Browsing by Author "Bharti"
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ThesisItem Open Access Amelioration of salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa) by using cellulose immobilized ACC utilizing bacteria(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-09) Bharti; Pathak, D. V.Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses responsible for reducing plant growth and crop productivity. Plants subjected to excess salt initiate ionic imbalance, which leads to metabolism imbalances induced by ion toxicity and water deficit generated by hyperosmotic stress. Plant growth-promoting microbes enhance plant growth under salt stress by different mechanisms. In this context 32 bacterial strains were isolated from soil collected from salt-affected regions. Out of these14 isolates were found to tolerate NaCl concentration up to 15%(w\v). All bacterial isolates were quantitatively screened for IAA production, Ammonia production, and qualitative screening was done for zinc solubilization, potassium solubilization, phosphorous solubilization, and salt tolerance. Out of all bacterial isolates, 23 were found to utilize ACC. On the basis of ACC utilization activity, and PGPR traits, two potential isolates, STB11 and STB15 were selected for further studies. Most bio-fertilizers are unable to establish in the rhizosphere due to lack of nutrients and stress caused due to excess salt and water deficiency. In this study, for the first-time effect of bacterial cellulose in agriculture field was explored. Isolated ACC utilizing bacteria were immobilized on bacterial cellulose and evaluated for ameliorating salt stress in rice crop. A total of 26 cellulose-producing bacteria were isolated from different rotten fruits and kombucha tea. Only one (CPB26) among them was selected as a potential cellulose producer, based on the amount of bacterial cellulose produced. Central Composite Design based Response Surface Methodology (CCD-RSM) was employed to design the optimization experiments. Temp. 35C, pH 6, and incubation days 5 were found to be optimum for maximum cellulose production. Selected isolate CBP26 preferred peptone as nitrogen source and glucose as carbon source. Among metal ions, Mg2+ and Fe2+ were found to support bacterial cellulose production, highest at 0.15%(w/v) concentration, whereas Zinc did not support bacterial cellulose production. Out of four different enhancers, 1%(v\v) ethanol enhanced cellulose production. For confirmation of the bacterial cellulose, pellicle of bacterial cellulose was treated with cellulase enzyme, which digested it completely in 24h. Ultrafine Bacterial cellulose nanofibrils of size 20nm were visualized under scanning electron microscopy. FTIR spectra of bacterial cellulose obtained from analysis was found similar to those reported previously and typical bacterial cellulose thermal behavior was observed upon thermogravimetric analysis. X-RD analysis revealed that the bacterial cellulose was ordered crystalline with a crystallinity index of 77.9% and 11nm crystal size. The water holding capacity of bacterial cellulose was found to be 360%. The water evaporation rate of soil mixed with bacterial cellulose was less than the soil without bacterial cellulose. Dried bacterial cellulose was converted to powder form to carry out further studies. Selected bacterial isolates STB11 and STB15 were immobilized on powdered bacterial cellulose by absorption and incubation method. After the incubation step, immobilized bacterial cells were coated on rice seeds (Pusa 1121). Sowing of these coated seeds was done in pots (4 seeds/pot) under pot house conditions. Different RSC water i.e.,4, 8, 10 was used for irrigation of crops. The selected bacterial isolates were found to be effective in terms of rice plant growth such as plant height varied from 13cm -78.5cm from 15 to 90 days after sowing (DAS), maximum in T20 (RSC8+BCI STB15) 78.5cm at 90 DAS, root length (7.99-29.9cm), maximum in T21 (RSC 10+BCI STB15) 29.9cm, fresh weight of shoot and root varied between 1.49- 3.43 and 0.3-1.34g/plant respectively, dry shoot and root weight varied between 0.15-0.49 and 0.15-0.18g/plant respectively. Selected bacterial isolates also enhanced N (2.31- 13.66mg/plant-1) and P (0.10-0.27mg/plant-1) and increased superoxide dismutase activity in plants (1.07-3.54Unit/g FW), maximum in T20 (RSC8+BCI STB15) 3.5 unit/g FW. Rhizospheric bacterial viable count of rice plants was found maximum at 60 days after sowing in T20 followed by T21 i.e., 8.09 and 8.06 log Cfu/g of soil, respectively. On the basis of partial 16s rDNA sequencing bacterial isolate STB11 was identified as Bacillus pumilus, STB15 as Enterobacter spp. Bacterial cellulose producer CPB26 was identified as Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens. All the three identified bacterial gene 16s rDNA sequences were submitted to NCBI and allotted the accession numbers.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nanosilicon dioxide on maize and its rhizosphere under the influence of indigenous bioinoculant(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Bharti; Sharma, AnitaNanotechnology is a science that has wide application in almost all the developing fields including chemical, manufacturing, medical and agriculture sector. Nanoparticles are atomic or molecular aggregates of 1 to 100 nm in size. Two bacterial isolates (PC1 and PC4) were selected on the basis of their plant growth promoting properties and used as bioinoculant along with/without nanosilicon dioxide in a pot experiment on maize. Based on molecular analysis PC1 and PC4 showed homology with Pseudomonas taiwanensis and Pantoea agglomerans respectively and were allotted with accession number MK106029 and MK106024 respectively. Amplification of acdS (ACC deaminase) gene was observed in PC1 and PC4 isolates with amplicon size of 500bp and 600bp respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and biocompatibility assay on nutrient agar plate revealed the compatibility of both the isolates with each other. PC1 and PC4 produced 44% and 25% siderophore unit, solubilised 3.49mg/l and 3.63mg/l zinc and 382.2μg/ml and 361.9μg/ml phosphate respectively while consortium of the two (PC1+PC4) produced 31% siderophore unit, solubilised 3.70 mg/l zinc and 478.6μg/ml phosphate. Combined application of bacterial consortium (PC1+PC4) and nSiO2 showed enhancement in agronomic parameters of maize plants. Average plant height and number of leaves were increased by 1.38 and 1.28 folds over control respectively after 30 days. Values of total chlorophyll (3.32mg/g), carotenoid (0.326mg/g), total sugar (50.47mg/g) and total soluble protein (18.42 mg/g) in maize plant were also high in PC1+PC4+nSiO2 treatment. Total phenol and flavonoid content was 2.75 mg/g and 0.544mg/g respectively on 30th day when treated with PC1+PC4+nSiO2. Level of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidise) were found to be maximum in treatment (PC1+PC4+nSiO2) which accounts for 15.09μmol/min/mg protein and 60.92μmol/min/mg protein respectively on 30th day. Total bacterial count and population of K and P solublizers was maximum in of the soil treated with PC1+PC4+ nSiO2. Enhancement of 70.6% in total bacterial count in PC1+PC4+ nSiO2 treatment over control was reported. An increase of 2.14, 1.57 and 1.43 times over control in the activity of FDA, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase respectively was observed in PC1+PC4+nSiO2 treatment. Population based metagenomics analysis revealed no negative impact of nanosilicon dioxide on microbial population in total. Thus, our study with PGPR and nanosilicon dioxide treated maize plants revealed that inoculation of beneficial microorganism in combination with nanocompounds is an effective method for enhancing the growth of maize and maintaining the soil health.ThesisItem Open Access Empowerment of rural women through National Rural Livelihood Mission in Rewa block of district Rewa (M.P)(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, 2017) Bharti; Chouhan, A.S.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies On Some Economic Traits Using Animal Model And Construction Of Selection Indices In Frieswal Cattle(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2004) Bharti; Singh, HarpalThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS ON ADOPTION OF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INCOME OF FARMERS--A CASE STUDY OF KVK KANGRA(CSK HPKV, Palampur., 2019-07-23) Bharti; Sharma, K.D.The growth of Indian economy depends upon performance of agriculture and allied sectors. With the use of technology based knowledge on farm, farmer is able to realize better production and income. To bridge the gap between potential yields and actual yields obtained by farmers in our country, extension agencies like KVK are working to serve the farmiing society. Keeping this background in view, the present study pertained to impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendras on adoption of farm technologies and income of farmers. The investigation was undertaken in Kangra block of Kangra district where KVK is located. The main aim was of the study to examine the extent of adoption of improved management practices by farmers and impact of KVK on adoption, farm productivity and income. Stratified twostage random sampliing design was employed to select 60 sample farmers (30 beneficiary farmers and 30 non-beneficiary farmers) from the study area. Data were collected by survey method from sample farmers and office of KVK Kangra. It has been found that KVK Kangra played a significant role in dissemination of technical know-how about farming. The achievement of planned target was found to be more than 100 per cent which was clearly indicated by FLDs, OFTs, trainings and the number of participants in extension activities executed by KVK. The findings of study revealed that paddy, wheat and vegetables were the main crops grown by beneficiary farmers. Paddy, maize and wheat were the major crops grown on non-beneficiary farms. Area under vegetable crops was higher and, thus, beneficiary farms were more diversified than non-beneficiary farms. This was also validated through Herfindahl, Simpson and Entropy indices. The beneficiary farmers used more critical inputs and better management practices. Therefore, the technological gap was lower on KVK adopted farms as compared to non-beneficiary farms. The composite management index based on adoption of improved practices indicated higher adoption on beneficiary as compared to non-beneficiary farms for cereals, vegetables as well as livestock production. It was found that on the whole, the extent of adoption of improved practices was 45-50 per cent higher on beneficiary farms as majority of the farmers were in the category of very high to high adopters. Regression analysis also revealed the significant impact of KVK Kangra on increasing the productivity of crops and milch animals. There was a significant difference in the gross and net returns particularly with respect to summer and winter vegetable crops. Similarly, the returns from milch animals were also higher on beneficiary farms. The composition of farm income showed significant difference in the income from vegetable crops. On overall basis, the farm income was Rs. 1,88,572/farm on beneficiary farms and Rs. 82,862/farm on non-beneficiary farms. The factor analysis revealed that irrigated area, area under vegetable crops and KVK significantly contributed in enhancing farm income. The beneficiary farmers obtained Rs. 66,254 higher income than the non-beneficiary farmers. It was found that there is a need to expand the outreach of KVK to those areas which have not been served so far. The emphasiis should be laid on resource poor farmers having less irrigated area and poor economic status. There is also need to include entrepreneurship and record keeping so that farmers can effectively adopt improved technology and prepare business plans to enhance their incomes.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS ON ADOPTION OF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INCOME OF FARMERS-A CASE STUDY OF KVK KANGRA.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Bharti; Sharma, K.D.The growth of Indian economy depends upon performance of agriculture and allied sectors. With the use of technology based knowledge on farm, farmer is able to realize better production and income. To bridge the gap between potential yields and actual yields obtained by farmers in our country, extension agencies like KVK are working to serve the farming society. Keeping this background in view, the present study pertained to impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendras on adoption of farm technologies and income of farmers. The investigation was undertaken in Kangra block of Kangra district where KVK is located. The main aim was of the study to examine the extent of adoption of improved management practices by farmers and impact of KVK on adoption, farm productivity and income. Stratified two-stage random sampling design was employed to select 60 sample farmers (30 beneficiary farmers and 30 non-beneficiary farmers) from the study area. Data were collected by survey method from sample farmers and office of KVK Kangra. It has been found that KVK Kangra played a significant role in dissemination of technical know-how about farming. The achievement of planned target was found to be more than 100 per cent which was clearly indicated by FLDs, OFTs, trainings and the number of participants in extension activities executed by KVK. The findings of study revealed that paddy, wheat and vegetables were the main crops grown by beneficiary farmers. Paddy, maize and wheat were the major crops grown on non-beneficiary farms. Area under vegetable crops was higher and, thus, beneficiary farms were more diversified than non-beneficiary farms. This was also validated through Herfindahl, Simpson and Entropy indices. The beneficiary farmers used more critical inputs and better management practices. Therefore, the technological gap was lower on KVK adopted farms as compared to non-beneficiary farms. The composite management index based on adoption of improved practices indicated higher adoption on beneficiary as compared to non-beneficiary farms for cereals, vegetables as well as livestock production. It was found that on the whole, the extent of adoption of improved practices was 45-50 per cent higher on beneficiary farms as majority of the farmers were in the category of very high to high adopters. Regression analysis also revealed the significant impact of KVK Kangra on increasing the productivity of crops and milch animals. There was a significant difference in the gross and net returns particularly with respect to summer and winter vegetable crops. Similarly, the returns from milch animals were also higher on beneficiary farms. The composition of farm income showed significant difference in the income from vegetable crops. On overall basis, the farm income was Rs. 1,88,572/farm on beneficiary farms and Rs. 82,862/farm on non-beneficiary farms. The factor analysis revealed that irrigated area, area under vegetable crops and KVK significantly contributed in enhancing farm income. The beneficiary farmers obtained Rs. 66,254 higher income than the non-beneficiary farmers. It was found that there is a need to expand the outreach of KVK to those areas which have not been served so far. The emphasis should be laid on resource poor farmers having less irrigated area and poor economic status. There is also need to include entrepreneurship and record keeping so that farmers can effectively adopt improved technology and prepare business plans to enhance their incomes.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of RKVY project: Empowerment of rural women through value addition and post-harvest interventions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-04) Bharti; Dahiya, RajeshPresent study was conducted in Hisar and Fatehabad districts of Haryana state under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana project completed in department of EECM. Four trainings on the selected aspects of post-harvest intervention & value addition in fruits, vegetables, wheat and pulses were selected for impact assessment. Total 120 respondents from two districts covering four villages (kharadAlipur, & Gawar from Hisar, Dharania & Aherwan from Fatehabad) were selected purposively (30 from each). Majority of the respondents belonged to 36-55 years of age, medium level of family education status, nuclear & small size family and general caste, small farmers, had medium level of media exposure and entrepreneurial motivation. Training effectiveness index was measured in terms of utility and coverage of subject matter which was found highest for post-harvest intervention & value addition in vegetables (82.11%) followed by post-harvest intervention & value addition in fruits 79.44%, post-harvest intervention & value addition in wheat 79.03% and post-harvest intervention & value addition in pulses 76.73% for all selected trainings. Trainees were found highly satisfied with subject matter, physical facilities and quality of trainers. Training resulted in significant gain in knowledge, favorable attitude and high skill as compared to control group. Majority of the respondents adopted the technologies for household purpose & further disseminated the technology in the community. In experimental group, the respondents had significant gain in knowledge, favorable attitude and high skill acquisition regarding all components. Impact assessment index was observed moderately high in all training aspects. Education & communication variables were found positively and significantly correlated with knowledge, land holding and communication variables had positive and significant correlation with skill, entrepreneurial motivation had positive impact on attitude changed of the respondents. Respondents perceived marketing constraints, technological constraints and socio-economical constraints in adoption of technology as an enterprise in rural areas.ThesisItem Open Access Metal organic framework for sorptive removal of chlorpyrifos from water(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Bharti; AnushreeThe present study was undertaken forremovel of chlorpyrifos pesticide from water by using solvothermally synthesized Metal Organic Framework, HKUST-1 was synthesized taking high boiling solvent DMF and Trimesic acid as the organic linker. Successful characterization was done by different techniques i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). FTIR studies showed that HKUST-1 have bonding between metal and organic linker, vibrations between the BTC bonds, PSA showed the range of particles was from 4900 nm to 5300 nm, XRD showed crystallanity of the MOF, FESEM showed the particle size between 5 μm to 13 μm. Reults showed that the removal efficiency of HKUST-1 was 76% at the optimized conditions of pH, amount of HKUST-1, contact time, temperature and concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity were found as 98 mg/g for linear and 102 mg/g for non linear. The study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic modelling were also done. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order fitted best and are the deriving force of chemisorption. Reuseablity results showed that the removal efficiency decrease from 3 to 5% by washing the adsorbent with solvent. The responsible interaction for adsorption was electrostatic interaction, it can be concluded from the present study that HKUST-1 is a highly efficient MOF for the removal of chlorpyrifos.ThesisItem Open Access A study on adoption of scientific Buffalo farming practices in Madhepura district of Bihar(Kolkata, 2017) Bharti; Ganguli, Dr. Debasis; Pandey, Prof. A. K.; Goswami, Prof. Arunasis; Bera, Dr. Santanu; Debnath, Dr. Chanchal; Sarkar, Dr. UttamThesisItem Open Access Synthesis And Evaluation Of Macrocyclic Metal Compounds As Potential Biodynamic Agents(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2000) Bharti; Kalidhar, S. B.