Browsing by Author "Arya, Kanchan"
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ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-epidemiological and therapeutic studies on hepatic lipidosis in dairy buffaloes(LUVAS Hisar, 2023-04) Arya, Kanchan; Rana, Y.SThe occurrence of hepatic lipidosis in 40 dairy Murrah buffaloes at 3 weeks prepartum at CIRB, Hisar using ultrasonography and blood BHB (>0.6 mmol/l) was found to be 22.5 per cent out. Among them, 66.66 per cent and 33.33 per cent of buffaloes were found to be affected with mild and moderate hepatic lipidosis, respectively. The occurrence of hepatic lipidosis in 38 dairy buffaloes at 3 weeks prepartum at Hi-Tech Dairy farm, Sirsa based upon blood BHB (>0.6 mmol/l) was found to be 39.47 per cent. Overall, the erythrocytic indices did not differ significantly in affected animals except for lymphocytopenia. However, significantly lower levels of Hb, PCV and MCHC were found in dairy buffaloes affected with moderate hepatic lipidosis. Also, the affected animals showed relative lymphopenia. Blood BHB was found significantly higher in animals with hepatic lipidosis at 3 weeks prepartum as compared to healthy buffaloes and correlated with the degree of hepatic lipidosis. Serum biochemistry in affected animals revealed hypoglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, lowered triglycerides, hypoproteinemia, hypoglobinemia and elevated ALP levels. Serum minerals and electrolytes profile in affected buffaloes revealed a significantly lower level of total Ca, Cu, and Zn along with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypochloremia. Serum iCa was found significantly low in dairy buffaloes affected with moderate hepatic lipidosis. With respect to oxidative stress indices and acute phase proteins levels, no significant changes were observed in dairy buffaloes with hepatic lipidosis. Serum concentrations of AST were significantly reduced in the ascorbic acid, L-carnitine and silymarin group compared to the positive control group at 2 weeks postpartum. Total protein levels differ significantly at 6 weeks postpartum in the group supplemented with ascorbic acid and L –carnitine as compared to the control group. The cholesterol level was significantly higher towards 6 weeks postpartum in the group supplemented with ascorbic acid. The creatinine level was decreased in the L- carnitine group as compared to the control group at 6 weeks postpartum. The iCa level significantly increased at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum in groups supplemented with ascorbic acid, L- carnitine and Silymarin as compared to the positive control. No significant difference was found in the acute phase proteins with respect to therapy within the group however silymarin has a lower level of Haptoglobin 6 weeks postpartum as compared to other groups. No significant changes were observed in oxidative stress indices with respect to therapy. Overall, a positive response was recorded in all the treated groups; however, the groups treated with L-carnitine and Silymarin showed better ameliorative efficacy.ThesisItem Open Access Determination of Milk Somatic Cell Count in Buffaloes and its Relation to Udder Infection and Physiological States of Production(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2019) Arya, Kanchan; Bansal, B. K.The present study was conducted in buffaloes to determine the physiological levels of milk SCC, its phenotypic relation with udder infection, milk production and milk composition and variation over the parities, lactation stage and season. The milk average SCC in buffaloes was observed as 100×103 cells/ml at a quarter level and 105×103 cells/ml at the udder level. The 77 per cent of udders and 80 per cent of quarters had milk SCC ≤100× 103 cells/ ml. The mean values for EC, pH, and lactose were observed as 3.77 mS/cm, 6.77and 6.08 per cent respectively. The 20.88 per cent of buffaloes were having specific subclinical mastitis, when SCC threshold of ≤100×103 cell/ml was used for defining the quarter health. The quarter wise affections were 7.99 per cent specific, 11.57 per cent non specific, and 7.71 per cent latent mastitis. Among 57 quarter infections (specific or latent), 28 (49%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16 (28%) S.aureus, 09 (16%) Streptococcus and 04 (7%) Corynebacterium spp. The QFM SCC was found significantly (p<0.05) higher in the infected quarter (356×103 cell/ml) than in healthy quarters (52×103 cell/ml).The streptococci resulted in highest milk SCC (710×103 cells/ml). The S.aureus resulted in a moderate rise (464 ×103 cells/ml) and CoNS mild rise (224 ×103 cells/ml). The corynebacteria initiated no significant reaction. The IMI with S. aureus and CoNS resulted in a significant difference (p < 0.01) for EC also. The parity showed significant associations (p<0.05) with SCC, EC and milk production, which increased from the 2nd parity onwards. The SCC showed (p< 0.05) a positive correlation with EC (0.38), fat (0.30), production (0.30) and pH (0.11), and negative correlation with SNF (-0.21) and lactose (-0.30). The season of calving revealed no significant effect on SCC and biochemical composition of milk. The EC, CMT and lactose were found significant parameters to differentiate healthy and mastitic quarters in buffaloes. The milk SCC and biochemical components showed significant variations over the lactation. The SCC was high at fresh calving (118×103 cell /ml), decreased significantly at 35-42 d (69 ×103cell/ml) and increased in the late lactation (94×103cell/ml). The EC (mS/cm) showed a continuous drop from stage I to IV (p < 0.05). The pH showed a rise up to stage III and then fell in late lactation (p<0.05). The fat, lactose, SNF and total protein were found more immediately post-calving, fell at 35-42 d, and rose in mid and late lactation (p< 0.05). The occurrence of quarter infections was lowest (10.25%) at calving, and maximum (31.03%) in late lactation (p < 0.01). The average BTM SCC for the whole herd under study was found as 263×103cell/ml. The BTM SCC for the whole herd was found highest in the hot-humid season (421×103cell/ml) and lowest (250×103cell/ml) in winter. In buffalo herd, it was highest in the autumn (232×103cell/ml) and lowest (106×103cell/ml) in winter (p < 0.01). In general, EC, pH, fat, SNF, total protein and lactose also showed significant differences over the seasons but no conclusive pattern could be defined.