Browsing by Author "DEEPAK"
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ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, LIFE STYLE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS OF DAL MILL WORKERS IN KALABURAGI DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-02-18) DEEPAK; JAMUNA, K. VThe present study was undertaken to analyze the nutritional status, life style and occupational health hazards faced by dal mill workers. Three hundred dal mill workers were selected from different mills in Kalaburagi District. Assessment of health and nutritional status, dietary intake, nutritional adequacy, occupation health hazards, pulmonary health parameters and use of protective measures in dal mills were assessed. A subsample of 30 mill workers were selected for intervention programme. During intervention programme necessary inputs were provided and awareness was created regarding nutrition, health and protection from hazards in milling area. Results revealed that, nearly half of the mill workers (46.33 %) were belonged to the age group 25-35 years. Majority of the mill workers belonged to the upper lower class (77.3 %) and 80.33 per cent workers were vegetarians. Among mill workers 82.67 per cent had normal body mass index of (22.6 kg/m2) and it was noteworthy that most of the respondents were having normal nutritional status. A nutrition education training programme was conducted to create awareness about nutrition, health and use of PPEs to reduce occupational health hazards for a subsample of 30 workers. Before nutrition education most of them had coughing and sneezing (63.33 %), breathlessness (46.67 %), watery nose (60.0 %) due to dust exposure. Post intervention results showed that the problems were reduced by use of PPEs with respect to coughing and sneezing, breathlessness, and watery nose. The intervention programme has brought a positive change in the knowledge regarding consumption of protective foods and use of safety measures in working area. This positive trend indicates that the training has created the awareness among mill workers as well as owners and also importance of protective measures in the mill premises.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED TENDER LEAF TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.) PRODUCTS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-07-22) DEEPAK; Umadevi, S. HiremathTamarind (Tamarinds indicia L.) is an economically important and a multipurpose tropical tree grows wild in central and southern parts of India. Primarily it was used for culinary purposes. Chutney powders based on tamarind leaves are very popular among the rural population in south India. Fruit and tender leaves have therapeutic benefits. The present study revealed that tender tamarind leaves powder is good source of nutrients. The nutrient analysis of tender tamarind leaves powder showed that 100 g leaves powder contains 4.65 per cent of moisture, 4.08 g of Protein, 1.52 g of fat, 1.0 g of crude fibre, 86.26 g of carbohydrate, 375 Kcal of energy, 2.5 g of Ash per 100 g. The vitamins such as -carotene and vitamin C content were 166.8 g and 2.40 mg per 100 g respectively. Minerals such as iron and calcium were 0.18 mg and 96.4 per 100 g respectively. Two chutney powders were developed by incorporating tender tamarind leaves powder at different concentration i.e., 20 per cent, 30 per cent and 40 per cent in both chutney powders. Whereas in hurigalu 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent with other ingredients. Sensory scores of the products revealed that the roasted bengal gram chutney powder, niger seed chutney powder and hurigalu were best accepted at 20 per cent of incorporation. Developed products can be stored for 30 days in ambient condition (27 C) without affecting its quality.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF RICE VARIETIES WITH VARYING IRRIGATION REGIMES UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(IARI, WATER TECHNOLOGY CENTRE, 2011) DEEPAK; S.S. PariharAerobic rice cultivation is an agro-adoptive water-saving technique practised in rice. It mitigates the water scarcity in agriculture and increase water-use efficiency in rice. Rice adapted to aerobic condition requires less water than that grown under conventional irrigation management. A field study was conducted at IARI, New Delhi during the kharif season of 2010 to find out the suitable irrigation regime and variety of rice under aerobic condition. The treatment consisted of three irrigation regimes i.e. -10, -20 and -30 kPa soil water potential and four varieties i.e. Jaldi Dhan 6, PNR 162, PNR 381 and Pusa 834. Total water applied was 953.7 mm, 853.7 mm, and 753.7 mm in irrigation at -10 kPa, -20 kPa and -30 kPa, respectively, with the effective rainfall of 503.7 mm. We found that the magnitude of vegetative growth of plants such as plant height, number of tillers per m2, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest stage was significantly higher in irrigation at -10 kPa soil water potential over that produced in irrigation at - 20 kPa and -30 kPa soil water potential. Among the varieties, PNR 162 produced the maximum plant height, whereas the maximum number of tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation at harvest, leaf area index, were recorded with the variety Pusa 834. However, the highest dry matter accumulation at 30 DAS and 60 DAS was observed with Jaldi Dhan 6. The yield attributes (number of panicles per m2, length of panicle, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle) was highest under irrigation at -10 kPa soil water potential with the variety Pusa 834. Similar result was observed in terms of weight of grains per panicle, weight of panicle, 1000- grain weight and crop yield (grain yield, straw yield and harvest index). Similarly, Pusa 834 gave significantly higher grain yield compared to other three varieties. Irrigation at -10 kPa and -20 kPa gave similar field water use efficiency of 0.35 kg grain/m3 of water which is higher than that of -30 kPa (0.29 kg grain/m3 of water). Whereas, irrigation use efficiency was higher at -30 kPa (0.89). Interaction effects indicated that variety Pusa 834 along with irrigation regime of -10 kPa produced significantly higher yield than the other treatment combinations. Highest gross return (39,399 /ha), net return (19,881 /ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.02) was observed in irrigation regime at -10 kPa followed by irrigation at -20 kPa. Among the varieties II Pusa 834 has given the highest net return (21,860 /ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.17) followed by PNR 162 (18,379 /ha and 0.99). Interaction effects indicated that Pusa 834 with -10 kPa of irrigation regime gave maximum net return ( 26,111 /ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.34).ThesisItem Open Access SHELF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF PROBIOTIC PROCESSED CHEESE(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2021) DEEPAK; GANGULY, SANGITAProcessed cheese and processed cheese spread are popular variety of cheese and generally devoid of lactic organisms. Incorporation of probiotic organism in processed cheese will provide functionality and health beneficial property to the product with an increased market demand. Hence, an attempt was taken to prepare probiotic processed cheese (PPC). The present study was undertaken with the objectives to check the survival of the probiotic organism in simulated gastrointestinal conditions in processed cheese matrix and an estimation of its shelf life of PPC in different packaging materials at refrigerated condition. Probiotic processed cheese prepared by incorporating Lactobacillus plantarum had 46 % moisture, 28 % fat, 19 % protein and probiotic count of 7.8 log CFU/g. PPC had higher antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity as compared to control processed cheese with comparable sensory and compositional attributes. Probiotic count of processed cheese was microbiologically within limit up to 30 days of storage. Sensory scores of all attributes were reduced during storage and probiotic count was initially increased up to 20 days of storage followed by decrease. Moisture content decreased during storage, whereas, hardness, acidity and bio-functional attributes enhanced during storage. However, water activity remained same throughout the storage periods. Two packaging material (PET and PP) were used for storage study of PPC and higher viability of probiotic organism was observed in PET packaging material. The storage and loss modulus of probiotic processed cheese decrease during the storage. Survivability of L. Plantarum in probiotic processed cheese under simulated gastric transit was lower (~80 %) as compared to MRS broth (~82%). However higher antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity was observed in probiotic processed cheese digesta during each step of simulated gastric digestion in process as compared to initial biofunctional activity of PPC.ThesisItem Open Access Sorption-desorption behaviour of arsenic on clay-organic complex (COC) in an Alfisol and Inceptisol of Jharkhand(Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, 2021) DEEPAK; Das, RumaThe high concentration of arsenic (As) in soil may pose to potential risk for groundwater contamination and its entry in the food chain. Sorption-desorption of As on different soils especially on clay sized fractions may affect its mobility, toxicity and bioavailability in soil. Therefore, knowledge about arsenic sorption-desorption processes is of relevance in order to predict the behaviour of this element. The interaction of As with soil minerals is greatly influenced by the contents of organic carbon and amorphous Fe-Al-oxides, type of clay minerals as well as soil pH and temperature. Therefore, a laboratory batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption-desorption behaviour of As on soil and clay sized fractions of two different soil orders namely – Alfisol and Inceptisol at varying pH (5.5 and 7.0) and temperature (298 and 308 K). The Alfisol and Inceptisol was dominated with smectite and illite minerals respectively. The contents of organic C was lower and free and amorphous aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides was higher in Alfisol compared to the Inceptisol. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was higher for soil and clay sized fractions in Alfisol compared to the Inceptisol. The adsorption of As on clay-organic complex was higher at lower pH (5.5) compared to the higher pH in both the soil orders. The adsorption isotherms for both soil orders fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Among clay sized fractions, high adsorption capacity was found for clay-oxides and clay-organic-complex of Alfisol and Inceptisol, respectively. The thermodynamic results revealed that the sorption reactions were exothermic and favourable at lower temperature (298 K) compared to the higher one (308 K). The desorption data showed that the cumulative desorption was higher in Alfisol but the percentage of As desorbed was higher in Inceptisol. The desorption Index (DI) was higher in Alfisol compared to Inceptisol. Removal of organic matter and Al and Fe oxides decreased the DI in clay for both the soil order. The contents of organic matter, Al-Fe-oxides and type of clay minerals were the major factor to determine the sorption-desorption behavior of As in soil.