Browsing by Author "Kamatar, M.Y."
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Diversity Studies for Durable Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Shalini D.N.; Kamatar, M.Y.Leaf rust is the major disease which causes much yield losses to wheat crop worldwide. Genetic resistance is the most economical and effective method for the control of the disease. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken during rabi 2015-16 in Dharwad under both natural and epiphytotic conditions using 500 genotypes to know the extent of disease development. The 500 genotypes were screened for presence of slow rusting genes in laboratory. Of the 500 genotypes, 9.8 per cent had Lr34 gene, 20.6 per cent had Lr46, 22 per cent had Lr68 and 3.8 per cent had Lr67. The 500 genotypes were evaluated under field condition indicate the presence of 57 slow rusting genotypes. Three gene combination of Lr34, Lr46 and Lr68 was observed in UP 262 whereas HYB 65 carried other combination of Lr46, Lr68 and Lr67. Combination of Lr34+Lr46+Lr68 produced higher yield than Lr46+Lr68+Lr67 which can be utilized in durable resistance breeding. Tetraploid wheat and hexaploid wheat genotypes were grouped separately into eight and thirteen clusters respectively using K-means cluster analysis. Cluster V of tetraploid genotypes recorded highest cluster mean values for thousand grain weight (43.93 g) and grain yield (81.30 g) whereas in hexaploid genotypes cluster VI recorded highest cluster mean values for thousand grain weight (39.2 g) and cluster III recorded highest grain yield (87.02 g) which suggested that genotypes from these clusters can be used to get superior segregants for these traits. Number of seeds per spike and grain yield recorded high heritability estimates in hexaploid genotypes whereas in tetraploid genotypes days to flowering, spike length, thousand grain weight and grain yield recorded high heritability coupled with high GAM in both natural and epiphytotic conditions indicating presence of additive gene action which helps in deciding the scope of improvement through selection for the development of superior varieties.ArticleItem Open Access Genetic enhancement of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for grain mould resistance: II. Breeding for grain mould resistance(2011) Ambekar, S.S.; Kamatar, M.Y.; Ganesamurthy, K.; Ghorade, R.B.; Sexena, Usha; Jadav, B.D.; Das, I.K.; Nageshwararao, T.G.; Audilakshmi, S.; Seetharamah, N.Grain mould causes qualitative and quantitative loss to grain in sorghum. Grain mould resistance is a complex problem as grain mould is caused by complex of fungi and the resistance is governed by many traits. Breeding efforts during the last 3 decades to develop grain mould resistance in high yielding genotypes have not paid many dividends.We developed a strategy to breed for grain mould resistance in high yielding back ground. Twenty five crosses between elite lines and grain mould resistant genetic stocks (susceptible resistant/moderately resistant and moderately resistant resistant crosses) were evaluated in F1, and derivatives performing superiorly for grain mould resistance in F2eF4 at physiological maturity were advanced. The early generation material F2s (10) and F3s (125) in 6 locations (representing rainy-season-sorghum growing 6 states of India where grain mould is one of the major biotic stresses), and later generations F4s and F5s in 3 locations (one location, Parbhani is a hot spot for grain moulds and 2 locations, Hyderabad and Coimbatore in epiphytotic conditions) were evaluated. Only 25 selections out of 384 derivatives in F4 were superior over locations for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity and harvest maturity (Our simultaneous studies in RILs for grain mould resistance across years and locations have shown that the variation obtained for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity is genetically governed and the grain mould score further gets compounded at harvest maturity dependinon rainfall received after physiological maturity). These superior lines were advanced and further evaluated in F5 and F6 for grain mould resistance and grain yield. During 2007, out of 25 F5 derivatives, 12 were on par (scored 3.1e4.4) with resistant check, B 58586 (3.2 score) where as susceptible check, 296 B registered a score of 7.5. GMN nos. 41, 52, 59, and 63 performed on par with resistant check, B 58586 for grain mould resistance over 9 environments. Since we selected for grain mould resistance in early generations at physiological maturity in multi-locations, we could identify superior lines for grain mould resistance. Most of these lines are high yielding and on par with elite check, C43 for grain yield. These lines are distinct for DUS testing traits from grain mould resistant check, B 58586.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of Resistance to Anthracnose in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-12) Rajaput, Sanjeevsingh; Kamatar, M.Y.The present study was undertaken in chilli crop at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Dharwad during 2013-15 to study the inheritance pattern for anthracnose disease resistance in the two crosses derived from Byadgi Kaddi and two resistant lines GPM 288-1 and GPM 302-1. Further variability, character association and genetics of yield and component traits were studied. Efforts were also made to demonstrate breeding possibilities of using interspecific hybridization between Capsicum chinense and Capsicum annuum. Segregation pattern in the F2 exhibited ratio of 1:3, indicating that anthracnose disease resistance is governed by single recessive gene, which was further confirmed by segregation ratio of 1:1 in B1 backcross population. The F3 families showing resistance needs to be advanced to further generations to develop inbreed lines with anthracnose disease resistance. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance over means was observed for plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of fruits and dry fruit yield per plant in both the populations. In Byadgi Kaddi GPM 288-1 and Byadgi Kaddi GPM 302-1 populations, association of number of fruits per plant and fruit pericarp weight with dry fruit yield per plant was highly positive and significant. Higher estimates for colour, oleoresin and capsaicin content in all F3 lines were noticed. The F1 seeds of cross of C. chinense × C. annuum were incompatible as their hybrid expressed hybrid weakness such as VLS (virus-like syndrome). The presence of significant dominance dominance type of gene interaction for most of the traits studied indicated that these traits can be utilized in the exploitation of heterosis.ThesisItem Open Access Stability Analysis for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Malipatil, Ramanagouda; Kamatar, M.Y.Thirty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated to determine the stable performance for grain yield in relation with nitrogen use efficiency at four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/) application across the three environments viz., Dharwad, Nippani and Ugar during rabi, 2015-16. Stability model Additive Main Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) showed significant differences among the genotypes, environment and genotype x environment interaction. Genotype x environment interaction further partitioned into principal component analysis 1 which was significant. Mean grain yield across the different levels of nitrogen indicated that grain yield increased from 2,485 kg/ha to 3,704 kg/ha with increase in nitrogen application from 50 kg/ha to 100 kg/ha but decreased at 150 kg/ha nitrogen. The mean nitrogen use efficiency increased from zero nitrogen level (14.94) to 50 kg/ha nitrogen (15.27) application then decreased with the increased application of nitrogen from 50 kg/ha to 150 kg/ha. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated that following genotypes were superior for grain yield with nitrogen use efficiency and were stable across the three environments at different levels of nitrogen application: Zero level: DBW 14, Third SATYN 9402, and Second WYCYT 34 50 kg/ha: WH 1022, Third SATYN 9402, Fifth CISA HTEM 10211 and Second WYCYT 34 100 kg/ha: Fifth CISA HTEM 10211 and Fifth CISA HTEM 10212 150 kg/ha: Fifth CSISA HTEM 10228, Fifth CISAHTEM 10211, HD 2189 and HD 2967. Ugar environment was better for expression of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. These identified stable genotypes can be used as donor parents for transferring high yield with high nitrogen use efficiency to the locally well adapted varieties.