Browsing by Author "Harsh Deep"
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of yield and yield components using North Carolina Design-III in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2022-03) Harsh Deep; Verma, S.K.Lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medikus), commonly known as 'masoor', is one of the major cool-season food legumes that plays an important role in providing food and nutritional security worldwide. Lentil crop is a boon for resource-poor farmers as it can be grown with minimum inputs and fetches a reasonable price in the market. However, in developing countries like India, the low productivity of lentil is the major impedence in achieving the objective of nutritional security. Currently, the major goal of lentil breeders is to develop high yielding and stable varieties across divergent environments. The present investigation was undertaken at Pulse Breeding Block of N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during rabi 2018-19; 2019-20 and 2020-21 crop season. The main objectives of the present study were to release new variability in the form of biparental progenies from promising inter-varietal crosses of lentil using North Carolina Design-III, to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and components traits, estimation G x E interaction and varietal stability using AMMI model and to study morphological and molecular diversity among lentil genotypes. Biparental progenies (BIPs) were developed from three different lentil crosses viz., PL 6 x PL 8; PL 6 x L 4147 and L 4147 x PL 7 as per North Carolina Design-III during the rabi season of 2018-19. Biparental progenies along with F2:3 progenies were evaluated in RBD during rabi 2019-20 crop season and data was recorded on 13 quantitative traits viz., number of days to 50 per cent flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, seed diameter (mm), 100-seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g) and Harvest index. The mean performance of biparental populations generated from segregating material of all three crosses was greater than the corresponding F3 generations for all the 13 characters except number of days to 50 per cent flowering and number of days to maturity in cross ‘PL 6 X PL 8’ and ‘PL 6 x L 4147’. Analysis of variance for NC-III mating design revealed a significant mean sum of squares for females in sets, males in sets and interaction in sets for all the traits studied except number of seeds per pod in all three crosses and number of pods per cluster in cross ‘PL 6 x PL 8’ and ‘PL 6 x L 4147’. These results indicated sufficient genetic variability in the experimental material for most of the traits. The genetic analysis of BIPs indicated the importance of both additive, as well as dominance variance for all the morphological traits. Estimates of dominance genetic variance were greater than the additive genetic variance for all the traits except 100-seed weight. Therefore, selection in early segregating generations to improve these traits may not be effective and should be delayed to later generations when most of the loci become homozygous. The G x E interaction and varietal stability of 30 elite lentil genotypes were estimated using the AMMI model and it was observed that the main effects (genotype and environment) and interaction effects (Genotype x Environment) were significant for all the 11 morphological traits. AMMI model having three principal components axis (IPCA I, IPCA II and IPCA III) is found as the best predictive model for traits number of days to 50 per cent flowering, number of days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant and number of pods per plant. Whereas, for the remaining traits, only two principal components i.e., IPCA I and IPCA II were significant and included in the model. Based on ASV and YSI statics PL 7 was identified as the most desirable genotype for seed yield concerning mean performance and stability across the environments. Mahalanobis D2 statics, grouped 68 genotypes of lentil into eight different clusters, indicating high genetic divergence among genotypes studied. Cluster I was the largest containing 39 genotypes, followed by Cluster IV (10 genotypes), Cluster VI (8 genotypes), and Cluster V (7 genotypes). Cluster II, III, VII, and VIII were the smallest, exhibiting only a single genotype. Based on inter-cluster distance genotypes present in Cluster V (PL 029, PL 15, LL875, PL 7, L4147, IPL321, & L4710) and Cluster VI (LL 1114, ILWL248, PL046, PL030, LL1374, LL-1122, IPL7107 & LL1208) were recognized as genetically most divergent. Therefore, these genotypes can be hybridized, and superior transgressive segregants can be obtained in segregating generations. Based on cluster means genotypes present in Cluster IV (IC207709, PL5, PL4, PL 056, PL 017, LL931, PL 010, PL 025, PL406 and L4188) and Cluster VIII (K 75) were identified as a potential donor to obtain superior recombinants concerning seed yield and its contributing traits. Molecular diversity among 38 elite lentil genotypes was carried out using 43 SSR markers. Twenty-two markers were found polymorphic and they amplified a total of 95 bands. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values of markers across the genotypes varied between 0.24 for marker SSR 207 to 0.75 for markers SSR 183 and SSR 317 with an average of 0.62 per locus. 15. The dendrogram analysis based on a similarity matrix classified the 38 lentil genotypes into seven distinct clusters. Cluster I was the largest cluster having 14 genotypes, followed by Cluster VI (11 genotypes), Cluster IV (5 genotypes), Cluster V (3 genotypes) and Cluster VII (3 genotypes). The lowest genetic similarity was found between genotype PL 406 and PL 8; PL 406 and PL 9; DPL 62 and IC 201798; IC 396889 and DPL 58. Therefore, hybridization among these genotypes can manifest heterosis and superior transgressive segregants. Most of the important cultivated varieties such as PL 406, DPL 62, PL 6, PL 4, DPL 58, DPL 15 and PL 7 grouped in Cluster I. These results indicated that important cultivars in lentil have a high level of genetic similarity and have a narrow genetic base.ThesisItem Open Access Principal component analysis for fodder yield and its related traits in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench](CCSHAU, 2018) Harsh Deep; Arya, SatyawanThe present investigation entitled “Principal component analysis for fodder yield and its related traits in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]” was carried out during Kharif season of 2017. The observations were recorded for 12 morphological (qualitative and quantitative) and eight quality parameters to assess the genetic diversity and character association in 73 forage sorghum genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed sufficient variability for all the 18 quantitative traits under study. The GCV and PCV estimates were high for plant height, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, HCN and copper content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for traits viz., green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, number of tillers per plant, plant height, leaf breadth, stem diameter, leaf: stem ratio, number of leaves per plant, HCN content, copper content, crude protein, TSS content, zinc content, copper content, manganese content and iron content.The Mahalanobis D2analysis grouped 73 forage sorghum genotypes into seven clusters. The inter cluster distance was observed maximum between cluster IV and cluster VII. Principal component analysis (PCA) transformed the original 18 interrelated variables into seven major principal components those explaining 69.79 per cent of total variation in the data. Varimax rotation enabled loading of all the traits on different principal factors. The first principal factor was closely associated with fodder yield and its contributing traits, whereas principal factor three and four showed high loading for quality parameters.