Browsing by Author "Dehuri, Manaswini"
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ThesisItem Open Access Anthelmintic Resistance of Haemonchus contortus to Benzimidazoles in sheep breeds of Odisha(Department of veterinary Parasitology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Kumar, Pankaj; Mohanty, Bijayendranath; Kundu, Akshaya Kumar; Dash, Susant Kumar; Behera, Prakash Chandra; Panda, Susen Kumar; Dehuri, ManaswiniAim: The present research studies entitled “Anthelmintic Resistance of Haemonchus contortus to Benzimidazoles in sheep breeds of Odisha”was undertaken with the objectives to study the Gastro intestinal nematodes in sheep breeds of Odisha across breed, sex, age and season; Anthelminthic treatment practices for sheep in Odisha and anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus in sheep to benzimidazoles Materials and Methods: Qualitative (by Faecal egg concentration techniques) and quantitative examination (by McMasters technique) of a total of 701 dung samples collected from different sheep breeds of Odisha (Kendrapada, Ganjam and Balangir & non-descript) were collected and examined over a period of one year (January 2019 to December 2019). Gastrointestinal tracts of 87 slaughtered sheep were also examined for recovery and further identification of adult parasites following standard parasitological protocols. A questionnaire based survey on anthelmintic practices in the native tracts of Kendrapada, Ganjam and Balangir breeds of sheep was carried out involving field Veterinarians, Paravets and sheep farmers. Studies on status of anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus were undertaken by in vivo test (Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test), in-vitro test (Egg Hatch Test) and Molecular test (Allele Specific-Polymerase Chain Reaction). The data generated were analysed employing standard statistical analysis tools (ANOVA, Chi-square test) with the help of SPSS 21.0 Software. Results:An overall 61.2% copro-prevalence of G I nematodes were recorded from sheep breeds of Odisha. Amongst the different breeds, highest prevalence was observed in non descript (39.9%), followed by Balangir (20.7%), Ganjam (20.5%) and lowest in Kendrapada sheep (18.9%). Highest intensity of Strongyle ova was recorded in Balangir sheep while lowest in Kendrapada sheep. Female sheep and, sheep in age group of 6-12months recorded higher infection over males and other age groups respectively. Higher prevalence of GI nematode and EPG were recorded in monsoon season, followed by summer and winter. Coproculture showed Haemonchus contortus as thepredominant species, followed by Trichostrongylus spp, Oesophagostomum spp and Strongyloides spp. Intensity of adult Haemonchus contortus collected from slaughtered sheep was found to be highest in Bolangir and lowest in Kendrapada sheep. Highest prevalence of Knob shape (36.45%) vulvar type of female Haemonchus contortus wererecorded followed by smooth shape (32.30%) and linguiform shape (30.64%) and among linguiform, highest percentage of linguiform B (51.69%) followed by Linguiform A (40.59%) and least in linguiform C (7.73%).Breed of sheep had no correlation with development of benzimidazole anthelmintic resistance.As per answer given by respondent (Vet/Paravet and Farmers) through questionnaire, there was indiscrimate use of benzimidazoles to treat GI parasitic infestation.In home tract of Kendrapada and Ganjam, benzimidazoles drugs were routinely practiced without consulting vets/paravets.. Other causes were mass deworming, lack of proper timing of deworming, lack of rotation of anthelmintic, improper dosing, etc.Benzimidazole resistantance was recorded in Kendrapada and Ganjam sheep while Balangir sheep were susceptible. Detection of Benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortusby molecular method indicated that 84.44% were converted to Heterozygous susceptable (rS) i.e. the borderline of susceptable gene frequency. Conclusions • Gastrointestinal nematodes were widely prevalent among all sheep breeds of Odisha with dominant population of Haemonchus contortus. • Kendrapadabreed might be less susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infectionwhich needs further studies in experimental animals. • There is emergence of benzimidazole resistant population of Haemonchus contortus in different sheep breeds except Balangir breed. • Higher composition of heterozygus susceptible population is a matter of concern which needs judicious use of benzimidazole anthelmintics and regular monitoring. Incorrect dosing based on visual estimation of body weight must be avoided.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of buparvaquone in reducing degree of parasitemia in Theileria spp affected cows(Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Sinha, Shraddha; Sahoo, Niranjana; Biswal, sangram; Dehuri, Manaswini; Jena, Partha SarathiTheileriosis is a haemoprotozoan illness that poses a severe economic loss to dairy farmers due to its negative impact on mortality and productivity, especially in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Keeping this in mind, the present study titled Efficacy of buparvaquone in reducing the degree of parasitemia in Theileria spp affected cows were carried out in the Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha during the period June 2020 – July 2021. Samples of infected cattle showing clinical signs i.e., fever (>1040 F), anaemia, dyspnoea, salivation, swelling of pre scapular lymph node were confirmed and quantified by using multiplex real time PCR for Theileria orientalis and Theileria annulata using Taq-Man probe. Prevalence of Theileriosis in three Theileria-endemic districts of Odisha due to Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis were found as 11/42 (26.11%) and 24/42 (57.14%), respectively. Mixed infection due to both was 7/42 (16.66%). On comparison with gold standard tests, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 93.2%, 95.4% and 86.6% for Giemsa staining and 96.4%, 97.6% and 92.8% for acridine orange dye. Parasite load for T. annulata in clinically affected cases ranged from 2.85E+03 to 1.51E+05 parasites per ml of blood. Parasite load of T. orientalis in clinically affected cases ranged from 1.94E+04 to 5.88E+05 parasites per ml of blood. Ten cattle positive for T. orientalis was given two doses of buparvaquone (Butalex) @2.5mg/kg b.w. at an interval of 48 hrs which is then observed and quantified 10 days post treatment. Parasitic load in blood 10 days post treatment decreased significantly from 4.04E+04 to 2.21E+02. However, infected animals remains carrier following two dosages of treatment with buparvaquone.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological picture of lumpy skin disease outbreak in Odisha during 2019(Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Sahoo, Biswaranjan; Sahoo, Niranjana; Biswal, Sangram; Dehuri, ManaswiniLumpy skin disease (LSD), an acute viral disease of cattle, is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of genus capripox and family poxviridae. Following the first report of this transboundary disease in Odisha during 2019, a study was carried out in three districts of Odisha viz., Balasore, Cuttack and Balangir with the objectives of molecular identification of LSDV, analysis of risk factors and calculation of economic loss due to reduced milk yield in affected dairy cows. Bio samples such as skin (n=20) and blood (n=20) from the clinically affected cattle were subjected to polymerase chain reaction using primers like DW-TK & OP-49, L-132, P32 and LD-0001. Amplification of the targeted gene was observed in all (100%) the skin samples whereas only 40% of blood samples were tested positive. High resolution melting analysis was carried out using HRM primers to differentiate LSDV from that of goat pox where melting curves were recorded at 73.20C and 72.50C, respectively. Of 5038 cattle screened, 1053 (21.78%) heads had LSD−related nodular skin lesions, swelling of limb, lymphadenopathy and ocular affection. Incidence of LSD was more in crossbreds (22.95%), > 2 years of age (22.49%) and lactating cow (22.89%) as compared to indigenous (15%), < 2 years (17.97%) and non-lactating cows (18.64%). Economic loss due to reduced milk yield was calculated in 30 LSD affected dairy cows. An average of 3.05 litre milk per cow per day equivalent to Rs 122/- loss was recorded during the study period.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild herbivores of similipal tiger reserve, odisha(Department of Veterinary Parasitology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Sahoo, Rakesh Kumar; Mohanty, Bijayendranatha; Biswal, Sangram; Karna, Dillip Kumar; Dehuri, ManaswiniAim: Gastrointestinal parasites cause severe morbidity and mortality threatening the wildlife health and biodiversity conservation. The present investigation has an objective to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild herbivores of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha. Material and methods: A total of 670 dung samples were collected from 4 major species of wild herbivores which includes Asian elephants (130), spotted deer (180), barking deer (180), sambar (180) in 3 different locations such as Upperbarakamda, Devasthali and Jenabil of Similipal Tiger Reserve. Qualitative coprological examination was done by direct smear method, centrifugal sedimentation technique, floatation by saturated solution of MgSO4 and quantitative coprological examination was done to detect the Egg Per Gram (EPG) by McMaster technique in the laboratory of Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT. Coproculture and micrometry was conducted for generic identification of nematode larva. Results: Out of 670 dung samples, 349 samples were found to be positive for gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence of 52.1%. The parasitic prevalence was recorded as highest in spotted deer (57.2%) followed by sambar (42.8%), Asian elephant (30.8%) and barking deer (29.5%). Five species of gastrointestinal helminths such as strongyles (35.6%), amphistomes (23.3%), Trichuris spp. (11.7%), Fasciola spp. (3.8%) and Strongyloides spp. (1.7%). There was no evidence of cestode, gastrointestinal protozoa as well as mixed parasitic infection were not detected. Among the three locations Devasthali showed highest prevalence (55.1%) followed by Upperbarakamda (52.1%) and Jenabil (48.1%). The prevalence of strongyles was observed highest in Asian elephants (26.3%), barking deer (20.1%) and sambar (26.7%) whereas amphistome recorded highest prevalence in spotted deer (22.2%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was significantly higher during monsoon season (73.2%) than premonsoon (56.8%) and post monsoon season (54.3%). Strongyle recorded highest prevalence in Asian elephants and barking deer throughout all the three seasons as taken while amphistomes showed highest prevalence in spotted deer and sambar during premonsoon and monsoon season. The prevalence of Trichuris spp., Fasciola spp. and Strongyloides spp. were observed comparatively lower than strongyle and amphistome throughout all the seasons as taken. The mean intensity of strongyle was found to be significantly higher in monsoon season as compared to premonsoon and post monsoon season in case of spotted deer, barking deer and sambar while in Asian elephants the difference in mean intensity was not significant across the seasons. Coproculture revealed the larva of Oesophagostomum spp. in Asian elephant and larva of Haemonchus spp. in spotted deer, barking deer, sambar of Similipal Tiger Reserve. Conclusion: The present study gives an overall idea on prevalence of strongyle, Trichuris spp., amphistome and Fasciola spp. in wild herbivores of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha with seasonal variation in their rate of prevalence and intensity of infection. The findings recorded during the present investigation can be useful while planning the healthy management of different herbivore species in Similipal Tiger Reserve.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Dipteran Flies in and Around Bhubaneswar.(Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar, 2017) Sethy, Rachita; Dehuri, ManaswiniThesisItem Open Access Studies on incidence of Babesiosis in stray and pet dogs in and around Bhubaneswar(Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar, 2015) Panda, Charchika; Dehuri, Manaswini"Canine babesiosis is a vector borne disease caused by intra-erythrocytic apicomplexan parasites Babesia canis (large form) and Babesia gibsoni (small form), throughout the globe. The objective of the study was to detect the incidence rate of babesiosis infection in stray & pet dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The diagnostic efficacy of Babesiosis infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been compared with microscopy examination. In the current study, a total of 198 blood samples were collected and examined from stray & pet dogs with a history of persistent high fever, anorexia, depression presented at TYCC, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during a period of one year (August 2014 to June 2015). Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed an overall prevalence of 8.07% (16/198) for canine babesiosis encompassing 3.53% (7/198) of large Babesia and 4.54% (91198) of Babesia gibsoni. However, molecular diagnosis revealed 19.19% (38/198) samples positive for babesiosis infection out of which 3 dogs are clinically normal as evident by the presence of 450 bp amplicon. 4 PCR positive samples were randomly choosen for sequencing. Out of which 3 positive samples revealed 100% similarity with the B. canis vogeli having accession numbers KT246303, KT246306, KT246307& I sample showed 100% similarity with B. canis having accession number KT24630S. Out of 4 sequenced samples one sample that showed double bands in the gel corresponds to 450 bp amplicon size & 520 bp amplicon size, higher than the one observed in Babesia spp. and showed 99% similarity with Hepatozoon canis having accession number KT246304. This showed that, mixed infection by both of the species was present The season wise incidence study of Babesia spp. revealed highest incidence (24.39%) in the summer season followed by 20.93% in rainy season & 12.32% in winter. The age wise incidence of babesiosis revealed highest incidence (22.22%) in the <1 years age group, followed by 18.30% incidence in dogs of>1 years age group. The sex wise incidence study revealed 16.43% incidencein females as compared with 20.8 per cent in males. The maximum incidence was noticed in Labrador breed i.e., 35.71% followed by German Shepherd breed i.e. 30.76% followed by Spitz (25%), Pug (20%), Non-descriptive (16.32%), Great Dane (11.11%), Rottwiller (9.09%), Mixed (8.33%) respectively. There was no significant variation (P < 0.05) in the incidence of babesiosis during different season and in different age groupS, sex and breeds. The most common haematological alterations include anaemia (57.14%), decrease in WBCs count and neutrophils along with an increase in monocyte count. Leukocytes abnormalities include neutropenia in 28/359 (80%) of dogs, lymphocytosis in 23/35 (65.71%) of dogs, and monocytosis in 23/35 (65.71%) of the dogs. Thrombocytopenia is the most consistent hematologic abnormality observed in 100% of the affected dogs."ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PREVALENCE OF THEILERIA ANNULATA IN TICK VECTORS INFESTING CATTLE OF COASTAL ODISHA(Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 2018) Dehuri, Manaswini; Panda, M.R.The present study entitled “Studies on prevalence of Theileria annulata in tick vectors infesting cattle of Coastal Odisha” was carried out from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 3014 cattle from different villages in 16 blocks of four districts of coastal Odisha (Cuttack, Puri, Jagatsinghpur and Khurda) were screened for presence of tick infestation. The cattle of either sex, varying age groups (< 1 year and >1 year), different breeds as well as different health condition were included. Adult semiengorged ticks were dissected and salivary gland were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. Nested PCR was carried out by targeting the Tams1 gene of Theileria annulata, utilizing two sets of primers (N516F, N517R and Ta14136iF, Ta249R) in order to detect the parasite. The PCR products were then sequenced and blast analysis was carried out. The overall prevalence of ticks in the coastal districts was found to be 39.48%. The ticks encountered during the study were; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (62%) which was most abundant followed by Hyalomma anatolicum (31%) and Rhipicephalus sp (7%). There was higher prevalence in females, upgraded breeds, cattle with poor body condition and young cattle. There was significant difference between the tick count of different ticks infesting cattle of the four districts while no significant difference could be found between different districts. There was also significant difference between the various seasons with regards to tick count in the four coastal districts. The abundance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks were high during monsoon while Hyalomma ticks were more prevalent during pre monsoon. The correlation of environmental factors on overall tick infestation revealed a high correlation (r= 0.820) between the mean monthly tick burden and average monthly rainfall as well as minimum temperature (r=0.865) with statistical significance (p< 0.01). The molecular diagnosis of Theileria annulata. revealed an overall prevalence of 14.78% in tick vectors. A higher presence with significance were recorded for Theileria annulata in female ticks (12.74 %) over their male counterparts (11.48). A total of four Tams1 PCR amplicon were randomly selected and the obtained sequence results were confirmed as Theileria annulata. Our study confirmed the presence of causative agent of bovine tropical theilerosis and the risk of cattle to contract the disease. A positive correlation of rainfall and minimum temperature with tick as well as disease prevalence suggests control measures to be applied on the onset of monsoon to control tick and tick borne diseases.