Browsing by Author "Arulnathan, N"
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ArticleItem Open Access CARRYING CAPACITY OF AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION(2020-05) Arulnathan, N; Chellapandian, M; Thirumeigananam, D; TANUVASA study was conducted to assess the carrying capacity of Silvipasture in the dry land tract of Tamil Nadu for small ruminant production. One acre of land was earmarked for establishment of the silvipasture. Gliricdia sps. and Leucaena leucocephala were selected for tree component and the understorey, was utilized to establish pasture with Cenchrus ciliaris, Stylo hamata and Stylo scabraas as grass with seed ratio of 3:1:1. The biomass yield was recorded for three years at an interval of two months. The total biomass yield from the tree component, grass and legume component were 35-37 MT per annum. The biomass yield of the tree component, Gliricidia sps was higher than Leucaena leucocephala. The biomass yield from the grass and leguminous component by cut and carry system was able to supply fodder to meet nutrient requirements (BIS) of sheep and goat. It was concluded that as per the requirements for sheep and goats, by establishing this type of Silvipasture, the famers could maintain around 16-18 sheep or 12-14 goats in an economic way to enhance the revenue from the unit of land.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Different Dietary Oil Sources on Enrichment of Omega -3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Japanese Quail Meat(2019-12) Arulnathan, N; Karunakaran, R; Chellapandian, M; Balakrishnan, V; Selvan, ST; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inclusion level of different feed ingredients rich in omega-3 fatty acids tooptimizethe production of omega-3 enriched Japanese quail meat. The feeding trial was conducted in Japanese quail broiler chicks for five weeks (0 - 5 week) period. The experiment had six treatments (T1-PO 4%; T2 LO 4%: T3 LO 3% + SO 1%; T4 LO 2% + SO 2%; T5 LO 1% + SO 3%; T6 SO 4%) with various inclusion levels of different sources of omega-3 fatty acids (linseed oil / sardine oil) with six replicates in each treatment and each replicate had ten birds. Inclusion level of 3 % linseed oil and 1 % sardine fish oil was optimum for producing omega-3 fatty acids enriched Japanese quail meat. Japanese quail meat was enriched with ALA- 12.67%; EPA-2.11%; DHA-2.16% and n-3-16.95% (% of total fatty acids). Omega-3 fatty acids were enriched by 9.79 times and Omega-6 : Omega-3 ratio was narrowed by 9.8 times than that of control which is ideal for human consumption.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Different Dietary Oil Sources on Enrichment of Omega -3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Japanese Quail Meat(2019-12) Arulnathan, N; Karunakaran, R; Chellapandian, M; Balakrishnan, V; Selvan, ST; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inclusion level of different feed ingredients rich in omega-3 fatty acids tooptimizethe production of omega-3 enriched Japanese quail meat. The feeding trial was conducted in Japanese quail broiler chicks for five weeks (0 - 5 week) period. The experiment had six treatments (T1-PO 4%; T2 LO 4%: T3 LO 3% + SO 1%; T4 LO 2% + SO 2%; T5 LO 1% + SO 3%; T6 SO 4%) with various inclusion levels of different sources of omega-3 fatty acids (linseed oil / sardine oil) with six replicates in each treatment and each replicate had ten birds. Inclusion level of 3 % linseed oil and 1 % sardine fish oil was optimum for producing omega-3 fatty acids enriched Japanese quail meat. Japanese quail meat was enriched with ALA- 12.67%; EPA-2.11%; DHA-2.16% and n-3-16.95% (% of total fatty acids). Omega-3 fatty acids were enriched by 9.79 times and Omega-6 : Omega-3 ratio was narrowed by 9.8 times than that of control which is ideal for human consumption.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Inclusion of Raw or Water Soaked Black Gram Husk based Complete Ration for Sheep in In-vitro (RUSITEC)(2016) Arulnathan, N; Murugan, M; Balakrishnan, V; TANUVASIncubation trial was carried out with the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) to evaluate the inclusion of Black gram husk in the complete ration for sheep. A total of seven experimental complete rations with 11-12% of crude protein were prepared by replacing a test mix with the raw or water soaked husk at 0, 10, 20 or 30% level. The rations were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The IVDMD, in vitro nitrogen degradability, microbial protein synthesis and total short chain fatty acid production were significantly (P<0.01) high at 10% inclusion of raw or 30% inclusion of water soaked black gram husk in the complete rations for sheep. The raw black gram husk could be included up to 10% level in the complete mash ration for sheep. However, through the simple method of overnight water soaking the inclusion level of the black gram husk could be maximized to 30% in complete ration of sheep.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Nano Zinc Supplementation on Production Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics in Japanese Quail Broiler(2023-09) Arulnathan, N; Chellapandian, M; Geetha, K; Thirumeignanam, D; Vijayakumar, MP; TANUVASABSTRACT Background: Nano-technology is currently an emerging field and giving promising results with cost economics in the poultry nutrition sector. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano Zn supplementation on production performance, immune response and carcass characteristicsin Japanese quail broiler. Methods: Synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles was carried out by chemical method and characterized by standard techniques. Day old Japanese quail chicks (n=240) were randomly allotted in four treatment groups for feeding trial and fed with basal diet and source of zinc viz. for T1 inorganic zinc oxide, for T2, T3 and T4 nano zinc oxide was used at 75%, 50% and 25% levels of BIS recommendation for Zinc. Production parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and cost economics were studied. Result: Based on the data analysed T3 and T4 showed significantly (P<0.05) improved performance in production parameters like body weight gainand cumulative feed conversion ratio than T1 and T4. HI, titer value and carcass characteristics data also showed similar trend.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Supplementation of Graded Levels of Tanniferous Feeds on the Nutritional Quality of Hedge Lucerne Silage for Goats(2020) Thirumeignanam, D; Chellapandian, M; Arulnathan, N; TANUVASThe effects of supplementation of graded levels of Acacia nilotica pods on the characteristics and in vitro rumen fermentation of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) silage were evaluated in this study. Laboratory-scale silages were prepared in triplicates by adding Acacia nilotica pods (ANP) equivalent to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 percent (w/w) of tannin to fixed quantity of hedge lucerne forage. Following 45d of ensiling, the silage characteristics, in vitro nutrient digestibility, total gas, methane and ammonia production were evaluated. The results revealed that there was an increase (P<0.01) in the DM and total VFA contents of the silages accompanying a reduction (P<0.01) in pH value, CP andammonia-N contents at higher tannin levels. However, in-vitro CP degradability (P<0.01) and methane production (P<0.05) were significantly reduced in hedge lucerne silage supplemented with 3% tannin equivalent of ANP than 5% tannin level. It was concluded that supplementation of graded levels (up to 5%) of tannin equivalent of Acacia nilotica pods in hedge lucerne silage improved the quality of silage, but reduction of in vitro ruminal protein degradability and methane gas production was possible only at 3% tannin equivalent level.ArticleItem Open Access Effects of Treatments on the Total Tannins in Black Gram Husk(2013-09) Arulnathan, N; Murugan, M; Balakrishnan, V; TANUVASBlack gram (Vigna mungo) husk is one such agro-industrial by-products available in substantial quantity in Tamil Nadu.The use of tropical legume seeds and its by-products can be limited due to the presence of one or other toxic factors including tannins. Black gram husk samples were analyzed for total tannin.The total tannin content of black gram husk ranges from 2.70 to 4.55 per cent with a mean of 3.67 ┬▒ 0.31 percent. The ground samples of black gram husk were subjected to water soaking or calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] treatment to reduce the total tannins. When overnight water soaking or calcium hydroxide treatments were carried out the total tannins content in the husk was significantly (PяА╝0.01) reduced to 1.14 or 1.77 per cent respectively. Water soaking was more effective in reducing the total tannins than the calcium hydroxide treatment and it was cost effective and easily adopted by farming community to utilize the nutrient content in Black gram husk.ArticleItem Open Access EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES OF DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME BY INTEGRATING DIFFERENT AGRO FORESTRY MODELS WITH SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION(2020-05) Arulnathan, N; Chellapandian, M; Thirumeigananam, D; TANUVASA study was carried out for exploring the possibilities of doubling the farmersтАЩ income by integrating different agro forestry models with small ruminant production. Three types of agro-forestry models were established viz. Silvipature (Type I), Hortipasture (Type II) and Hortisilvipasture (Type III) each model with an area of one acre of land in the farmers field. The fodder tree saplings were planted at a space rate of 8 X 8тАЩ. Understorey pasture grass was established at a seed rate of Cenchrusciliaris (2kg), Guinea grass (0.5 kg) and Stylohamata (1.5 kg) and Styloscabra (1.5 kg). The horti-plants saplings were planted at a spacing about 25тАЩX 25тАЩ. The economics of the models under irrigated condition were studied for cost of establishment, expected income on integration with small ruminant component and additional income through horti-plants. Based on the biomass yield and anticipated integration with small ruminant component (16-20 sheep), the expected income in the three models were Rs.36,000/-Rs.32,400/- and Rs.28,800/- respectively for type I, II and III. The expected additional income from the horti plants from the fourth year was Rs. 18,000/- for type II and type III models. Hence it was observed that for effective utilization of available lands, establishment of horti-pasture and horti-silvi-pasture along with sheep production provided additional incomeArticleItem Open Access Exploring the possibilities of dried Gliricidia leaves as least cost protein supplement for goats(2020-05) Arulnathan, N; Chellapandian, M; Anuradha, P; TANUVASA study was conducted to explore the possibilities of Gliricidia dried leaves inclusion in the concentrate mixture for goats. For this, Gliricidia dried leaves were incorporated in the concentrate mixture for kids at 0, 20, 30 and 40 per cent levels. Twenty four weaned male kids were selected for this study and grouped randomly into four groups viz G-I, G-II,G-III and G-IV fed with the concentrate formulated with 0,20,30 and 40 percent of dried Gliricidia leaves incorporated. The trial feeds are iso-nitrogenic and iso-caloric to meet the daily requirement specified by BIS. This feeding trial was conducted for a period of three months. Daily dry matter intake and fortnightly body weight of goats were recorded. Gliricidia dried leaves contained 92.12, 17.95, 13.34, 3.03, and 12.30 per cent of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and total ash content. The gross energy content of the Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) was 3654 kcal/kg. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake, over all body weight gain and average daily gain. The cost per kg of feed was reduced on increasing the dried Gliricidia leaves from 0 to 40% level without affecting the normal growth performance.ArticleItem Open Access Nano zinc oxide тАУ An alternate zinc supplement for livestock(2020-01) Geetha, K; Chellapandian, M; Arulnathan, N; Ramanathan, A; TANUVASAim: This study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of nano ZnO in in vitro for the application of livestock feed supplement. Materials and Methods: Nano ZnO was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method using zinc acetate as a precursor and sodium hydroxide was used for reducing the precursor salt. The properties of synthesized powder were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)тАУvisible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activities were analyzed against the pathogenic bacteria in poultry Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus aeruginosa. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was conducted to analyze the cytotoxicity effect of nano ZnO. Results: SEM showed a spherical ZnO particle in the range of 70-100 nm. The size of the particle and purity of the sample were confirmed by XRD. The nano-sized ZnO particles exhibited the UV absorption peak at 335 nm. In FTIR spectroscopy, pure ZnO nanoparticles showed stretching vibrations at 4000-5000 cmтИТ1. ZnO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and S. aeruginosa bacterial strains. Cell viability was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the cytotoxicity study. Conclusion: From the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the lower cytotoxicity observed at the prescribed dose, it is concluded that nano ZnO powder is a potential alternate zinc supplement for livestock.ArticleItem Open Access роЖроЯрпБроХро│рпИродрпН родро╛роХрпНроХрпБроорпН ро╡рпЖроХрпНроХрпИроЪрпН роЪро╛ро░рпНрокрпБ роирпЛропрпН(2012-04) Chinnamani, K; Karnanidhi, K; Bandeshwaran, C; Arulnathan, N; Ravi, P; Bhagatsingh, P; Jayasudha, K; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access роХро╛ро▓рпНроироЯрпИ рооро▒рпНро▒рпБроорпН роХрпЛро┤ро┐родрпН родрпАро╡ройрокрпН рокроХрпБрокрпНрокро╛ропрпНро╡ро┐ройрпН роорпБроХрпНроХро┐ропродрпНродрпБро╡роорпН рооро▒рпНро▒рпБроорпН роХро│роЪрпН роЪрпЖропрпНроорпБро▒рпИроХро│рпН(TANUVAS, 2021-03) Thirumeignanam, T; Chellapandian, M; Arulnathan, N; Vijayakumar, MP; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access роЪрпЖроорпНрооро▒ро┐ропро╛роЯрпБроХро│ро┐ро▓рпН роЙро▒рпНрокродрпНродро┐родрпН родро┐ро▒ройрпН роорпЗроорпНрокроЯроЪрпН роЪро┐ро▓ роорпЗро▓ро╛рогрпНроорпИ роЙродрпНродро┐роХро│рпН(2011-10) Ramesh, V; Karnanidhi, K; Selvaraju, K; Bandeshwaran, C; Arulnathan, N; Chinnamani, K; Ravi, P; TANUVAS