Browsing by Author "Harwinder Singh"
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ThesisItem Restricted Etiology and management of pod rot of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Harwinder Singh; Amarjit SinghMungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the most important pulse crops cultivated in three different seasons, viz., kharif, rabi and summer. However, it is prone to large number of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens which cause various diseases. Pod rot of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] has been emerged as serious disease problem in Punjab and adjoining states in the recent years. The disease appears as discoloration of pods simultaneously with other symptoms such as rotting, shrivling, softening and rotting of seeds in mungbean particularly in the Kharif season crop. The occurance of pod rot was observed in varying intensities on different cultivars in different districts of Punjab. Among the seven districts, the maximum disease incidence i.e. 55.59 per cent was found in Ludhiana followed by Gurdaspur (53.91%), Faridkot (52.06%), whereas the minimum disease incidence of 15.76 per cent was found in Moga. The pathogens associated with syndromes of pod rot were identified as Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium chlamydosporum through morphological as well as molecular characterization by using ITS and EF1/EF2 primers. Pathogenicity of the isolated organisms was established through Koch’s Postulates. Temperature ranges of 2535oC and pH range of 5.5-7.5 were found more conducive for the growth of F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum as well as the pod rot disease development. Sucrose as carbon source whereas Potassium nitrate as nitrogen source was found to be more supportive for the growth of both the pathogens. Among the tested media, four i.e., Potato dextrose gar, Czapek’s dox agar, Richard’s agar, oat agar were found more supportive for the colony growth of both pathogens. Out of the seventy five mutant genotypes of mungbean screened against the pod rot under natural epiphytotic conditions, only ML 2524 showed the Resistant (R) reaction whereas forty one showed moderately resistance (MR), twenty four moderately susceptible (MS) whereas nine showed susceptible (S) reaction to pod rot disease. A combination of Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole (75% WG) @ 0.07 per cent followed by tebuconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 per cent were proved to be most effective under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated management of root knot nematode in cucumber cultivation(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Harwinder Singh; Dhillon, Narpinderjeet KaurABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an economically important crop grown in open as well as in protected cultivation. More and more farmers in Punjab are opting for cucumber cultivation in protected structures. Root knot nematodes have been reported to be associated with cucumber worldwide. The present studies were conducted to know its incidence and severity in polyhouses and open cultivation as well as its management in infested soils. Forty five polyhouses were surveyed from five districts of Punjab viz a viz Ludhiana, Patiala, Bathinda, Sri Muktsar Sahib and Ferozepur. Of these thirty one polyhouses were found to be infested (Frequency of occurrence=68.68 percent). District wise maximum percent infested sites of root knot nematode were reported in Ludhiana (62.72 percent) followed by Ferozepur (50.00 percent), Patiala (39.13 percent), Bathinda (32.00 percent) and Sri Muktsar Sahib (30.00 percent). In open cultivation, thirty fields were surveyed, of which five were found to be infested with root knot nematode. Frequency of occurrence of root knot nematode in open cultivation of cucumber (16.66 percent) was comparatively less than polyhouses cultivation. Decreased infestations in fields were probably due to rotation with rice, fodder or garlic leading to low infestations in successive crop cucumber. The effect of five different inoculum levels of root knot nematode on two varieties of cucumber viz. Punjab Naveen and Pant Sanker revealed significant increase in soil and root population of nematode and decrease in growth parameters as increase in inoculum levels. Of the thirty genotypes of cucumber evaluated against root knot nematode, seven were found to be highly susceptible, twenty one susceptible and two as moderately susceptible. Studies on effect of three different chemicals revealed that Basamid @ 40 g/sqm significantly reduced M. incognita population. In studies on effectiveness of organic amendments and their integration with chemical, mustard cake @ 5 t/ha individually and its integration with Basamid (Basamid @ 20 g/sqm + Mustard cake @ 2.5 t/ha) were found to reduce nematode populations effectively.