Browsing by Author "Ashish"
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ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of bacterial blight of pomegranate(Punjab Agricultural University, 2014) Ashish; Arora, anitaBacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae has been observed as a serious impediment in the cultivation of pomegranate in Punjab. The disease initiated in June. Symptoms appeared as small, circular to irregular, water-soaked spots on leaves, flowers and fruits. On fruits, the spots developed into typical cankers with cracks on the necrotic areas. The bacterium produced pale yellow, circular, convex, slightly raised, opaque and mucoid colonies on nutrient agar medium. The bacterial cells were straight rods, Gram-negative and motile. The pathogen successfully established on all the inoculated plant part viz. leaves, flowers, twigs and fruits. Per cent disease index and infection rate were high, when inoculations were carried out in the month of July than in the months of June and August. Weather parameters like mean maximum and minimum atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and rainfall influenced disease progression significantly. None of the strains screened against this disease was found resistant. The strains expressed moderate to highly susceptible reactions. Four sprays of blitox + streptocycline on the pruned plants starting from mid June to end July at 15 days interval proved effective against bacterial blight of pomegranate. Kocide + Streptocycline was the next best treatment in reducing the per cent disease index.ThesisItem Restricted Molecular mapping of resistance gene(s) for cereal cyst nematode in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Ashish; Koulagi, RamannaWheat is one of the most important human food grains and it’s a staple food of the maximum population of the world. Heterodera avenae causing Molya disease in northern and northwestern plain zones is responsible for an annual loss of 8967.52 million rupees per year in India. To overcome this resistant breeding is the most economical and eco-friendly approach. The introgression lines were derived in background of PBW343 by crossing AUS15895. Phenotypic data was recorded for two consecutive cropping seasons (2019-20 and 2020-21). The phenotypic results revealed from both cropping seasons (2019-20 and 2020-21) that among 116 introgression lines 68 were found resistant and 10 were moderately resistant, 14 were moderately susceptible and 24 were susceptible. Upon calculation of chi square test, the BC1F6 population followed resistant 1:1 susceptible segregation ratio. Six SSR (Xwmc382, Cre5, Cre8, Cre1, CreX and Cre3) markers were employed in this study to survey the polymorphism in parents. Among the six, four markers (Xwmc382, Cre5, Cre8 and Cre1) showed the polymorphism on parents as well as on introgression lines. The marker Xwmc382 is tightly linked to resistance with highest correlation coefficient (0.1). Markers efficacy was calculated to know the efficacy rate of the markers, these results followed the same trend of marker correlation coefficient Xwmc382 is more efficient to determine the resistance against Ludhiana population of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae with 66% efficacy.ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic and molecular characterization for biofortification in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2017) Ashish; Sethi, S.K.The present investigation entitled “Phenotypic and molecular characterization for biofortification in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was conducted during rabi 2015-16 to evaluate 57 bread wheat genotypes in order to determine variability, heritability, genetic advance and association of morphlogical, biochemical and yield traits in wheat alongwith genetic diversity at molecular level. The experimental material was grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at Research Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar. All the genotypes showed enough genetic differences for twenty two traits, which comprised of 11 morphological and 11 quality parameters viz., characters days to 50% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/metre, ear length (cm), number of spikelets/ear, number of grains/ear, grain yield/ plot (g), 1000- grain weight (g), biological yield/ plot (g), harvest index (%), Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), cu content (ppm), Mn content (ppm), β-carotene content (ppm), crude protein (%), gluten content (%), hectoliter weight (kg/hl), grain appearance score, grain hardness (kg per grain) and sedimentation value (ml). Quality traits showed higher heritability (broad sense) than morphological traits; later may be influenced by environment. High heritability (91.02%) with moderate genetic advance (20.70%) was recorded for sedimentation value (ml) while moderate heritability (83.96%), (87.52%) with high genetic advance (38.16%), (30.96%) was obtained for characters Cu content (ppm) and Mn content (ppm) respectively. This revealed the presence of additive gene effects indicating effectiveness of selection for these traits in wheat improvement. Strong and positive significant correlation was found among Fe (ppm), Zn (ppm) and protein (%), and non significant correlation was found among yield component traits and grain micronutrient concentration. Genetic diversity was studied at molecular level by using 49 SSRs known to be linked with micronutrient and protein concentration genes. Out of 49 SSR markers, 17 were found polymorphic, twenty six were found monomorphic while 6 were not amplified. Number of alleles ranged from 1-4 with an average of 2.48. PIC values of various SSR loci ranged from 0.20 (Barc 108) to 0.76 (Barc 124) with an average of 0.48. NTSYS-UPGMA led to the grouping of 57 genotypes into two different clusters. Similarity coefficient showed that most distantly related genotypes were C 306 and HPYT 426 with low similarity value of 0.58. and most closely related genotypes were SLPWB 10 and VG 2014-10 with high similarity value of 0.93. The study may further be exploited for MAS to breed, identify and introgression of high Fe and Zn genotypes into the background of high yielding cultivars.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND BIO-INOCULANTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) CV. RED LADY UNDER NET TUNNEL(INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALYA RAIPUR (C.G.), 2021) Ashish; Patel, Deepti; Panigrahi, Hemant Kumar; Chowdhury, Tapas; Saxena, R.R.The present investigation entitled“Studies on the influence of plant growth regulators and bio-inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady under net tunnel” was carried out during the year 2020-21 at Center of Excellence on Protected Cultivation and Precision Farming, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments viz. T0: Control (water), T1: Gibberellic Acid @ 150 ppm, T2: Gibberellic Acid @ 200 ppm, T3: Gibberellic Acid @ 300 ppm, T4: NAA @ 100 ppm, T5: NAA @ 200 ppm, T6: NAA @ 300 ppm, T7: Ethrel @ 100 ppm, T8: Ethrel @ 200 ppm, T9: Ethrel @ 300 ppm, T10:PSB @ 0.5g/10g seed, T11:Azotobacter @ 0.5g/10g seed. The observation were recorded on germination parameters viz. days taken to start germination, rate of emergence %, germination %, germination index %, seedling vigour index –I and seedling vigour index –II. Sapling growth parameters viz. sapling height (cm), number of leaves, length of shoot (cm), fresh weight of sapling (g), dry weight of sapling (g), number of roots/sapling, length of longest root (cm), primary root/sapling, secondary root/sapling, fresh weight of root (g), dry weight of root (g) and root diameter (cm). From the present investigation, it was revealed that there was significant influence among different treatments in terms of seed germination and growth parameters of papaya. Among the various treatments, application of GA3 @ 300 ppm took shortest days to seed germination (13.80) and performed better seedling emergence (54.16%), germination percentage (85.17%), germination index (2.16), seedling vigour index I (2140.95) and seedling vigour index II (129.01) respectively. With respect to seedling growth parameters viz. sapling height (8.42, 12.94 and 24.96 cm at 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively), number of leaves (6.79, 8.96 and 11.71 cm at 30, 45 and 60 days, respectively), shoot length(3.52, 6.01 and 11.52 at 30, 45 and 60 days , respectively), fresh weight (14.77 g) and dry weight of sapling (1.49 g), number of roots per sapling(83.70), fresh weight (2.51 g) and dry weight of root(0.39 g), length of longest root (24.21cm), number of primary root (9.15) and secondary roots (74.98),and root diameter (1.25) was obtained best under GA3 @300 ppm.Similarly, GA3@300 ppm delivered the most effective economical performance among the different treatments. From the successful germination and development of growth performance of papaya seedlings, it can be concluded that papaya seeds treated with GA3 @ 300 ppm significantly increased the various seed germination parameters along with seedling growth parameters and economical value as compared to other treatments and hence, termed as best treatment, while the poorest and inferior among all was observed under T0-Control (Tap water).OtherItem Open Access Successful Management of Uterine Torsion in a Doe(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2019-08) Ashish; Rangasamy; Sathiamoorthy, T.; TANUVASA full term pregnant 4 years old doe was brought to Large Animal Obstetrics unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the history of continuous straining from previous night. Clinical examination revealed congested mucous membrane with all vital parameters within normal range.