver. Cystic duct was the duct of gall bladder. Pancreas was irregular in shape with splenic, ventricular and intestinal lobes. The morphometric parameters of hepatopancreatic organs were increased with age. The capsule of liver was dense regular type with collagen and reticular fibres. Septa were not evident in the parenchyma except at portal areas. The parenchyma appeared as hexagonal lobules with large polygonal in shape hepatocytes with eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm and round basophilic nucleus ananged in radiating cords from central vein to periphery. Sinusoids lined by flattened epithelial cells were found between the cords and contained Kupffer cells.ArticleItem Open Access Gross morphometric analysis of the testis of tom cats (Felis catus)(2023) Kumar K; Kannan TA; Geetha Ramesh; et al.; TANUVASThe present work was undertaken to study the gross details of the testis and its duct system in cats during pre-pubertal and post pubertal stages. For this, testes were obtained from 20 healthy tom cats showing no signs of illness. Various gross morphological parameters were recorded. The testes of cats were located within the scortum, oval in shape and reddish white in colour. The long axis of testis was running dorso- caudal to the long axis of the body. The epididymis was attached to the dorso- lateral surface of the testis. Significant difference was noticed in the weight, length, circumference and the volume of the testes in prepubertal and post pubertal groups.ThesisItem Restricted LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) SUPPLEMENTATION TO TRIS-BASED DILUENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON VITAL AND ULTRA-STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN-THAWED CANINE SPERMATOZOA(2021) Rajput Shubhamsingh Chandansingh; TANUVAS; Arunmozhi N; Rangasamy S; Kannan TAThe present research was aimed to study the effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) based extender on semen parameters like progressive motility. viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity, DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential including ultrastructural characteristics Semen was collected from the dogs with a body condition score of 4-5 (on a scale of 0-9) by digital manipulation. The pre-freeze characteristics of the semen like volume, colour, consistency, concentration, mass motility, progressive motility, viability and total sperm abnormalities were studied. Following which the sperm rich fractions were diluted in the ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 with a TRJS-glucose bound extender containing 20 per cent egg yolk in trial 1 and with TRIS-glucose bound extender containing 8 per cent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in trial 2 depending upon the sperm concentration, LDL was extracted as per the procedure described by Moussa et al., (2002). Then cryopreservation was done as per conventional method. The effect of LDL supplementation on progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity, DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential at 24 h post-thaw were evaluated and compared with Tris-egg yolk extender. Morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoa with EY and LDL extender at 6 h of equilibration were recorded and was found to be significantly higher for the percentage of viability, plasma membrane and DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, no significant difference was observed for plasma membrane integrity in EY and LDL added semen at 6 h of equilibration. After cryopreservation the semen samples were evaluated for progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential at 24 hours post thaw and significantly higher difference (p<0.01) was observed in the mean percentage of progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. No significant difference was noticed in DNA integrity between the semen extended with EY and LDL at 24 h post-thaw, which might be due to more stable nuclear packing and highly condensed with a unique DNA organization. The semen samples diluted with EY and LDL extenders were evaluated for all the above said parameters at 6 h of equilibration and 24 hours post thaw and the result revealed that all the parameters were highly significant between 6 h equilibration and 24 h post-thaw in the semen samples extended with both EY and LDL. This could be because cryopreservation induces lethal intra-cellular ice crystal formation in turn causing damage in the plasma and acrosomal membrane. Cryopreservation also modifies the lipid biochemical organization and pattern. It also changes the biochemical composition and structure of the spermatozoal plasma and acrosomal membrane. Ultrastructural characteristics of fresh semen, semen samples at 6 h of equilibration and 24 h post-thaw by SEM showed that, there was more damage noticed in different sperm regions in samples extended with EY at 6 h and 24 h post-thaw when compared to LDL. TEM micrograph of the canine semen added with EY extender showed damaged acrosome and neck region while the semen extended with LDL showed intact acrosomal membrane and intact head region with some damages inflicted in the plasma membrane. TEM picture also revealed damaged acrosome with leakage of enzymes and severe vesiculations and damage of the plasma membrane in semen extended with EY while in semen added with LDL extender, head and mid-piece were intact in TEM micrograph. In conclusion, addition of LDL at 8 per cent concentration in Tris-glucose bound extender could be a better alternative to egg yolk for cryopreservation of canine semen as morphological, functional and ultra-structural damages induced by cryopreservation are minimal.ThesisItem Restricted SPIDERPLASTY AND BOW-TIE TENSION RELIEVING SUTURE TECHNIQUES FOR LARGE SKIN DEFECTS IN DOGS(2021) Noyingbeni Odyuo; TANUVAS; Gokulakrishnan M; Nagarajan L; Kannan TAThe research study was undertaken in twelve canines that were presented to the Small Animal Out-Patient Surgery Unit of Madras Veterinary College Hospital with large cutaneous wounds. The dogs were divided into two study groups of six animals each, viz. Group I (Spiderplasty technique) and Group II (Bow-tie technique) after careful consideration of the inclusive and exclusive wound criterion. Both groups were subjected to pre-operative and post-operative parameter study. Pre-operative parameters included subjective wound evaluation (Colour, Odour and Exudate) and wound planimetry, which were assessed on days 0, 3 and 7. Post-operative parameters included subjective wound evaluation (Colour, Odour and Exudate), Bacteriological examination, Histological evaluation and Colour flow floppier ultrasonography. Post-operative pain scoring and assessment of post-surgical complications were also additionally evaluated in all cases. Except Bacteriological examination, which was performed on day post-operatively, all other post-operative parameters were evaluated on days 3, 7 and 14 after surgical intervention. All cases selected for the study were determined to be chronic contaminated or infected wounds through subjective wound evaluation. Hence, the wounds were initially managed through conventional wound care methods that included routine wound lavaging, debridement, wound dressings and bandages. This ensued till the wounds presented a healthy wound bed granulation to enable secondary closure. Wound planimetry was one of the major parameters considered as the study required reconstruction of large wounds that would be difficult to close in simple apposition. Wounds >10cm2 were subjectively determined to be large wounds and hence used for the study. The two tension relieving techniques under the study were Spiderplasty and Bow-tie. Both techniques demonstrated appreciable results in terms of tension free surgical closure of large wounds, with no formation of dog-ears at the suture ends. Bacteriological examination was performed on day post-operatively for all the animals to determine an appropriate antibiotic therapy. Histopathological evaluation was performed on the 3”*, 7* and 14* day post- operatively. The tissues were collected with a 3 mm punch biopsy and stained with Masson’s Trichrome Stain, after which Histological grading was done for parameters such as acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, granulation tissue density, granulation tissue maturation, re-epithelialisation and neovascularisation. Colour Flow Doppler Ultrasound was performed on post-operative days 3, 7 and 14, to determine adequate tissue perfusion which was vital for a healthy skin flap uptake. The surgical wound along with the peri-wound area was assessed and the time taken to visualize blood vessels was graded as high, moderate and low. The post-operative pain assessment was noted on days 3, 7 and 14. All the animals were clinically assessed for any signs of pain or discomfort inferred from the Glasgow CMPS-SF pain scoring module which assessed 6 behavioural signs of the animal, i.e., vocalisation, attention to wound, mobility, response to touch, demeanour and posture/activity. All the wounds were carefully evaluated for any post-operative complications. Both Spiderplasty and Bow-tie techniques exhibited certain advantages and disadvantages pertaining to wound reconstruction under clinical settings. The Spiderplasty technique consumed more time, required more surgical expertise and had slightly lower cost efficiency ratio. It could however be better utilised to close wounds located in confined anatomical areas, as compared to the Bow-tie procedure which was limited by its requirement to resect 36% of adjacent normal tissue. The Bow-tie procedure was however, easier to perform and required less surgical time as compared to the Spiderplasty procedure.