Browsing by Author "Baby Lissy Markose"
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ArticleItem Open Access Bacterial wilt of pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Poir) and snakegourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) incited by pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) Smith from India(Kerala Agricultural University, 1994) Sally K Mathew; Beena, S; Baby Lissy Markose; Koshy Abraham; KAUArticleItem Open Access Compatibility studies in shoe flower (Hibiscus Rosasinensis L.)(Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Baby Lissy Markose; Aravindakshan, M; KAUhree ornamental species of Hibiscus viz. H. rosa-sinensis (HR), /•/. schizopetalus (HS), and H. mutabilis (HM) were utilised to study their self and cross compatibility. It was found that only Ace. 2 of HR and HM set fruits naturally. Out of the seven types/varieties of HR and two other species HM and HS selfed, only five types/varieties of HR and the species HM were found to be self compatible. The fruits matured in 28 to 38 days and seeds germinated in 10 to 18 days. The number of seeds per capsule ranged from 8.5 to 192.5 and seed germination ranged from 3.33 to 69.77 per cent. The survival percentage of germi. nated seedlings was more than 95 percent. Intra-specific cross compatibility was observed in all the crosses attempted in the species HR except in cases where Ace. 11 was used as the maternal parent. In all the cases the capsules took comparatively lesser time to attain maturity than their selfed maternal parent. In majority of crosses, the germination of hybrid seeds was earlier than the seeds obtained from the selfed maternal parent. The cross Ace. 2x11 had the highest crossability index followed by Ace. 2x18, 2x26, 18x11, 22x11, 26x2 and 26x11. Only in crosses between Ace. 2 x HS and Ace. 26 x HS fruit set was observed, but the seeds obtained from the fruits failed to germinate. Thus a strong barrier for crossability between the species was evident. The capsules of different types or varieties of H. rosa-sinensis were of ovoid, oblong or sub globose and H. mutabilis were globose and hairy. The seeds of the former were globose and black and those of the latter were reniform, brown and hairy.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of bioregulants on growth and productivity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Srividhya, M; KAU; Baby Lissy MarkoseAn experiment was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara during August 2002-July 2003 to study the efficacy of three levels of bioregulators viz., PCPA (25,50 and 75 ppm), NAA (10, 20 and 30 ppm), CCC (25, 50 and 75 ppm) and 2,4-D (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 pp m) on growth, fruit set, yield and quality in tomato. The bioregulators were sprayed at three different stages of the crop growth viz., 15, 30 and 45 DAT. The bacterial wilt resistant variety Sakthi was used for the study. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. \ All the bioregulators significantly influenced the vegetative characters like height of the plant and number of branches. While the treatments with NAA increased the height of t le plant, CCC reduced the same. Treatment of plants with CCC at all concentrations increased the number of branches. The bioregulators PCPA and 2,4-D had a negative influence on the plant height and number of branches as they recorded a lower height and number of branches than control. The growth parameters like RGR, NAR, LAI, CGR and LAD were positively influenced by CCC and NAA while the PCPA and 2,4-D treatments reduced the same, except NAR and CGR. Earliness was influenced by the bioregulators during summer. The plants treated with PCPA flowered earlier (5-10 days than- control) and produced early yield (10-15 days than control). NAA was found to be effective in inducing earliness during rabi. All the bioregulators were effective in increasing the per cent fruit set, number of fruits and fruit yield. The bioregulator CCC during both the seasons, NAA during rabi and PCP A during summer were effective in increasing per cent fruit set. The treatments with CCC increased the per cent fruit set, number of fruits and yield per plant by 57.67, 42.74 and 61.53 per cent respectively. Treating the plants with CCC 75 ppm was found to be effective in increasing the productivity of the crop during both rabi and summer with 17.54 and 5.63 tonnes per hectare respectively, while control recorded 13.07 and 1.17 tonnes per hectare during rabi and summer respectively. The increase in the yield over control was 34.20 per cent during rabi and 381.19 per cent during summer. Plants treated with PCPA resulted in severe vegetative malformations, up to an extent of 90 per cent. The malformations noticed were upward cupping of leaves and thickening of lamina. Fruit malformations were noticed in 2,4-D and CCC treated plants. The biochemical characters like TSS and ascorbic acid were not highly influenced by the bioregulators. Cercospora leaf spot incidence was reduced by the bioregulator treatments with PCPA recording 75 per cent less incidence of the disease than control.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic and biochemical bases of resistance to bacterial wilt in chilli(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Baby Lissy Markose; KAU; Abdul Vahab, MInvestigation on “Genetic and biochemical bases of resistance to bacterial wilt in chilli’ was carried out in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1992-96 to study the inheritance and mechanisms of bacterial wilt resistance and to develop a near isogenic line of Pusa Jwala with resistance to bacterial wilt. Pseudomonas solanacearum, the bacterial wilt pathogen was isolated from infected chilli plants and its pathogenicity was established. The resistance to this disease showed a monogenic and incompletely dominant type of inheritance. Studies on biochemical basis of resistance revealed that total phenol, OD phenol and protein content and enzyme activities had a positive association with bacterial wilt resistance. Ujwala, the resistant variety showed high protein content and had higher activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme in all plant parts. Higher total phenol was found only in roots and OD phenol in roots and stems of Ujwala. All these biochemical constituents recorded an increasing trend on inoculation in both resistant and subsceptible varieties. The wilt resistant variety had higher OD phenol and protein contents on inoculation whereas the susceptible variety was higher in total phenol content. Both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity were higher in resistant than in susceptible variety. The higher amount of OD phenol and their oxidation products like quinones formed by increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were ascribed for resistance in Ujwala. In the protein gel electrophoresis, the resistant and susceptible genotypes possessed similar bands with identical electrophoretic mobility. The isozyme patterns of peroxidase and esterase were studied. Roots for peroxidase and leaves for esterase showed clear bands. The resistant and susceptible varieties were different in banding pattern before inoculation. Inoculation did not evince any change in the banding pattern for peroxidase and esterase enzymes. The resistant variety had a well developed secondary xylem with thick and compact piliferous layers and cortical cells compared to the susceptible variety. In the radiotracer studies, radioactivity counts were more in susceptible than in resistant variety after inoculation in both 32p and 35S labeled plants. In the autoradiography, the 35S labeled bacteria were more in susceptible plants than in resistant ones. However there was no appreciable difference between resistant and susceptible plants when 32P tagged bacteria were inoculated. A near isogenic line of Pusa Jwala, moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, was developed by crossing Ujwala with Pusa Jwala and advancing the F1s to BC2F4 generation.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) in relation to yield and yield attributes(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Annie Mathew; KAU; Baby Lissy MarkoseThe research project 'Genetic. variability in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria [Mol.] Standl.) in relation to yield and yield attributes' was earned out in the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the period 1998-99. The major objectives of the study were to genetically catalogue the available germplasm and to study the genetic variability, divergence, heritability, genetic gain and correlation of different traits with yield. Twenty eight accessions collected from different parts of the country were grown in randomised block design with two replications. The 28 accessions were catalogued based on the descriptor for bottle gourd. Significant differences for the characters vine length, number of primary branches, days to first female flower opening, nodes to first female flower, sex ratio, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, length of fruit, girth of fruit, 100 seed weight, number of seeds per fruit and crude fibre content were noticed among the accessions. The accession LS 14 was found to be the highest yielding and accession LS 23 was found to be the earliest flowering. Highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of fruits per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic gain was noted for vine length, number of primary branches, nodes to first female flower, length of fruit, girth of fruit and number of seeds per fruit. Yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with duration of crop and number of fruits per plant. The 28 accessions were grouped into eight clusters and no parallelism between geographical d~stribution and genetic diversity was noted. A selection model was formulated consisting of the characters yield per plant, fruit set percentage and duration of crop. Accession LS 14 was identified as the most superior one followed by accessions LS 23, LS 8 and LS 4.ThesisItem Open Access Incorporation of bacterial wilt resistance in green chilly(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Seena P G; KAU; Baby Lissy MarkoseThe present investigation on ‘Incorporation of bacterial wilt resistance in green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)’ was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during October, 1993 – May, 1995. Ten popular green chilli varieties susceptible to bacterial wilt were crossed with two bacterial wilt resistant varieties viz. Manjari and Ujjwala, to develop twenty F1 hybrids. They were grown in a wilt sick field for evaluating bacterial wilt resistance and green chilli characteristics. All the F1 hybrids were susceptible/moderately susceptible to bacterial wilt. The F1 hybrides Manjari x Phule – 5, Ujjwala x LCA 305, Ujjwala x JwalaSakhi, Manjeri x jwalaMukhi and Ujjwala x DPLC – 1 were grouped under green chilli types. Line x tester analysis was performed to derive informations on general and specific cobbining ability effects, gene action and heterosis. Good general combiners were LCA 305 for plant height, plant spread and fruits/plant, JwalaSakhi for days to first harvest, average fruit weight and fruit perimeter and Phule – 5 for fruit yield/plant and fruit length. Good specific cobiners were Ujjwala x LCA 305 for plant height and days to flowering, Manjeri x Phule – 5 plant spread and fruit length, Manjeri x RHRC Clustering Erect for fruits/plant and fruit yield/plant and Ujjwala x JwalaSakhi for primary branches/plant and average fruit weight. Significant heterosis was observed for all the characters studied viz., plant height, plant spread, primary branches/plant, days to flowering, days to first harvest, fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit perimeter, seeds/fruit and pedicel length. Manjeri x Phule - 5 exhibited highest standard heterosis for fruits/plant and fruit yield/plant and relative heterosis for average fruit weight, fruit length and fruit perimeter. Ujjwala x JwalaSakhi showed high standard heterosis for average fruit weight and fruit perimeter. Manjeri x RHRC Clustering Erect exhibited maximum heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis for plant hight followed by Ujjwala x LCA 305. Manjeri X JwalaMukhi recorded highest negative value of relative heterosis for seeds/fruit and pedicel length. F2 segregants were evaluated for bacterial wilt resistance, green chilli characteristics and other yield attributes. The F2 segregant Ujjwala x JwalaSakhi recorded the highest mean performance for all the characters studied except days to first harvest and pedicel length. Considering bacterial wilt resistance and green chilli characteristics, the F2 segregants Ujjwala x JwalaSakhi, Manjeri x JwalaMukhi, Manjeri x JCA 283 and Ujjwala x LCA 305 were found promising which can be further selected for evolving green chillies resistant to bacterial wilt.ThesisItem Open Access Performance analysis of bush lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2007) Sreekanth, K S; KAU; Baby Lissy MarkoseAn experiment was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara during September 2006 – May 2007 to analyze the performance of bush lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet.). The major objectives of the study were to genetically catalogue the available germplasm and to study the genetic variability, divergence, heritability, genetic gain and correlation of different traits with yield. Twenty five accessions collected from different parts of the country were grown in randomized block design with three replications. The 25 accessions were catalogued based on the descriptor for lablab bean. Significant differences for all the characters viz. plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, leaf length, leaf width, pedicel length, days to1st flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, pod setting per cent, pod length, pod girth, pod thickness, pod weight, number of seeds pod-1, number of pods plant-1, yield plot-1, 100 seed weight, shelling per cent, crude fibre and crude protein content were noticed among the accessions. The accession LP-26 was found to be the highest yielder (4.5 kg plot-1) coupled with high pod setting per cent (40.23) and number of pods plant-1 (227.33) during rabi. The accession LP-4 was found to be the best yielder during summer (1.15 kg plot-1) and the second best yielder (3.33 kg plot-1) coupled with second best pod setting per cent (38.00) and number of pods plant-1 (198.27) during rabi. Highest pod length (9.98 cm), pod girth (5.47 cm) and pod weight (4.61 g) was observed in the accession LP-27. Better shelling per cent (86.57) was expressed by the accession LP-7. Earliness (27.77 days) and highest number of seeds pod-1 (6.40) was shown by the accession LP-16. The qualitative characters like crude protein and crude fibre content was found to be highest in accessions LP-1 and LP-21 respectively. Highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of pods plant-1. High heritability coupled with genetic gain was noted for all the morphological, reproductive and qualitative characters. The 25 accessions were grouped into five clusters and no parallelism between geographical distribution and genetic diversity was observed. A selection model was also formulated using these characters. Based on this the accession LP-26 (a pulse type) was identified as the best performer for rabi season and LP-4 (a vegetable type) for summer. The accession LP-4 is the second best one for rabi season.ArticleItem Open Access Pollen biology in shoe flower(Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Baby Lissy Markose; Aravindakshan, M; KAUA widely divergent collection of 36 types/varieties/species of Hibiscus was utilized to study the pollen morphology, production, fertility and germination. Studies on pollen morphology showed that while colour of pollen grains varied, the shape was more or less constant in all types, varieties and species. Individual pollen grain was pantoporate, spheroidal and spinose. The types/varieties/species exhibited wide variation in pollen size, pollen out put, fertility, germination and tube elongation of pollen grains. Standardisation of media for pollen germination and tube growth indicated that a medium containing 20 per cent sucrose, 1 per cent agar and 100 ppm boric acid was the best. Pollen grains commenced germination within 30 min of dusting and gave satisfactory germination even after 4 hours of incubation. Polysiphonous germination was observed in majority of cases.ThesisItem Open Access Pollen production, fertility and compatibility studies in shoe flower (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis L)(Department of Pomology, Floriculture and Landscapping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1984) Baby Lissy Markose; KAU; Aravandakshan, MInvestigations were conducted on the pollen morphology, production, fertility and compatibility in 34 types or varieties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and two other species viz., H. mutabilis L. and H. schizopetalus Hook, in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, during the year 1981-‘83. Since the types maintained did not possess any distinct varietal names, detailed morphological descriptions were made for identification. Observations were also made on certain aspects of blossom biology like flower opening, anther dehiscence, folding of corolla and retention of corolla. There was distinct variation in the morphology of flowers in the 36 types/varieties or species studied. Flower opening took place during the morning hours and in most of the types/varieties/species anther dehiscence commenced soon after flower opening. The time taken for the folding of the corolla ranged from 12 to 36 hours after flower opening and for the retention of corolla ranged from 24 to 72 hours. Pollen grains of Hibiscus were pantoporate, spheroidal and spinose and were 125.91 to 198.58 microns ( µ) 0 / in diameter. Pollen production per anther varied from 87 to 500 and percentage of pollen fertility ranged from 4.6 to 97. 4. Standardization of media for pollen germination and tube growth indicated that a medium consisting of 20 per cent sucrose + one per cent agar + 100 ppm boric acid was the best. The pollen grains commenced germination within 30 minutes of dusting and gave satisfactory germination even after four hours of incubation in the best medium. Of the 35 types/varieties/species tested, only in 23 cases, pollen germinated ,In vitro. Acc.11 showed maximum germination of 85.8 per cent followed by H. Mutabilis and Acc.2 while tube length was maximum in Acc.2 (962.48 µ) followed by Acc.11 and H. mutabilis. Polysiphonous germination was observed in majority of cases. Pollen grains could not be stored for more than three days in any of the methods employed in the present study. Of the different methods tried, storage of flowers with anther column intact at 4°C over calcium chloride in a desicator was found to be the best followed by storage of flowers at 4°C without calcium chloride. Acc.26 and Acc.11 had the longest shelf life followed by Acc.2. It was found that only Acc.2 and g. mutabilis set fruits naturally. Out of the seven types/varieties of H. rosa sinensis and two other species viz., H. mutabilis H. schizopetalus selfed, only-in five types or varieties of H. rosa-sinensis and in the species mutabilis self compatibility was noticed. The fruits matured in 28 to 38 days and germinated in 10 to 18 days. The number of seeds per capsule ranged from 8.5 to 192.5 and seed germination ranged from 3.33 to 69.77 per cent. Survival percentage of germinated seedlings was more than 95 per cent. Out of the intraspecific cross combinations tried, compatibility was observed in all the crosses except in cases where Acc.11 was used as the female parent. The cross Acc.2 x 11 had the highest crossability index followed by Acc.2 x 18, 2 x 26, 18 x 11, 22 x 11, 26 x 2 and 26 x 11. Interspecific compatibility was practically absent.