Browsing by Author "Garima"
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ThesisItem Restricted Foliar nitrogen application under reduced sunlight intensity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Garima; Sandhu, Sandeep SinghThe study entitled, “Foliar nitrogen application under reduced sunlight intensity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bahowal, Hoshiarpur. The soil of experimental field was loamy sand in texture at both the locations, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at Ludhiana, high in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorous and potassium at Hoshiarpur. The soil was normal in reaction at both the locations. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The 20 treatment combinations comprised of four levels of sunlight intensity (control, 50% reduction in sunlight light intensity from 15-45, 46-75 and 76-105 DAT) and five levels of foliar nitrogen application (control, spray of 3% urea before, midway, afterwards and midway-afterwards the reduction in sunlight intensity). Sunlight intensity was reduced by covering the plots from top (leaving the sides open) with green shade net capable of reducing 50% sunlight intensity. The shade net was placed with the help of GI pipe structures specially prepared for this purpose. Rice variety used in the experiment was PR 122. At harvest, the growth parameters like plant height was significantly increased when sunlight intensity was reduced from 46-75 DAT as compared to control and other parameters like number of tillers m-2 and dry matter accumulation were significantly decreased at harvest when sunlight intensity was reduced from 46-75 DAT as compared to control at both the locations. Maximum reduction in the yield attributes like number of effective tillers m-2, panicle length and number of grains panicle-1 was also observed when there was reduction in sunlight intensity from 46-75 DAT as compared to full sunlight intensity at both the locations. Significantly lowest grain yield (48.70 and 53.44 q ha-1 at Ludhiana and Hoshiarpur, respectively) as compared to other levels of the treatment was recorded with the reduction in sunlight intensity during 46-75 DAT. Reduction in sunlight intensity during any period caused a significant increase in chlorophyll content and minimum cooking time of milled rice, while it significantly decreased the elongation ratio of milled rice as compared to control. All other quality parameters were observed to vary statistically non-significantly with the reduction in the sunlight intensity. The application of foliar nitrogen before the reduction in the sunlight intensity recorded the highest values of growth parameters, yield attributes, grain and biological yield, chlorophyll content and the minimum cooking time of rice.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on Cephaleuros virescens Kunze causing red rust of litchi”(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-01) Garima; Jarial, KumudThe present investigation entitled ―Studies on Cephaleuros virescens Kunze causing red rust of litchi‖ was undertaken to record the prevalence of the disease, cultural and epidemiological aspects of the pathogen and management of the disease. Red rust of litchi was prevalent in mild to severe form at various locations in five districts (Hamirpur, Una, Kangra, Chamba and Mandi) surveyed in Himachal Pradesh. Disease incidence was found to be ranging from 0 to 35.47 per cent with disease severity 0 to 47.79 per cent. Maximum incidence and severity of disease was recorded at Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra. The pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as Cephaleuros virescens. Pathogenicity of the isolated pathogen was proved by inoculating healthy litchi leaves with culture of pathogen consisting of zoosporangia and the symptoms appeared after 2 weeks of second inoculation. Out of six nutrient media tested, agarized host leaf extract medium was found to be best for growth of C. virescens. Gametangia like bodies were visualized in the culture. Temperature of 25℃ and pH 8.5 incubated under 12 h photoperiod was found to be optimum for the growth of pathogen. Temperature 32℃ and relative humidity 100 per cent was found to be optimum for symptom development under artificial inoculation conditions. Captan, mancozeb, CabrioTop®, hexaconazole and propiconazole resulted in cent per cent inhibition of alga.