Browsing by Author "Hariharan, T"
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ArticleItem Open Access Bovine clinical mastitis and antibiotic resistance pattern in Tirupur district(2018) Arthanari Eswaran, M; Vadivoo, VS; Hariharan, T; TANUVASThe present investigation was undertaken to monitor antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacteria causing bovine clinical mastitis from 2015 to 2017 in Tirupur district. Out of 105 mastitis milk samples examined, 85 bacterial isolates were obtained. The isolates were identified according to the cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics as per standard methods. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods using different antibiotics. The predominant mastitis causing pathogens were Escherichia coli (40%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, (27%), Klebsiella pneumoinae (20%) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (13%). The highest and consistent sensitivity was recorded against Enrofloxacin (95.3%) followed by Gentamicin (92.1%) and Ciprofloxacin (89.2%) throughout the study period. The antibiotic resistance was recorded against Streptomycin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Oxytetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxyclav and Ceftriaxone (90.8% to 49.8%). The isolates showed high resistance towards Streptomycin (90.8%), Amoxycillin (81.6%) followed by Penicillin (76%), Oxytetracyclin (60.7%), Chloramphenicol (54.2%) and Amoxyclav (53.2%). The improper selection of antimicrobial drugs and overdose to reduce infection of mammary glands might lead to development of resistant bacteria. The present study showed that routine investigation, in-vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing and recording of epidemiology of bovine mastitis should be carried out to decide the appropriate antimicrobial drug for successful treatment of mastitis and thereby preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on phosphorus utilization and growth in broiler chicken(Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2003) Hariharan, T; KAU; Gangadevi, PAn investigation spread over a period of eight weeks was carried out to study the effect of citric acid and microbial phytase (Natuphos®-SOOOG) on nutrient utilization and growth performance in broiler chicken. One hundred and ninety two day-old broiler chicks (Ven cob) were divided into four identical groups having four replicates in each group with 12 birds in each replicate and allotted randomly into four dietary treatments viz., T1, T2, T3 and T4. The treatments consisted of a standard broiler ration (SBR) with O.S per cent available P (T1), low available P broiler ration having 0.3 per cent available P (LAPBR) and 3.0 per cent citric acid (T2), LAPBR supplemented with 700 U of phytase/kg feed (T3) and LAPBR with 1.5 per cent citric acid and 3S0 U of phytase/kg feed (T4). All the rations were formulated as per BIS specifications except in the level of available P. Effect on body weight, weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency, DM retention, nitrogen balance, mineral availability, serum and tibial mineral contents, processing yields and livability of birds were the criteria employed for evaluation. Body weight and weight gain of the experimental birds were significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. Maximum weight and weight gain were recorded in T4 followed by T2, T3 and Tl in the descending order, indicating the positive and synergistic effects of citric acid and phytase on phosphorus utilization and growth. Cumulative feed intake of experimental birds was significantly (Pgroups over the control, the highest feed intake being noticed in T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1. Cumulative FCR did not differ significantly (P>O.OS) between treatments. However, comparatively better feed efficiency was recorded in citric acid and phytase groups (T2, T3 and T4) at sixth week and comparable values at eighth week with the control group (Tl). Cumulative PER also showed similar trend in eight week with significantly high (Psignificantly, better DM retention, nitrogen balance, per cent retention and reduced nitrogen excretion were noticed in T2, T3 and T4 than Tl. Availability of P, Mg, Zn and Mn were enhanced (P>0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 by citric acid and phytase addition compared to Tl group on SBR. Mg and Mn availability were significantly influenced by dietary treatments with highest availability of Mg and Mn noticed in T3 (P<0.05) followed by T4, T2 and Tl. The excretion of P was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 on citric acid and for phytase supplementation. Weight of dried tibia was significantly high (P<0.05) in T4 followed by T2, T3 and Tl at sixth week. Per cent tibial ash at sixth and eighth week were also high (P>0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 compared to Tl on SBR which could indicate that citric acid and/or phytase favour P utilization and bone development. No significant difference \ could be noticed in tibial and serum Ca, P, Mg, Zn and Mn except for a significantly high . tibial Mg (P<0.05) in T4 and serum Zn (P<0.05) in T3 at sixth week. Serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly reduced (P . ., by T3, T2 and Tl. Birds of citric acid, phytase and combination group though maintained on low P diet registered no significant difference in per cent dressed yield, ready-to-cook yield, gib let yield, abdominal fat yield and livability, when compared to Tl fed on SBR. Regarding the cost of production as feed cost/kg gain, phytase group (T3) recorded the lowest due to high cost citric acid. Overall evaluation of the results of the present study revealed that inclusion of either 3.0 per cent citric acid or phytase (700U/kg feed) or its combination (1.5 per cent .citric acid + 350 U phytase/kg feed) in low available P diet (0.3 per cent) resulted in better nutrient utilization and growth performance in chicks than chicks maintained on SBR with 0,5 per cent available P; tending to suggest that available P level in the feed could be reduced by 40 per cent without affecting the performance and health of broiler chicks by dietary inclusion of citric acid and/or phytase.ArticleItem Open Access Incidence of Fowl Cholera in Desi Fowl Farms of Tirupur District(2018-08) Vadivoo, VS; Arthanari Eswaran, M; Hariharan, T; TANUVASDesi birds are often susceptible to fowl cholera, a serious, highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium, Pasteurella multocida. This study involves the diagnosis of fowl cholera by gross necropsy examination, isolation and identification of organism by culture and biochemical method. During the span of 8 months (from January 2017 to August 2017) six different flocks of adult desi chicken (with an average flock size of 70 birds per flock) were subjected to necropsy examination and a total of 30 carcasses were examined for diagnosis of the disease. Fowl cholera was confirmed in all six flocks by gross and microscopic examination and bacterial isolation by culture method and biochemical method. The women self help groups were advised to follow strict biosecurity and ethno veterinary practices for prevention and control of diseases.ArticleItem Open Access A Retrospective Study on the Prevalence of Infectious Diseases in Desi Fowls of Tirupur District, India(2020-06) Vadivoo, VS; Arthanarieswaran, M; Lakshmikantan, U; Hariharan, T; Mathivananan, R; TANUVASThis retrospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of common infectious disease that caused major mortality and economic loss in desi chicken farming in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu. Disease prevalence was studied in a total of 261 ailing or dead desi chicks that were presented for disease diagnosis to the Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tirupurbetween 2017 to 2019.Majority of desi birds were affected by Newcastle disease (ND) (27.59%) followed by Fowl cholera (16.86), Aspergillosis (8.42 %), Colibacillosis (7.66%), Coccidiosis (7.66%), Fowl pox (7.66 %), Heat stress (6.89 %), Worm infestation (5.36%) Respiratory infection (3.83)and Nutritional deficiency (3.06 %). Death due to Lymphoidleukosis (1.92 %), infectious bursal disease (0.77%), Mycoplasma (0.77 %), gout (0.77%) and Pecking (0.77%), was very minimum. Birds in the age group of 9-18 weeks showed high prevalence (44.06 %) of disease followed by the young chicks in the age group of 0-8 weeks (40.23 %). Adult birds more than 18 weeks of age were the least affected (15.71 %) in this study. Similarly the diseases were recorded frequently during summer (40.61%) followed by rainy (31.80%) and winter season (27.59%).Book chapterItem Open Access மலிவான கோழித்தீவனம் தயாரிக்க பயன்படுத்தப்படும் மாற்றுத்தீவனப்பொருட்கள்(TANUVAS, 2016) Hariharan, T; TANUVAS