Browsing by Author "Izhar, Tajwar"
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ThesisItem Open Access CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS STUDIES IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2008) Izhar, Tajwar; Kumar, NirajRice is a staple food crop of India, providing 43% of calorie requirement for more than 70% of Indian population. India is the second largest country after China, wich has deployed hybrid rice technology on a commercial scale. According to preliminary estimates approximately 1.0 million ha rice area has been planted to hybrids, which is likely to add an additional 1 million tons of paddy rice to our food basket. The present investigation was conducted at crop Research Centre, Kanke, Ranchi under Birsa Agricultural University during Kharif 2007 under rainfed condition. The experimental design was RBD having three replications. The variability, correlation and path analysis studies were done in sixteen genotypes of rice including two high yielding varieties as checks for twelve quantitative characters and three diseases of rice. The analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences among all the characters except number of productive tillers per plant which was significant only at 5 % level. The mean table revealed that the seven entries, viz. PHB-71, PA-27P77, PA-25P25, US-312, PA-6444, EURO-9 and NPH-207 were statistically superior to the best check, IR-64 in grain yield (q/ha) and were found at par with each other. The characters, viz. number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of sterile spikelets per panicle, number of panicles per m2 and days to 50% flowering showed wide range of variability. The high values of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were observed for false smut, number of sterile spikelets per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance were found for the characters,viz. number of spikelets per panicle, number of sterile spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and false smut. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield (q/ha) was positively and highly significantly associated with days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of panicles per m2, number of spikelets per panicle and number of filled grains per panicle, while negative and highly significant correlation was observed for thousand grain weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters, viz. days to 50% flowering, number of productive tillers per plant, number of panicles per m2, number of spikelets per panicle, false smut and brown spot had positive, direct effect towards grain yield while thousand grain weight showed negative direct effect. The result obtained in the present investigation indicated that the characters, viz. days to 50% flowering, number of productive tillers per plant, number of panicles per m2, number of spikelets per panicle and number of filled grains per panicle were yield contributing characters in hybrid rice and may be utilized for further selection. These characters were correlated positively and significantly with grain yield and also had high value of heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as percent of mean. Out of the seven entries which were found statistically superior genotype, PHB-71 gave the highest yield potential (61.12 q/ha) along with less infestation of diseases.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION OF HYBRIDS FOR BABY CORN, GREEN EAR, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Izhar, Tajwar; Chakraborty, ManigopaTwelve inbred lines and five testers were utilized in making sixty crosses in a line × tester analysis for evaluation of maize hybrids with regard to baby corn, green ear and yield parameters along with their quality attributes. The parental lines along with their standard checks were evaluated in three different experiments viz., normal maize hybrid trial, baby corn trial and green ear trial. These sixty hybrids and seventeen inbreds along with three checks in both normal maize hybrid trial and green ear trial while two checks in baby corn trial were evaluated in a randomized block design in two environments in kharif 2010 and rabi 2010-11. The crop was evaluated for grain yield and green ear traits in one experiment and for baby corn in other experiment separately in the neighbouring plots in the same season and were managed in similar way for both environment-1 and environment-2. Observations were recorded for twenty three characters in normal maize hybrids, twenty one characters in baby corn and fourteen characters in green ear over three replications. The mean observations data were used for analysis of variance, combining ability analysis through L×T mating design over environments and heterosis estimation. Eighteen, fourteen and seven quantitative characters were studied for normal maize hybrids, baby corn and green ear trials respectively in two different environments while four qualitative characters and one disease parameter for BLSB and seven qualitative characters for both baby corn and green ear were studied in single environment. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters in all the three experiments. Genotype × environment interactions were also found significant for all the characters under study. For qualitative characters and disease reaction, the parental lines and their F1s were also found significant for all the characters. The estimated variance components of combining ability analysis revealed that the magnitude of sca variance was higher than that of gca variance for all the characters studied which indicated the predominant role of dominance gene action. The parental lines, BQPM-2 and BQPM-4 showed highly significant positive gca effect for yield characters in environment-1, environment-2 and pooled for baby corn, green ear and grain yield characters. In case of testers, BAUIM-2 for both grain yield and green ear traits while CM 150 for baby corn exhibited highly significant positive gca effect for yield characters in environment-1, environment-2 and pooled. The cross, BAUIM-4×HKI-163 for both grain yield and green ear while the cross BAUIM- 1×BAUIM-2 for baby corn revealed highly significant positive sca effect for yield characters in environment-1, environment-2 as well as pooled. The cross, BQPM-2×BAUIM-2 for grain yield and baby corn while the crosses, BQPM-2×HKI 193-1 and CML 161×BAUIM-2 for green ear expressed maximum positive heterosis over all the checks for yield characters. The crosses, BAUIM-3×BAUIM-2, BAUIM-1×BAUIM-2 and BQPM-2×BAUIM-2 were found to be significantly superior to the check HQPM-1 for disease scoring against BLSB in normal maize hybrids. The crosses, BQPM-2×BAUIM-2, BQPM-4×K-1105 and BAUIM-4×HKI-163 exhibited best quality parameters for all the traits observed in the present study like, protein content, typtophan content, lysine content and starch content in normal maize hybrids while moisture content, calcium content, iron content, phosphorus content, sugar content, crude fibre content and dry ash content in baby corn and green ear.