Browsing by Author "Gurinder Singh"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of microbial consortium (Bio-fertilizer) on growth and nutrient uptake of Poplar clones in nursery(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Gurinder Singh; Avtar SinghThe present study “Effect of microbial consortium (Biofertilizer) on growth and nutrient uptake by poplar clones in nursery” was conducted in teaching area, Department of Forestry and Natural resources, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2015-2016. The influence of different doses of microbial consortium (biofertilizer) addition to nine different poplar clones in nursery on growth and nutrient uptake was studied. In present study different doses of biofertilizers showed the significant variation for collar diameter, leaf area, biomass accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration (%) except plant height and also revealed significant differences for accumulation of N, P and K. Study also revealed that the interaction between different doses of biofertilizers and clones shows the significant results for collar diameter, leaf area, plant height, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration(%) except in plant biomass. The application of microbial consortium (biofertilizers) increases the growth parameters, and nutrient uptake in plants. Application of microbial consortium resulted in enhanced growth for most of the characters and can be applied as alternative to chemical fertilizer for enhanced growth and better nutrient uptake in Populus deltoides plants.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of post-emergence herbicides on weed control in lawn (Cynodon Dactylon L.) Selection no. 1(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Gurinder Singh; Simrat SinghThe present study entitled “Effect of post-emergence herbicides on weed control in lawn (Cynodon dactylon L.) Selection No. 1” was conducted in established lawns at three different locations at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana campus during both winter and summer season of year 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 15 treatments replicated thrice. Fifteen treatments comprised isoproturon (0.937 kg ha-1), mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (0.014 kg ha-1, clodinafop + metribuzin (0.216 kg ha-1), 2,4-D amine (0.500 kg ha-1), bispyribac sodium (0.025 kg ha-1) metribuzin (0.120 kg ha-1), metsulfuron (0.005 kg ha-1), carfentrazone-ethyl (0.020 kg ha-1), metsulfuron + carfentrazone- ethyl (0.025 kg ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (0.004 kg ha-1), ethoxysulfurin (0.018 kg ha-1), halosulfuron (0.050 kg ha-1), atrazine (1.000 kg ha-1) including two hand weedings (at 15 days interval) and un-weeded control. The results revealed that clodinafop + metribuzin (0.216 kg ha-1) reduced the weed density and dry weight of Digitaria sanguinalis and Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Isoproturon (0.937 kg ha-1) provided complete control of Poa annua whereas bispyribac sodium (0.025 kg ha-1) was found effective against Dicanthium annulatum upto 60 days after spray (DAS). Weed density and dry weight of Paspalum dilatatum weed was markedly reduced by mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (0.014 kg ha-1). Metsulfuron + carfentrazone-ethyl (0.025 kg ha-1) provided complete control of broadleaf weeds (Gnaphalium purpureum, Oxalis corniculata, Veronica agrestis, Desmodium triflorum, Coronopus didymus, Erigeron canadensis, Stellaria media, Boerhavia diffusa and Alysicarpus vaginalis) upto 60 DAS. Halosulfuron (0.050 kg ha-1) effectively controlled Cyperus rotundus upto 45 DAS. Metsulfuron + carfentrazone-ethyl (0.025 kg ha-1) (85.5%) recorded highest weed control efficiency (WCE) in winter season whereas clodinafop + metribuzin (0.216 kg ha-1) (46.2 %) and bispyribac sodium (0.025 kg ha-1) (43.5 %) recorded highest WCE in summer season. Sward height and dry weight of turfgrass was found negatively correlated with the weed density. Turfgrass phytotoxicity was observed in clodinafop + metribuzin (0.216 kg ha-1) however, the grass recovered after 35 DAS in winter season, whereas in summer season, no phytotoxicity symptoms appeared. Turfgrass colour rating of eight was adjudged at all the locations during both the seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Formation and characterization of Apium graveolens L. nanoemulsion and it's herbicidal potential(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Gurinder Singh; Pervinder KaurEssential oil based bioherbicides are topic of interest for the new era agriculture because of their sustainable use in the control of weeds. The present study aims to formulate nanoemulsion of celery (Apium graveolens L.) essential oil (EO) and evaluate its herbicidal activity against Phalaris minor Retz. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu. Chemical composition of EO from seeds A graveolens showed presence of thirty-seven compounds amongst which limonene (76.95%) was the major compound. Nanoemulsions were fabricated by high frequency ultrasonic method and phase diagram was mapped and optimum O/W formulations were selected. The physicochemical properties recorded for nanoemulsion indicated their O/W and isotropic nature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zavg indicated spherical nature of droplet with average size to be > 21 nm. The prepared formulations were stable to storage and centrifugation. Formulated emulsion and nanoemulsions having 0.05% and 0.1% A. graveolens EO completely inhibited the germination of P. minor and A. ludoviciana by adversely affecting the physiological processes like seed imbibition and membrane leakage mediated cellular damage without having adverse effect on Triticum aestivum.