Browsing by Author "Baba, Tawseef Rehman"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Triacontanol on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa(SKUAST-K, 2016) Baba, Tawseef Rehman; Ali, AngrejThe present study entitled “Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid and triacontanol on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa.” was carried out at Experimental Farm, Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K) during 2015. Treatments consisted of three levels of salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM) and three levels of triacontanol (0, 5 and 10µM), constituting total 9 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design with factorial arrangements and replicated thrice. The treatments were applied as foliar spray at 3-4 leaf stage in the spring season and again 15 days after 1st spray. Results revealed that the exogenous application of salicylic acid as well as triacontanol had significant effect on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit yield of strawberry (cv. Camarosa) compared to control, although the interaction effect of these two growth regulators was non-significant for all the parameters studied. Among the salicylic acid treatments, the salicylic acid @ 2mM resulted maximum plant height (27.00 cm), plant spread (24.98 cm) and number of leaves per plant (17.19). Maximum duration of flowering (36.79 days) was observed with salicylic acid @ 2mM; however, it was at par with the salicylic acid @ 1mM. Salicylic acid @ 2 mM also resulted maximum numbers of flowers per plant (18.36), fruit set (81.28%), number of fruits per plant (14.47) and fruit yield (161.85 g plant-1/11989 kg ha-1). Physico-chemical quality of the berries was improved by the application of salicylic acid as compared with control, wherein maximum fruit weight (12.61 g), fruit length (3.33 cm), fruit breadth (3.00 cm), TSS (11.43 oBrix), ascorbic acid (69.16 mg 100g-1), reducing sugars (3.93%) and total sugars (9.27%) and acidity (0.93%) was recorded with salicylic acid @ 2mM. Salicylic acid was also found effective in improving storability of fruits compared with control as it resulted significantly minimum physiological loss in weight and rotting percent, and retained higher values for biochemical parameters of fruits at 2, 4 and 6 day of storage studies under ambient conditions. Among the triacontanol treatments, application of triacontanol @10 µM resulted maximum plant height (27.26 cm), plant spread (25.08 cm) and number of leaves per plant (17.88). Triacontanol significantly increased the duration of flowering, number of flowers per plant fruit set (%) and number of fruits per plant, but it delayed fruit maturity. Maximum number of flowers per plant (18.89), fruit set (81.92%), number of fruits per plant (14.62) and fruit yield (166.29 g plant-1/12318 kg ha-1) was recorded with triacontanol @10 µM. Triacontanol also enhanced the physico-chemical quality of the fruits compared with control, wherein maximum fruit weight (12.82 g), fruit length (3.39 cm), fruit breadth (3.02 cm), TSS (11.39 oBrix), ascorbic acid (68.74 mg 100g-1), reducing sugars (4.09%), total sugars (9.43%) and minimum acidity (0.80%) was recorded with triacontanol @10 µM. In storage studies of fruits at 2, 4 and 6 days under ambient conditions, the triacontanol showed non-significant effect of physiological weight loss and rotting percent of fruits compared with control. Although, significantly higher values of TSS and reducing sugar and lower fruit acidity was recorded with triacontanol treatment only at 2nd and 4th day of storage study, while at 6th day of storage, it was at par with control. The ascorbic acid and total sugars of fruits were significantly affected by triacontanol only at 2 day of storage and no significant difference was observed at 4 or 6 day of storage. The present study indicated that strawberry showed positive responses to exogenous application of salicylic acid and triacontanol in terms of enhanced vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit yield, and particularly salicylic acid is promising in retaining fruit quality during storage. It is therefore concluded that the salicylic acid @ 2mM and triacontanol @10 µM was effective in enhancing growth and productivity of strawberry cv. Camarosa and also salicylic acid @ 2mM can be used for enhancing the storability of fruits.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-Biochemical Characterization of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)(SKUAST Kashmir, 2023) Baba, Tawseef Rehman; Bhat, Zahoor AhThe present investigation entitled “Morpho biochemical characterization of apple (Malus x domestica)” was conducted to gain knowledge on variability pertaining to morphological and biochemical characters. The observations carried out at the premises of Ambri Apple Research Station and Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K. A comprehensive catalogue of descriptors drawn up by DUS and UPOV served as the basis for evaluation of 9 cultivars in a field trial. Each plot consisted of 10-year-old plants per genotype and plants were evaluated once with a range of descriptors; 13 of plant and leaf characteristics, 4 of the flowers and 18 of the fruit characteristics. Biochemical characterization was investigated to develop as well as to compare the nutritional composition data for 6 Ambri selections with commercials ones (Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Maharaji) and compare the difference between. The ash, energy, fiber, water content varied between 1.705 % to 1.909 %, 57.907 to 63.54 (Kcal/100g), 0.751 to 0.806%, 78.52 to 86.01%. The TSS, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, glucose, sucrose and fructose was found in range of 13.022- 16.589(0Brix), 10.351- 12.931 %, 8.066- 9.544 %, 1.672- 3.332 %, 1.201 to 2.980 %, 1.777 to 2.965% and 3.188 to 3.967% respectively. Titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were found significantly higher (0.419 %) and (27.32 mg/ 100gm) in Maharaji cultivar and lowest (0.210 %) and (19.46 mg/ 100gm) was observed in Ambri selection 4 and Ambri selection 2. Malic acid content was found highest 701.21mg/100g in Ambri Selection 4 compared to Golden Delicious and Maharaji. Total phenolics, total flavonoids were found significantly higher in Ambri selection 2 and Ambri 2.94 mg (GAE/g fw) and 4.55 (mg QE/g fw) and the lowest values were recorded in Golden Delicious 2.27 (GAE/g fw) and 3.42 (mg QE/g fw). The DPPH, ABTS and FRAP of peel and pulp extracts of different genotypes of apple was significantly higher in Ambri selections compared to Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Maharaji. Similarly phenolic compounds Catechin 1,798.78 (µg/g FW), Rutin 405.273 (µg/g FW), Quercetin 1,223.77 (µg/g FW), and Chlorogenic acid 899.803 (µg/g FW), isolated through HPLC were found higher in Ambri Selections compared to Red delicious (868.407,325.807,674.6, 412.77 µg/g FW), Golden Delicious (380.413, 249.74, 552.767, 401.813 µg/g FW), and Maharaji (676.32, 294.22, 833.667, 132.74 µg/g FW),). The variation in enzyme activity SOD, Catalase and POD among different apple cultivars was found high in Ambri2, Ambri1and Ambri4 (58.1 units / g FW), (59.21 unit/g FW) and 55.210 unit/g FW) while as the lowest enzyme activity was found in Maharaji, Red Delicious and Maharaji (37.400 units / g FW), (51.210 unit/g FW) and (32.320 unit/g FW) respectively. The major minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and P), micro elements (Magnesium, Boron, Sulphur, Zinc, Sodium, Iron, Manganese, Copper and Chromium and toxic trace elements (Pb, Ni, As and Cd) were comparatively quantified. The heavy metals (Pb, Ni, As and Cd) were found below the permissible limits. The amino acids viz, asparagine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid varied between 93.38 to 100.81 µg/g, 57. 94 to 70.61 µg/g and 33.50 to 44.34 µg/g.For the first time aroma compounds were identified in the selected genotypes of apple. The different aroma compounds were identified like Esters, Alcohols, Phenols, Ether, Aldehydes, Carboxylic acid, Benzene groups etc. among which ester group showed dominance in all the apple cultivars. In the experiment 2nd the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay were studied in which all the assays showed reducing ability of hexane, methanolic and aqueous peel and pulp extracts of different verities of apple viz., Red Delicious (A1), Ambri (A2), American Apriouge (A3), Golden Delicious (A4) and Maharaji (A5). For each sample five concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µg/ml) were tested. The inhibition of all the extracts was found in a concentration dependent manner. However, there was significant decrease in free radical scavenging activity with increase in temperature. All the scavenging activity was found significantly higher in Ambri cultivar followed by Golden Delicious, Maharaji, American Apriouge. It is also evident from data that radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in methanolic extract followed by aqueous and hexane extracts. Furthermore, peel extracts showed better antioxidant potential compared to pulp extracts.