Browsing by Author "Choudhary, Poonam"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Herbicide Combinations and Sulphur on Productivity of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2012) Choudhary, Poonam; V. NepaliaA field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment consisted of five herbicide combinations (weedy check, atrazine + alachlor at 500 + 1500 g ha-1 PE, atrazine + pendimethalin at 500 + 750 g ha-1 PE, atrazine + ethoxysulfuron at 500 + 15 g ha-1 PE and two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS) and three sulphur levels (control, 20 and 40 kg S ha-1) making fifteen treatment combinations. These treatments were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Quality Protein Maize variety HQPM-1 was used as test crop. All the weed control treatments caused significant reduction in density and dry matter of all category of weeds at all growth stages and nutrient depletion by them at harvest. Echinochloa was most dominating weed. Maximum reduction of weed density, dry matter and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded in crop subjected to two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS followed by tank mixture of atrazine + ethoxysulfuron and atrazine + alachlor. Plant height at 60 and 90 DAS and at harvest increased significantly through all weed control treatments over weedy check. The crop dry matter accumulation at 30 DAS significantly increased by two hand weedings, while dry matter at 60 and 90 DAS and LAI at 55 DAS were significantly higher with two hand weedings but its result was at par with that of atrazine + alachlor. The effect of tank mixture of atrazine + ethoxysulfuron was inferior on crop growth and yield due to its phytotoxic effect on crop. Yield attributes viz., cobs plant-1 and grain rows cob-1 were found unaffected with different weed control treatments while maximum values of grains row-1, grain weight cob-1 and 1000-grain weight were observed with two hand weedings but these were at par with that of atrazine + alachlor. Consequently, higher grain (4.55 t ha-1), stover (7.72 t ha-1) and biological (12.27 t ha-1) yields were registered with two hand weedings however, these were at par with those obtained by combination of atrazine + alachlor. All the weed control treatments significantly increased N, P, K and S content and uptake by QPM grain and stover over weedy check. Maximum N, P, K and S uptake by crop and protein content in grain were registered with two hand weedings which were at par with that of tank mixture of atrazine + alachlor. While lysine and tryptophan contents in grain were unaffected with different weed control treatments. Sulphur rates had no significant effect on weed density, dry matter and N, P, K and S uptake. Significantly higher plant height and dry matter of crop at all growth stages and LAI at 55 were found with 20 kg S ha-1, but crop dry matter at 30 DAS was significantly enhanced up to 40 kg S ha-1. Sulphur application at 40 kg S ha-1 significantly increased grain wieght cob-1 however, grains row-1 and 1000-grain weight increased significantly up to 20 kg S ha-1. Application of sulphur at 40 and 20 kg S ha-1 increased grain, stover and bioligical yields by 24.7 & 14.6; 14.4 & 8.9 and 18.0 & 11.0 per cent, respectively over control. Higher N, P, K and S uptake by grain and stover was recorded with 40 kg S ha-1. Application of 20 kg S ha-1 significantly enhanced per cent protein content in grain. Various sulphur levels failed to cause any significant improvement in lysine and tryptophane content in grain. Amongst weed control treatments highest net return of ` 40917 ha-1 was obtained through tank mixture of atrazine + alachlor (500 + 1500 g ha-1) that correspondingly showed higher B:C ratio of 2.19. Amongst S levels, 40 kg S ha-1 registered maximum net returns (` 34854 ha-1) and B C ratio of 1.72 which were significantly higher over 20 kg S ha-1 and control.ThesisItem Restricted Prevalence and molecular characterization of rotaviruses in small ruminants(LUVAS, 2013) Choudhary, Poonam; MeenakshiRotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis and mortality in young children and animals. The rotavirus genome is composed of eleven segments of double-stranded RNA.rotavirus have been classified into eight (A to H) group by genomic RNA electrophoretic pattern and group specific proteins. Due to segmented nature of the RNA genome and wide host range, vast genetic and antigenic diversity exists amongst different isolates of rotavirus. Significant morbidity caused by rotaviral diarrhoea has press need of accurate and sensitive detection of rotavirus. Keeping these perspectives in the view, the present study was undertake nundertaken to know the pPrevalence and molecular characterization of rotavirus in small ruminants A total of 230 faecal samples from ovine (164 sample) and caprine (66 sample) were collected from organized farms & villages in and around fields, Hisar Hisar and screened for rotavirus detection. Sample were screened and Screening of samples by RNA-PAGE revealed 25 samples suspected for presence of rotavirus in ovine and 4 in caprine samples. Further confirmation were found positive by latex agglutination test nine samples were detected positive. All the 9 samples were characterized by RT-PCR and sequencing.and and 25 in ovine and 4 in caprine samples were positive by RNA-PAGE and 4 were positive by RT-PCR All the 9 samples subjected to RT-PCR employing . nsp4, vp4 and vp7 gene specific primers to yield of ORV was amplified and yielded PCR products of 725bp, 876bp and 1062bp, respectively. PCR Amplified vp4 (partial length) and vp7 (full length) gene amplicons were cloned and screened by touch PCR. The positive recombinant bacterial colonies were subjected to sequencing. The sequences were analysed using BlASTn and aligned by Clustal X. The percent identity and distance matrices of the partial length vp4 and full length vp7gene sequences with human rotavirus isolates were generated by MEGA version 4. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by analyzing nucleotide sequences by MEGA 4 software. By Phylogenetic analysis field sample of ovine rotavirus showing 96-100% identity with the human rotavirus isolated from India, Belgium, USA, Russia and Bangladeshit was also confirmed that ovine rotaviruses were clustered with human rotaviruses isolates from different part of world. By sequence analysis it may be stated that there is interspecies transmission of rotaviruses among different host species. These results substantiate the zoonotic potential of rotavirus for human and ovine in India to have been made through reassortment after transmission between human and ovines. These findings and implications provides the tools for rapid rotavirus detection and diagnostics.results may have better implications for the design and implementation of successful rotavirus vaccine strategies.ThesisItem Open Access Response of Mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] to Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization under Semi-arid Condition(SKNAU)(SKNAU, 2008) Choudhary, PoonamThesisItem Open Access To study the phytoremedial potential of some chenopods(CCSHAU, 2005) Choudhary, Poonam; Babber, SThe effects of different levels of salinity on growth, development, water content and ion accumulation in the six chenopods (Suaeda fruticosa, Salicornia brachiata, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex lentiformis) and glycophytes (Chenopodium murale, Spinacea oleracea) were determined. These chenopods were grown in pots at 0, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dSm-1 levels of salinity and plants were harvested at their maximum vegetative growth (Salicornia brachiata and Spinacea oleracea) or at flower initiation stage (Suaeda fruticosa, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex lentiformis and Chenopodium murale). Increase in salinity stimulated plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, fresh/dry weight of stem and leaves in halophytic species. But these parameters were adversely affected in Spinacea oleracea and Chenopodium murale. Water contributed to a large proportion towards increase in fresh biomass of halophytes. The accumulation of ions was greater in leaves than in stem. The contents of Na+ and Cl- in both stem and leaves of all chenopods increased with every increment in salinity. Elevated salinity induced decrease in Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and SO4 2- in all chenopods. Suaeda fruticosa accumulated a large quantity of ions in comparison to other chenopods as well. Higher salt tolerance in Suaeda fruticosa, Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex lentiformis could be ascribed to their ability for osmoregulation and effective compartmentation of ions. Another interesting observation was higher magnitude of total ionic contents in the harvestable biomass of different chenopods like Suaeda fruticosa, Salicornia brachiata, Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex lentiformis and concomitantly retention of less amount of ionic content in the soil after harvesting of the above chenopods. Conversely, the magnitude of total ionic content in the harvestable biomass of Chenopodium murale and Spinacea oleracea was less and consequently the total ionic contents in the soil of the above mentioned chenopods was observed more. Likewise ECe and pH of the soil on comparison before transplantation of the different chenopods in the soil and after harvesting of chenopods indicated that these were reduced at all salinity levels and the reduction was more in Suaeda fruticosa, Salicornia brachiata, Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex lentiformis and it was least of all in case of Chenopodium murale and Spinacea oleracea. The computed data on per cent remediation in terms of total estimated ionic accumulation in the harvestable biomass in the chenopodsin comparison to total estimated ionic accumulation in the soil at various added salinity levels, explicitly showed that, although, it decreased with increase in salinity levels. Nevertheless, Suaeda fruticosa, Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex lentiformis were able to remediate 3.99, 3.74, 3.46 and 2.90 per cent soil salinity at 20 dSm-1 , respectively. Likewise, the figures on per cent remediation at 8, 12, 16 dSm-1 were still higher than at 20 dSm-1. It was worth mentioning that Suaeda fruticosa followed by Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex lentiformis and Salicornia brachiata were able to remediate the soil salinity more than Chenopodium murale and Spinacea oleracea. Nevertheless, further extensive studies are needed with several other native flora and indigenous halophytic taxa to find out their relative long-term (3-4 years) efficacy to extract salts from the saline soil to develop a plant based sustainable remediation technology for greening of saline wastelands in India.