Browsing by Author "Chauhan, Ramesh C."
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ThesisItem Open Access CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS OF DISTRICT KANGRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Walia, Dishu; Chauhan, Ramesh C.The present investigation was carried out to assess the chemical composition of precipitation in different environments of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh during summer and winter season. The chemical composition of precipitation has often been used to typify atmospheric quality around a sampling area. The physico - chemical characteristics and heavy metals were recorded and estimated at five different study sites. The rain water samples were collected on event basis during summer and winter season of 2018. The physico – chemical characteristics and heavy metals of precipitation were estimated pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, TSS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ using standard procedures. All the physico – chemical and heavy metal parameters were found below the desirable limit as per BIS. The main sources of pollution at and around the bus stands were atmospheric dust particles, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, infrastructural developmental activities and automobile exhaust, while at the rural location main sources were biomass burning and decomposition. The concentrations of various parameters were recorded higher during winter season rather than summer season at all the sites. The majority of physico – chemical characteristics showed significant relationships among themselves and with heavy metals. The extent of pollution in the study sites followed the trend: Kangra bus stand > Nagrota Bagwan bus stand > Palampur bus stand > Dharamshala bus stand > Rural location. The rural location being less susceptible to anthropogenic activities, were least polluted.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PALAMPUR TOWN HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Pawan Kumar; Chauhan, Ramesh C.The municipal solid waste management has been of major concern due to its high risk for human and environmental health. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to characterize and quantify the solid waste generation and document the existing solid waste management practices to know the overall municipal solid waste status in Palampur committee area. During the present investigation the maximum total (110.040 Kg/day) MSW was recorded in ward-7 and minimum (25.582 Kg/day) in ward-4. In Palampur town’s municipal committee area, the total solid waste generation of 425.614 Kg/day, 13.194 MT/month and 155.349 MT/year has been recorded. Whereas the average biodegradable generation (91%) and non-biodegradable (9%) of solid waste has been recorded during the study period. However, the maximum biodegradable waste (439.165 Kg/day) and minimum (328.185 Kg/day) has been recorded during summer and winter season respectively with averaged municipal solid waste generation 0.120 Kg/capita/day which was found to be influenced by population density, commercial and other anthropogenic activities. During the period of investigation it is observed that town municipal authority has not even a well-defined and permanent disposal site. The committee adopted open dumping and burning even within the committee area which is against the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules instead of land filling as a method of the disposal. As a result the whole committee area in and around the dumping and disposal sites has become unhygienic and posing serious threat to the public health and environmentThesisItem Open Access QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGROUND DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY PALAMPUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Meenakshi; Chauhan, Ramesh C.The present investigation was carried out to assess the underground drinking water quality of Agriculture University Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. The physico-chemical characteristics such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, alkalinity-P, alkalinity-M, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, iron, total nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphate-phosphorous and microbiological characteristics like total coliform were estimated and recorded at four different study sites seasonally from July-2017 to June- 2018. The majority of physico-chemical characteristics showed significant relationships among themselves. The quality parameters i.e. temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, total suspended , total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, total nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorous and microbiological characteristics like total coliform were found much below the desirable limit except for iron as per BIS. The iron concentration during study was recorded maximum (1.54 mg/L) in the summer season and minimum (1.4 mg/L) in rainy season which is beyond the permissible limit as per BIS. Although iron has got little concern as a health hazard but is still considered as a nuisance in excessive quantities. The limits of iron in waters are based on aesthetic and taste consideration rather than its physiological effects. Microbiologically also all of the water samples were found free of MPN bacteria. It can, therefore, be concluded that the underground water of university is of very good quality and suitable for drinking purposes