Browsing by Author "Arshdeep Kaur"
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ThesisItem Open Access Deciphering the sulphur assimilation pathway in biofortified wheat and its relationship to zinc transport(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Arshdeep Kaur; Gupta, NehaThe present field research entitled “Deciphering the sulphur assimilation pathway in biofortified wheat and its relationship to zinc transport” was conducted in split-split plot design during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The main plot treatments were- control (no zinc) and high zinc conditions, where soil application of ZnSO4 was done at sowing. The wheat cultivars PBW 1Zn and PBW 725 acted as sub plots. The sub-sub plot treatments include: i) Control, ii) foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4, iii) foliar application of sulphur (S) @ 0.06%, iv) soil application of S at sowing followed by foliar S application same as (iii). Foliar application of chemicals in different treatments was done at earing and milking stage of crop. Rate of S application (in soil and foliar spray) was given as per S dose provided by ZnSO4 in present agronomic biofortified trail. Soil Zn application did not affect emergence count/m2 and percent moisture content of wheat crop at earlier growth stages. But there was a significant increase in cysteine content, Zn and S concentration of flag leaf and other tissues (peduncle and developing grain) at earing and milking stage under high Zn condition than the control. Among the varieties, PBW 1Zn had higher concentration of cysteine, Zn and S than PBW 725. In contrast to Zn, Fe concentration was found to be declined under high Zn conditions on significant basis. Further genetically biofortified PBW 1Zn exhibited significantly low Fe content than PBW 725 at periodic intervals. High soil Zn conditions and 0.5% foliar Zn spray was found to enhance grain yield by 4-11%. Among varieties, grain yield was significantly higher in PBW 725 which was due to more number of tillers and 1000 grain weight. Highest grain Zn content was observed in PBW 1Zn with 0.5% foliar ZnSO4 spray under high Zn conditions. Biochemical analysis in present study clearly showed that 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar treatment had higher Zn contents in flag leaf, peduncle and developing grain at successive stages of grain development and was also be able to enhance grain Zn significantly than other foliar treatment. Although soil S + foliar S application or foliar S alone had lower grain Zn than 0.5% ZnSO4 treatment; but this was significantly higher than control plants. Moreover increment in Fe content of developing grain with soil S + foliar S was significantly higher than 0.5% ZnSO4 and control plots. Non-significant differences were observed for quality parameters such as grain hardness, gluten content, gluten index under different soil Zn conditions. The variety PBW 725 had significantly higher gluten content than PBW 1Zn. Although the later variety contained more grain Zn than PBW 725. Present research clearly depicted an antagonistic crosstalk between Fe and Zn uptake and their translocation in biofortified wheat which modifies upon interaction with sulphur supply.ThesisItem Embargo Effect of biochar and bacterial endophytes on salinity tolerance in oats (Avena sativa L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Arshdeep Kaur; Gupta, NamartaThe present investigation was carried out to study the effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes for salt tolerance in oats (Avena sativa L.). Forty four morphologically distinct salinity-tolerant endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaf, stem and root samples of oats on nutrient agar with 2.5% NaCl and screened for the production of ammonia, auxins, siderophore and HCN; solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2, ZnO, Zn3(PO4) and ZnCO3 and salt tolerance up to 12% NaCl. Bacterial isolates showing high salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits were selected and tested for growth promotion of oats on 1% H2O agar plates. Three potential isolates were identified based on polyphasic approach as Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii O1SE4, Bacillus inaquosorum O3SE2 and Bacillus safensis O4SE1. The SEM analysis showed the colonization of the plant tissues by all the three bacterial strains. Total 25 genotypes were screened for germination parameters viz. percent germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index I and II, proline, SOD, POD and CAT under salt stress conditions and were grouped into highly salt tolerant, moderately salt tolerant, moderatly salt sensitive and highly salt sensitive. Among seed treatments, the combination of biochar (2%) and Bacillus safensis maximally improved the above parameters as compared to the other treatments of Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii, Bacillus inaquosorum and biochar (1%). The evaluation of biochar and bacterial strains was done in two salt tolerant and two salt sensitive genotypes grown in the pots. The highest plant height, SLW, NAR were observed with the bacterial treatment (Bacillus safensis) + biochar (2%). Among biochemical parameters chlorophyll, carotenoid, total soluble sugar, starch, total soluble protein and free amino acids along with activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT were enhanced by the application of Bacillus safensis and biochar (2%). Na+/K+/Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis was maintained by biochar and bacteria application. In conclusion, it is stated that the combined use of biochar and halotolerant endophytic bacteria can be used for improving the crop growth under salt stress in oats.ThesisItem Restricted Molecular and morphological characterization for heat stress tolerance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Arshdeep Kaur; Saini, Johar SinghWheat is cold loving crop and rising temperature especially at terminal stage is becoming constraint in wheat production to meet the food security. Plant breeders throughout the world are in continuous endeavour to develop superior wheat phenotypes that are better adapted to heat stress conditions by utilizing the available genetic variation. However, most of the heat related traits are quantitative in nature and controlled by large number of QTLs/genes. Therefore, present study was conducted with the aim to identify the presence of premapped QTLs in a set of 24 lines, which comprises of 19 heat tolerant lines for various complementary traits. Field evaluation of these lines was done by sowing on three different dates i.e. timely sown (D1), late sown (Date2) and very late sown (Date3) conditions in 4 replications. Data were collected on different plant morphological and reproductive traits viz; Grain yield (GY), Tiller Number (TN), Total biomass (TB), Grain number per spike (GNS), Vigour (Vi), Spikelet fertility (SF), Plant Height (PHE), Days to Maturity (DMA), Days to Heading (DHE) and Germination percentage (G%). Heat susceptibility indices were estimated to assess the susceptibility of these traits to the heat stress. Forty one SSR markers that were previously reported for heat QTLs were used to identify the lines for presence of the QTLs. Maximum number of QTLs were detected in chromosome 2A followed by 5B. Heat susceptibility indices of various phenotypic traits were compared with the presence of heat QTLs in the lines. It was found that for majority of the QTLs the lines showed HSI indices below 1.00, signifying the effect of the QTLs on the phenotypic performance. To validate these premapped QTLs a Doubled haploid population between KSG1196 and PBW343 used for segregation analysis. Chi square analysis in population revealed that, three out of four markers fit the segregation ratio, thus showing that QTLs can be used for further transfer or pyramiding without linkage drag.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the surgical treatment of obstructive colic in equine(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2015) Arshdeep Kaur; Singh, Simrat SagarThe present clinical study was conducted in two parts: In first part record of all colic cases presented at GADVASU Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of Ludhiana was maintained and out of these 9 cases were referred for surgical intervention. Most of the cases were presented in winter season which might be due to tendency of horses to drink less water. Patients for colic surgery were selected for exploratory celiotomy on an emergency basis having moderate to severe, persistent abdominal pain, lack of response to treatment with analgesic drugs and absence of intestinal borborygami. Abnormal findings on per rectum palpation and hematology, serum chemistry results helped in decision making and prognostic evaluation. The results showed that heart rate, respiration rate and PCV (mean±SE) on the day of surgery was higher in non-survivors than survivor intestinal colic patients. Non survivors also showed stress leukogram. Blood lactate level (mean±SE) was significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors at day of surgery and decreased post-operatively in survivors. Peritoneal fluid analysis showed increased mature neutrophils at day 2nd and 3rd of surgery. Peritoneal fluid total protein and lactate decreased on subsequent days post-operatively in survivors. Small colon fecolith (n=4) was observed in majority of cases followed by large colon impaction (n=3), pelvic flexure fecolith (n=2). Histopathology of intestinal biopsy samples showed marked disarray of muscles with stretching of epithelium and marked dialation of underlying crypts. Immunohistochemistry showed marked increase in expression of TNF-a and IL-8 IN the intestinal biopsy samples. Short-term survivability (discharge from hospital) was 66.66% and Long-term survival in horses with colic surgery was estimated to be 55.55% and all the horses returned to its normal function. Colic surgery has fairly high short-term and long term success rateThesisItem Embargo Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem: A Case Study of Harike Wetland, Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Arshdeep Kaur; Guleria, AmitThe present study entitled “Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem: A Case Study of Harike Wetland, Punjab” was conducted to examine the status of wetlands in Punjab vis-à-vis India, identification and valuation of various use and non-use values of ecosystem services of Harike Wetland and to identify the causes of wetland degradation and suggests policy measures during the year 2022-23. A sample of 400 respondents, including local households (100), tourists (100), and non-users (200), was randomly chosen. To estimate the use value of the wetland for local households Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Tobit regression model was employed revealing that family expenditure, education, and gender significantly influenced the willingness to pay for wetland conservation. The study also estimated the existence value of the wetland using CVM and Tobit regression analysis of non-users' responses. The results showed that family income, education, age, religion, and caste were significant factors affecting the willingness to pay for the wetland's existence value. The recreational value of the wetland for tourists was captured using the Travel Cost Method (TCM) and a Poisson regression model. The findings indicated that as travel costs increased, the visitation rate decreased. Factors such as family income, education, marital status, religion, gender, caste, and family expenditure per month significantly influenced the recreational value. The estimated annual economic value of the wetland, including use (Rs. 26.78 crore), existence (Rs. 29.08 crore), and recreational (Rs. 10.04 crore) values, was calculated to be Rs. 65.90 crore. Furthermore, the study emphasized the need to address the degradation of the wetland caused by excessive weed growth and industrial effluents. Integrated weed control practices and the prohibition of human activities near the wetland are recommended. Employment opportunities and awareness programs are also suggested to promote wildlife preservation and maintain the ecosystem's balance, biodiversity, and protection of endangered species.