Browsing by Author "Anil Ahuja"
Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Efficacy of Antioxidants in Donkeys in Varying Ambient Temperatures(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2012) Ramesh Kumar; Anil AhujaTwelve adult indigenous donkeys were taken in study; packing exercise was given for two hours (walking with weight of 50% of body weight on back) and given every 9th day of the season. The study was carried out in spring, summer, rainy, autumn and winter seasons of the year. Spring season was kept as control season to study the effect of ambient temperature variation on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation containing lutein, lycopene and vitamin E were given 0.5, 0.5 and 5 mg per kg body weight each in soya oil @ 10 ml/100 kg body weight for 45 days in each season. The donkeys were divided in two groups, group (i) treatment and group (ii) control; equally 6 donkeys were kept in each group. Blood levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Blood levels of pre exercise malondialdehyde were 18.47±0.89, 28.01±1.24, 27.32±1.80, 19.73±0.95, and 16.79±0.91nanomol/ml in spring, summer, rainy, autumn and winter season respectively in control group and post exercise 19.66±1.00 33.75±1.72, 30.30±2.03, 20.63±0.99, 18.12±0.97nanomol/ml in spring, summer, rainy, autumn and winter, respectively. Blood malondialdehyde was increased significantly after exercise. Seasonal variation of malondialdehyde indicated rise of oxidative stress with increase in ambient temperature, humidity and day length. Catalase, SOD, reduced glutathione and vitamin C, which are the part of antioxidant defence mechanism also found significantly low in summer and rainy season in compare to control spring season. These biomarkers (CAT, SOD, GSH, vitamin C) were at their peak levels in winter season. Following exercise there was compensatory increase in the level of catalase, SOD and reduced glutathione irrespective of season. There was increase in the serum concentration of carotene (control;2.47±0.12and treatment2.82±.09 mg/litre in spring) and vitamin E (control;2.03±0.08 and treatment 2.30±0.07 mg/litre in spring) in treatment group in due to supplementation with vitamin E and carotenes (lutein and lycopene). While serum vitamin A concentration did not change after supplementation. Serum vitamin A concentration was also not affected by exercise while serum vitamin E and C were decreased following exercise. There was no seasonal and post exercise variation in serum vitamin A concentration, it might be due to storage reserve of vitamin A in liver. Exercise has significantly increased activity of serum creatinine kinase (CK) in both groups in each season, there was no significant difference observed in treatment and control group and no significant seasonal variation observed in CK activity. There was significant seasonal variation in serum cortisol concentration with peak in summer and rainy season relates the direct impact of high ambient temperature on stress. Significantly low level of cortisol was observed in antioxidant supplemented group. It was concluded from the study that there is significant seasonal variation in biomarkers of oxidative stress in donkeys.Oxidative stress in donkeys increases with rise in ambient temperature, humidity and day length and antioxidant supplementation is effective to reduce oxidative stress in donkeys in hot and humid environmental conditions.Exercise induces oxidative stress in donkeys, which cannot be prevented with lutein, lycopene and vitamin E combination in the doses used in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF HEAT STROKE IN CATTLE(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2016) Kiran; Anil AhujaThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON CANINE ARRHYTHMIAS(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2012) PRIYANKA; Anil AhujaThe present study was conducted to diagnose and classify arrhythmias employing electrocardiogram; to study prevalence and occurrence; to study haemato – biochemical changes; to study the cardiac silhouette employing radiograph. The overall prevalence rate and occurrence of arrhythmia in dogs was 10.67% (96/900) and 64% (96/150), respectively. Labrador, Pomeranian, nondescript and German shepherd dogs predominated the scene with higher frequency of arrhythmia in male dogs. Age group of more than 6 year old had high frequency of arrhythmia. On the basis of electrocardiographic features 14 types of arrhythmias were diagnosed as sinus tachycardia (58.33%), sinus arrhythmia (10.41%), bradycardia (2.08%), wandering pacemaker (5.21%), atrial tachycardia (3.13%), atrial premature complex (3.13%), atrial fibrillation (5.21%), AV junctional escape rhythm (1.04%), ventricular premature complex (1.04%), ventricular tachycardia (1.04%), sinus block (3.13)%, silent atrium (2.08%), 1st degree AV block (3.13%) and 2nd degree AV block (1.04%). Weakness, depression, exercise intolerance, lethargy, syncope, dullness, easy exertion and posterior weakness were predominant Clinical signs of arrhythmic dogs and were not specific and pathognomonic. Increased hemoglobin level and packed cell volume were recorded in arrhythmias of serious and fatal nature. Potassium was increased in bradycardia and reduced in tachycardiac dogs. Blood urea was high in sinus tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Blood glucose level was higher in tachycardia and lower bradycardia. Total serum protein was decreased in tachycardia and atrial arrhythmias; and increased in bradycardia. Low level of Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in dogs with tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Values of AST, ALT and LDH were higher and CK was lower in tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON CANINE ARRHYTHMIAS(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2012) PRIYANKA; Anil AhujaThe present study was conducted to diagnose and classify arrhythmias employing electrocardiogram; to study prevalence and occurrence; to study haemato – biochemical changes; to study the cardiac silhouette employing radiograph. The overall prevalence rate and occurrence of arrhythmia in dogs was 10.67% (96/900) and 64% (96/150), respectively. Labrador, Pomeranian, nondescript and German shepherd dogs predominated the scene with higher frequency of arrhythmia in male dogs. Age group of more than 6 year old had high frequency of arrhythmia. On the basis of electrocardiographic features 14 types of arrhythmias were diagnosed as sinus tachycardia (58.33%), sinus arrhythmia (10.41%), bradycardia (2.08%), wandering pacemaker (5.21%), atrial tachycardia (3.13%), atrial premature complex (3.13%), atrial fibrillation (5.21%), AV junctional escape rhythm (1.04%), ventricular premature complex (1.04%), ventricular tachycardia (1.04%), sinus block (3.13)%, silent atrium (2.08%), 1st degree AV block (3.13%) and 2nd degree AV block (1.04%). Weakness, depression, exercise intolerance, lethargy, syncope, dullness, easy exertion and posterior weakness were predominant Clinical signs of arrhythmic dogs and were not specific and pathognomonic. Increased hemoglobin level and packed cell volume were recorded in arrhythmias of serious and fatal nature. Potassium was increased in bradycardia and reduced in tachycardiac dogs. Blood urea was high in sinus tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Blood glucose level was higher in tachycardia and lower bradycardia. Total serum protein was decreased in tachycardia and atrial arrhythmias; and increased in bradycardia. Low level of Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in dogs with tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Values of AST, ALT and LDH were higher and CK was lower in tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON CANINE ARRHYTHMIAS(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2012) PRIYANKA; Anil AhujaThe present study was conducted to diagnose and classify arrhythmias employing electrocardiogram; to study prevalence and occurrence; to study haemato – biochemical changes; to study the cardiac silhouette employing radiograph. The overall prevalence rate and occurrence of arrhythmia in dogs was 10.67% (96/900) and 64% (96/150), respectively. Labrador, Pomeranian, nondescript and German shepherd dogs predominated the scene with higher frequency of arrhythmia in male dogs. Age group of more than 6 year old had high frequency of arrhythmia. On the basis of electrocardiographic features 14 types of arrhythmias were diagnosed as sinus tachycardia (58.33%), sinus arrhythmia (10.41%), bradycardia (2.08%), wandering pacemaker (5.21%), atrial tachycardia (3.13%), atrial premature complex (3.13%), atrial fibrillation (5.21%), AV junctional escape rhythm (1.04%), ventricular premature complex (1.04%), ventricular tachycardia (1.04%), sinus block (3.13)%, silent atrium (2.08%), 1st degree AV block (3.13%) and 2nd degree AV block (1.04%). Weakness, depression, exercise intolerance, lethargy, syncope, dullness, easy exertion and posterior weakness were predominant Clinical signs of arrhythmic dogs and were not specific and pathognomonic. Increased hemoglobin level and packed cell volume were recorded in arrhythmias of serious and fatal nature. Potassium was increased in bradycardia and reduced in tachycardiac dogs. Blood urea was high in sinus tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Blood glucose level was higher in tachycardia and lower bradycardia. Total serum protein was decreased in tachycardia and atrial arrhythmias; and increased in bradycardia. Low level of Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in dogs with tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia. Values of AST, ALT and LDH were higher and CK was lower in tachycardia, atrial arrhythmia and bradycardia.ThesisItem Open Access Clinical Studies On Digestive Disorders in Camel (Camelus dromedarius)(Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner – 334 001(Rajasthan), 2008) Bhagat Singh Choudhary; Anil AhujaAn attempt to evaluate clinical studies and therapeutic effects on digestive disorders viz. indigestion, enteritis and impaction of rumen was made at Medicine Clinic of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, on a total number of 30 camels suffering from digestive disorders and compared with 10 apparently healthy camels.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON EQUINE COLIC(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2011) Nazeer Mohammed; Anil AhujaAn attempt to diagnose the colic in equines on the basis of clinical symptoms having history of abdominal pain in clinic of Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, CVAS, Bikaner; Veterinary Polyclinic, Gogagate, Bikaner; National Research Centre on Equine, Bikaner and in and around Bikaner region, which is located in northwestern semi arid part of Rajasthan, was carried out. In the present study, out of 132 equines, 17 equines were found colicky and compared with 10 apparently healthy equines. The overall prevalence of equine colic was observed as 12.87%. According to type of colic, the prevalence was found 29.41% in impactive colic and 70.59% in spasmodic colic. The mortality rate in equines was observed as 11.76%. There was great variation in duration and severity of clinical manifestation. However, loss of appetite and depression, repeatedly lying down and stretching out the body with legs, lip curling and pawing, looking back at flank region and kicking at the belly, disturbed urination pattern, rolling and severe sweating were observed in 100%, 74%, 60%, 47%, 40% and 27% of cases, respectively. Before treatment, the clinical parameters like pulse rate, respiration rate and capillary refill time was highly significant increase, however, temperature was non- significantly decreased in colicky equines. Hemoconcentration and dehydration were evident at severity of colic indicated by significant increase in Hb, TEC and highly significant increase in PCV but significant decrease in TLC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and highly significant decrease in total platelet were observed before treatment. Eosinophil and monocyte were non-significantly decreased. Biochemical parameters like total protein, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, blood lactate and alkaline phosphatase were highly significantly increased and serum creatinine was also significantly increased but within reference limits. These all clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters were within reference range after treatment and almost similar to healthy control group. All the colicky cases were divided into two groups (impactive colic and spasmodic colic) and the treatment were given as per requirement or according to type and severity of colic. As per result regarding symptomatic therapy which includes Xylazine hydrochloride, Hyoscine butylbromide, Pentazocine, Dicyclomine hydrochloride, Magnesium sulphate, Ranitidine, Neostigmine, Mineral oil, Penicillin and Fluid and electrolyte therapy were found highly effective treatment of equine colic.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CARDIOMYOPATHY IN CANINE(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001, 2013) NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH; Anil AhujaThe present study was conducted to study clinical profile, electrocardiographic profile, to compare the efficacy of ECGs, radiography and cardiac Troponin I and undertake rationale treatment. The overall prevalence rate of cardiomyopathy in dogs was 6.57% (23/350). Pomeranian and German Shepherd dogs predominated the scene with higher frequency of cardiomyopathy in male dogs. Age group of more than 5 year old had high frequency of cardiomyopathy. Anorexia/reduced appetite, weakness/depression/dullness, easy exertion, refractory appetite, ascites, posterior weakness, coughing, dyspnoea, Jugular distension/ pulsation, mucus membrane pale/muddy/ cyanotic, weight loss, weak femoral pulse/ pulse deficit and syncope were predominant clinical signs of cardiomyopathic dogs. Radiographic silhouette of the heart in most cases was within limit and vertebral heart score (VHS) was more than or equal 8.7 to less than or equal 10.7. On the basis of electrocardiographic features 11 types of cardiomyopathy were diagnosed as sinus tachycardia (8.69%), sinus arrhythmia (4.34%), right atrial enlargement (4.34%), left atrial enlargement (21.73%), atrial tachycardia (8.69%), atrial fibrillation (17.39%), atrial premature complex (8.69%), left ventricular enlargement (34.78%), ventricular premature complex (13.04%), ventricular tachycardia (8.69%) and sinus arrest (13.04%). In most of cases (95.65%) cardiac Troponin I was found positive (>0.1ng/ml). Cardiac Troponin I is highly sensitive to diagnose the cardiomyopathy.