Browsing by Author "Gupta, Monika"
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ThesisItem Open Access Anatomical aspects of fruit drop in mandarin cv. Kinnow (C. nobilis Loureiro X C. deliciosa Tenore)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sidakmeet Singh; Gupta, MonikaThe present study entitled “ Anatomical aspects of fruit drop in mandarin cv. Kinnow (C. nobilis Loureiro X C. deliciosa Tenore) was conducted in the College Orchard and laboratories, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2019-2020. It consisted of two experiments, viz., to study the anatomical and biochemical dynamics occur during fruit drop and to evaluate new chemicals for effective control of fruit drop in Kinnow mandarin. The length, girth and weight of fruit stalk, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars and minerals were recorded to be significantly higher in non-abscised fruits as compared to the stalk of abscised fruits in May and October during the year 2019. Lower activity of cell wall degrading enzymes was recorded in non-abscised fruit stalks as compared to abscised fruit stalks. Absence of abscission zone, thick xylem vessels and reduced pith were observed in the sections of nonabscised fruit stalks; probably are the reasons for healthy fruit stalks in non-abscised fruits. Foliar application with different combinations of fungicides and plant growth regulators were given to the trees to reduce the fruit drop and increase the fruit yield. Fruit set per cent was found to be non-significant among different treatments. According to periodic fruit drop data, it was found to be maximum in the month of May followed by in June. The foliar application of 10 ppm 2,4-D sodium salt and 0.1% Azoxystrobin (18.2%)+Difenoconazole (11.4%) was found to be significantly superior to reduce the fruit drop and increase the fruit yield and to improve other quality parameters (TSS, acidity, vitamin C, flavonoids, phenols and C/N ratio). Maximum fruit weight (185.10 g/fruit), length (6.59 cm) and diameter (7.36) were observed in the fruits picked from trees given the foliar spray of 10 ppm 2,4-D sodium salt and 0.2% Carbendazin (12%)+Mancozeb(63%). Thus, it may be concluded that treatment with 10 ppm 2,4-D sodium salt and 0.1% Azoxystrobin (18.2%)+Difenoconazole (11.4%) was the most effective in controlling the fruit drop and enhance the fruit quality in Kinnow mandarin.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of dairy farming in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 1992) Gupta, Monika; Chauhan, S.K.ThesisItem Embargo Evaluation of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) germplasm under subtropical conditions(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Arshnoordeep Kaur; Gupta, MonikaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) germplasm under subtropical conditions” was undertaken at Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2020-21 & 2021-22. It consisted of three experiments viz., to evaluate cape gooseberry Varieties under subtropical conditions of Punjab, phenological studies of cape gooseberry and investigating the effect of different mulches on yield and quality attributes of cape gooseberry var. „Jabalpur Oblong‟. Five cape gooseberry Varieties viz. „Naandhar‟, „Banglora‟, „Jabalpur Oblong‟, „Jabalpur Round‟ and „Gaya‟, were characterized under Ludhiana (Punjab) agro-climatic conditions. The seeds of cape gooseberry were sown in the third week of July and transplanted in the first week of September on raised beds at spacing 0.75 × 0.60 m. A wide range of variability among different cultivars was observed in vegetative, flowering and fruit characters. The maximum plant height was reported in „Naandhar‟ (114.47 cm) followed by „Jabalpur Oblong‟ (99.96 cm). The maximum plant spread in East-West (92.50 cm) and North-South (86.65 cm) directions was noted in „Jabalpur Oblong‟. The yield and fruit quality attributes were significantly higher in „Jabalpur Oblong‟ than other Varieties followed by „Banglora‟. The flowering in cape gooseberry plantsinitiated after 65-70 days after transplanting, 85-90 days for fruit development and 170-180 days for fruit ripening. Mulching with black polythene considerably improved the physico-chemical characteristics as compared to white and paddy straw mulch. It is concluded that black mulch substantially enhanced fruit yield contributing attributes under subtropical climatic conditions of north India. From the studies, it may be concluded that cape gooseberry cv. „Jabalpur Oblong‟ and „Banglora‟ were found superior under Punjab conditions in terms of yield attributes and biochemical characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) varieties for storage characters under Punjab conditions.(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Varinder; Gupta, MonikaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) varieties for storage characters under Punjab conditions” was carried out at Department of Fruit science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2017-18. The fresh fruits of mandarin varieties; Daisy, Darjeeling mandarin, Fortune, Fremont, Khasi mandarin, Kinnow, Mudhkhed seedless, Nagpur mandarin, Okitsu wase and W Murcott were coated with Citrashine wax, and Citrashine wax along with potassium sorbate (60 g Potassium sorbate in 1000ml wax). The treated fruits were stored under ambient conditions for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes of standard size i.e. 45 x 23 x 18 cm. The observations on various physical and chemical parameters were recorded at different storage intervals. Among different genotypes Kinnow, Daisy, Mudhkhed and Fortune has been found to be promising to retain the fruit physical parameters up to 21 days under ambient conditions of storage. The highest retention in colour parameters was observed in Mudhkhed and Nagpur. The highest organoleptic rating was observed in Daisy followed by Kinnow. The maximum retention in TSS was recorded in Okitsu wase whereas acidity was retained by Daisy. However, minimum change in TSS: acid ratio was noticed in Kinnow. Maximum retention of vitamin C content was recorded in Darjeeling. The W Murcott, Okitsu wase and Darjeeling were found to be more effective in retention of fruit sugar content. The maximum retention of flavonoid content was recorded in Nagpur. Physiological weight loss of fruits increased with prolongation of storage interval. However, mandarin fruits treated with Citrashine wax along with potassium sorbate recorded significantly lower physiological weight loss up to 21 days of storage under ambient conditions. Similarly, TSS, rag percentage, reducing sugars and total sugars reported to be increased with increase in storage period. Declining trend was observed in organoleptic rating, peel percentage, acidity, TSS: acid ratio, vitamin C, non-reducing sugars and flavonoid content of fruits; however, fruits treated with Citrashine wax along with potassium sorbate recorded significantly less decline as compared to other treatments. Fruit colour and seed characters were not affected by treatments as well as storage. During ambient storage, Citrashine wax along with potassium sorbate was found to be most effective treatment in enhancing shelf life of mandarin fruits with acceptable quality up to 21 days of storage.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on morphological characterization of sweet orange germplasm(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sunaiana; Gupta, MonikaThe present investigation entitled “Studies on morphological characterization of sweet orange germplasm” was carried out during 2016-17 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Eight sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) genotypes were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative characters based on IPGRI descriptors. These genotypes were studied for vegetative characters (tree and leaf), flowers, fruits and seed characters. Scion trunk surface, tree shape, branch angle, shoot tip surface, shoot tip colour, vegetative life cycle, leaf division, intensity of green colour, leaf lamina attachment were similar for all the genotypes. Variability was recorded among quantitative characters. Maximum rootstock diameter, leaf lamina length and width were recorded in Kodour Sathgudi (126.29 mm), Shamouti (124.51 mm and 77.71 mm) respectively. Pollen viability was maximum in Mosambi (77.17 %) followed by Phule Mosambi (68.94%) and M-4 (58.23%). Bold seed number per fruit was recorded minimum in Blood Red (7.00) followed by M-8 (9.00) and Phule Mosambi (14.25). The main flowering season was ambe bahar (March) and longest flowering duration was recorded in Phule Mosambi (31 days). Fruit count per tree was recorded highest in M-4 (164) followed by Phule Mosambi (158). Fruit yield was recorded maximum in M-4 (28.66 kg/tree) followed by Phule Mosambi (26.10 Kg/tree) and Blood Red (25.40 Kg/tree). Juice percentage was highest in M-4 (43.60%). TSS:acid ratio was highest in Mosambi (28.74) followed by Phule Mosambi (23.12). Dendrogram illustrating genetic relationship among eight sweet orange genotypes was generated based on morphological traits and genotypes were clustered into Cluster-I (M4), Cluster-II (Mosambi, M-8 and Phule Mosambi) and Cluster III (Kodour Sathgudi, M-3, Shamouti and Blood Red).On the basis of qualitative and quantitative characters M-4 and Phule Mosambi could be suitable cultivars for cultivation under Punjab conditions.ThesisItem Open Access USE OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND GENOMIC TOOLS TO STUDY MIDGE RESISTANCE GENE Gm-5 IN RICE(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur (c.g), 2006-02) Gupta, Monika; Katiyar, S.K.; Shrivastava, S.K.; Geda, A.K.; Saxena, R.R.; Jha, ZenuUSE OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND GENOMIC TOOLS TO STUDY MIDGE RESISTANCE GENE Gm-5 IN RICE