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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nutrient Management and Irrigation Scheduling on Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-11) Anand Kumar; (K.G. Yadav)ABSTRACT Name : ANAND KUMAR Major : Agronomy Id No. : 4814 Minor : Soil Science Admission : 2019-20 Advisor : Dr. K.G. Yadav Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) Department : Agronomy Thesis title : “Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Oilseed crop has been the backbone agriculture economy of India from time immemorial. Amongst the various oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard (Brassica Spp.) are the third most important oilseed crop after groundnut and soya been in India occupying 6.18 Mha acreage, 7.36 Mt production and 1109 kg hectare productivity. In India Brassica Species are mostly grown in North India Region Consisting of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana Part of Himanchal Pradesh and are adopted to varies agro-climatic condition. Mustard is also called as raj raya or Laha it is supposed to be native of India. Among India Sates, Rajasthan First Ranks First Both Area and production of mustard with 2.33 Mt and 2.70 Mt respectively it is followed the state of Uttar Pradesh where mustard is grown on 12.95 lakh/ha with 8.00 lakh ton seed production and 730. Kg /ha productivity. However, Gujrat states highest productivity of mustard (1510 kg/ha) in the country. Upadhyay et al. (2018). A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Crop Research Center. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and technology, Meerut (U.P.) to evaluate the Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) The was laid out in split design with three replications. The rabi season experiment comprised of five levels of irrigation scheduling Growth stage (I1) Pre flowering stage (I2) Growth + siliqua stage (I3) Pre – flowering + siliqua stage (I4) Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5). and five level of nutrient management viz; Control (N1) RDF (120:60:40:40) (N2) RDF + Zn + B (N3) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) 25% (N4) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5). The plant hight varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. the maximum plant hight was recorded in. Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) at all the stage of crop growth, while the minimum plant hight was observed with the application of Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) at all the growth stage. Yield attributing characters like length of siliqua-1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight exhibited variations due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. With the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) highest mean length of siliqua -1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight was recorded. The highest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and the lowest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . protein content also varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management . the maximum protein content was found in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and minimum protein content was found in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . nutrient content and their uptake by mustard seed and stover was influenced significantly due to irrigation scheduling and nutrient. Maximum and minimum nutrient content and their uptake were recorded with Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) , respectively. the oil content varied significantly under different treatments. The maximum oil content was found with the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatments. The minimum oil content was found in Growth stage (I1) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) . gross income and net profit were found significantly higher with the combination application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5)( Rs. 108318 and Rs. 82688), respectively over rest of treatment benefit : cost ratio was significantly affected by application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) alone with mean value 2.53 followed by remaining treatments. Thus , it may be concluded that application of Growth + Pre-flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatment , stage seems to best option for achieving higher yield and net returns from mustard crop. (K.G. Yadav) (Anand Kumar) Chairman Advisory Committee Author ABSTRACT Name : ANAND KUMAR Major : Agronomy Id No. : 4814 Minor : Soil Science Admission : 2019-20 Advisor : Dr. K.G. Yadav Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) Department : Agronomy Thesis title : “Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Oilseed crop has been the backbone agriculture economy of India from time immemorial. Amongst the various oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard (Brassica Spp.) are the third most important oilseed crop after groundnut and soya been in India occupying 6.18 Mha acreage, 7.36 Mt production and 1109 kg hectare productivity. In India Brassica Species are mostly grown in North India Region Consisting of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana Part of Himanchal Pradesh and are adopted to varies agro-climatic condition. Mustard is also called as raj raya or Laha it is supposed to be native of India. Among India Sates, Rajasthan First Ranks First Both Area and production of mustard with 2.33 Mt and 2.70 Mt respectively it is followed the state of Uttar Pradesh where mustard is grown on 12.95 lakh/ha with 8.00 lakh ton seed production and 730. Kg /ha productivity. However, Gujrat states highest productivity of mustard (1510 kg/ha) in the country. Upadhyay et al. (2018). A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Crop Research Center. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and technology, Meerut (U.P.) to evaluate the Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) The was laid out in split design with three replications. The rabi season experiment comprised of five levels of irrigation scheduling Growth stage (I1) Pre flowering stage (I2) Growth + siliqua stage (I3) Pre – flowering + siliqua stage (I4) Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5). and five level of nutrient management viz; Control (N1) RDF (120:60:40:40) (N2) RDF + Zn + B (N3) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) 25% (N4) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5). The plant hight varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. the maximum plant hight was recorded in. Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) at all the stage of crop growth, while the minimum plant hight was observed with the application of Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) at all the growth stage. Yield attributing characters like length of siliqua-1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight exhibited variations due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. With the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) highest mean length of siliqua -1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight was recorded. The highest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and the lowest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . protein content also varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management . the maximum protein content was found in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and minimum protein content was found in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . nutrient content and their uptake by mustard seed and stover was influenced significantly due to irrigation scheduling and nutrient. Maximum and minimum nutrient content and their uptake were recorded with Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) , respectively. the oil content varied significantly under different treatments. The maximum oil content was found with the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatments. The minimum oil content was found in Growth stage (I1) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) . gross income and net profit were found significantly higher with the combination application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5)( Rs. 108318 and Rs. 82688), respectively over rest of treatment benefit : cost ratio was significantly affected by application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) alone with mean value 2.53 followed by remaining treatments. Thus , it may be concluded that application of Growth + Pre-flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatment , stage seems to best option for achieving higher yield and net returns from mustard crop. (K.G. Yadav) (Anand Kumar) Chairman Advisory Committee Author ABSTRACT Name : ANAND KUMAR Major : Agronomy Id No. : 4814 Minor : Soil Science Admission : 2019-20 Advisor : Dr. K.G. Yadav Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) Department : Agronomy Thesis title : “Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Oilseed crop has been the backbone agriculture economy of India from time immemorial. Amongst the various oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard (Brassica Spp.) are the third most important oilseed crop after groundnut and soya been in India occupying 6.18 Mha acreage, 7.36 Mt production and 1109 kg hectare productivity. In India Brassica Species are mostly grown in North India Region Consisting of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana Part of Himanchal Pradesh and are adopted to varies agro-climatic condition. Mustard is also called as raj raya or Laha it is supposed to be native of India. Among India Sates, Rajasthan First Ranks First Both Area and production of mustard with 2.33 Mt and 2.70 Mt respectively it is followed the state of Uttar Pradesh where mustard is grown on 12.95 lakh/ha with 8.00 lakh ton seed production and 730. Kg /ha productivity. However, Gujrat states highest productivity of mustard (1510 kg/ha) in the country. Upadhyay et al. (2018). A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Crop Research Center. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and technology, Meerut (U.P.) to evaluate the Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) The was laid out in split design with three replications. The rabi season experiment comprised of five levels of irrigation scheduling Growth stage (I1) Pre flowering stage (I2) Growth + siliqua stage (I3) Pre – flowering + siliqua stage (I4) Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5). and five level of nutrient management viz; Control (N1) RDF (120:60:40:40) (N2) RDF + Zn + B (N3) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) 25% (N4) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5). The plant hight varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. the maximum plant hight was recorded in. Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) at all the stage of crop growth, while the minimum plant hight was observed with the application of Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) at all the growth stage. Yield attributing characters like length of siliqua-1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight exhibited variations due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. With the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) highest mean length of siliqua -1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight was recorded. The highest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and the lowest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . protein content also varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management . the maximum protein content was found in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and minimum protein content was found in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . nutrient content and their uptake by mustard seed and stover was influenced significantly due to irrigation scheduling and nutrient. Maximum and minimum nutrient content and their uptake were recorded with Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) , respectively. the oil content varied significantly under different treatments. The maximum oil content was found with the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatments. The minimum oil content was found in Growth stage (I1) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) . gross income and net profit were found significantly higher with the combination application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5)( Rs. 108318 and Rs. 82688), respectively over rest of treatment benefit : cost ratio was significantly affected by application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) alone with mean value 2.53 followed by remaining treatments. Thus , it may be concluded that application of Growth + Pre-flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatment , stage seems to best option for achieving higher yield and net returns from mustard crop. (K.G. Yadav) (Anand Kumar) Chairman Advisory Committee AuthorThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nutrient Management and Irrigation Scheduling on Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-11) Anand Kumar; (K.G. Yadav)ABSTRACT Name : ANAND KUMAR Major : Agronomy Id No. : 4814 Minor : Soil Science Admission : 2019-20 Advisor : Dr. K.G. Yadav Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) Department : Agronomy Thesis title : “Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Oilseed crop has been the backbone agriculture economy of India from time immemorial. Amongst the various oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard (Brassica Spp.) are the third most important oilseed crop after groundnut and soya been in India occupying 6.18 Mha acreage, 7.36 Mt production and 1109 kg hectare productivity. In India Brassica Species are mostly grown in North India Region Consisting of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana Part of Himanchal Pradesh and are adopted to varies agro-climatic condition. Mustard is also called as raj raya or Laha it is supposed to be native of India. Among India Sates, Rajasthan First Ranks First Both Area and production of mustard with 2.33 Mt and 2.70 Mt respectively it is followed the state of Uttar Pradesh where mustard is grown on 12.95 lakh/ha with 8.00 lakh ton seed production and 730. Kg /ha productivity. However, Gujrat states highest productivity of mustard (1510 kg/ha) in the country. Upadhyay et al. (2018). A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Crop Research Center. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and technology, Meerut (U.P.) to evaluate the Effect of nutrient management and irrigation scheduling on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) The was laid out in split design with three replications. The rabi season experiment comprised of five levels of irrigation scheduling Growth stage (I1) Pre flowering stage (I2) Growth + siliqua stage (I3) Pre – flowering + siliqua stage (I4) Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5). and five level of nutrient management viz; Control (N1) RDF (120:60:40:40) (N2) RDF + Zn + B (N3) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) 25% (N4) 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5). The plant hight varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. the maximum plant hight was recorded in. Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) at all the stage of crop growth, while the minimum plant hight was observed with the application of Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) at all the growth stage. Yield attributing characters like length of siliqua-1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight exhibited variations due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. With the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) highest mean length of siliqua -1, number of siliqua -1 , seed siliqua-1, and 1000- seed weight was recorded. The highest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and the lowest seed yield, stover yield and biological yield was recorded in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . protein content also varied significantly due to different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management . the maximum protein content was found in Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and minimum protein content was found in Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) . nutrient content and their uptake by mustard seed and stover was influenced significantly due to irrigation scheduling and nutrient. Maximum and minimum nutrient content and their uptake were recorded with Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) and Growth stage (I1) and Control (N1) , respectively. the oil content varied significantly under different treatments. The maximum oil content was found with the application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatments. The minimum oil content was found in Growth stage (I1) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) . gross income and net profit were found significantly higher with the combination application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5)( Rs. 108318 and Rs. 82688), respectively over rest of treatment benefit : cost ratio was significantly affected by application of Growth + Pre- flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) alone with mean value 2.53 followed by remaining treatments. Thus , it may be concluded that application of Growth + Pre-flowering + siliqua (I5) and 75% RDF + 6 tonne (FYM) + Zn + B (N5) treatment , stage seems to best option for achieving higher yield and net returns from mustard crop. (K.G. Yadav) (Anand Kumar) Chairman Advisory Committee AuthorThesisItem Open Access Effect of priming with Moringa oleifera leaf extract on sorghum under salt stress(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Anand Kumar; Oberoi, Harpreet KaurIn the present study, seeds of fourteen sweet sorghum genotypes were treated with different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). All germination traits decreased with increased salinity. Based on germination traits and dendogram obtained at 100 mM NaCl, PHULE VASUNDHARA and SPV 2074 were selected as tolerant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Seeds of selected genotypes were primed with 10% Moringa oleifera leaf extract and grown in Hoagland‟s solution with and without 100 mM NaCl concentration. NaClinduced the activities of SOD (in roots), POX and PPO and reduced the activities of NR, NiR and GOGAT, however, significant improvement in the activities were observed with MLE in shoots and roots of two contrasting genotypes at 10 DAG. Salt stress resulted in increased Na+/K+ ratio, H2O2, MDA, sugars, phenols and decreased total chlorophyll. Gene expression of antioxidative enzymes was upregulated under salt stress in shoots and roots of both primed genotypes. Salt stress resulted higher PPO, GOGAT, NiR and NR gene expressions in shoots of both contrasting genotypes with priming conditions. Expression of HAK gene was higher in primed SPV 2074 shoot and root without salt stress. In both tissues of tolerant and susceptible genotypes, expression of HKT-6 was higher with and without priming under both control and salt stress conditions. Therefore, the present investigation suggests that moringa seed priming impact the growth, enzymatic activities as well as gene expression under salt stress in sweet sorghum.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of priming with Moringa oleifera leaf extract on sorghum under salt stress(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Anand Kumar; Oberoi, Harpreet KaurIn the present study, seeds of fourteen sweet sorghum genotypes were treated with different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). All germination traits decreased with increased salinity. Based on germination traits and dendogram obtained at 100 mM NaCl, PHULE VASUNDHARA and SPV 2074 were selected as tolerant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Seeds of selected genotypes were primed with 10% Moringa oleifera leaf extract and grown in Hoagland‟s solution with and without 100 mM NaCl concentration. NaClinduced the activities of SOD (in roots), POX and PPO and reduced the activities of NR, NiR and GOGAT, however, significant improvement in the activities were observed with MLE in shoots and roots of two contrasting genotypes at 10 DAG. Salt stress resulted in increased Na+/K+ ratio, H2O2, MDA, sugars, phenols and decreased total chlorophyll. Gene expression of antioxidative enzymes was upregulated under salt stress in shoots and roots of both primed genotypes. Salt stress resulted higher PPO, GOGAT, NiR and NR gene expressions in shoots of both contrasting genotypes with priming conditions. Expression of HAK gene was higher in primed SPV 2074 shoot and root without salt stress. In both tissues of tolerant and susceptible genotypes, expression of HKT-6 was higher with and without priming under both control and salt stress conditions. Therefore, the present investigation suggests that moringa seed priming impact the growth, enzymatic activities as well as gene expression under salt stress in sweet sorghum.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of season on the expression of fertility marker genes in Marwari stallion sperm(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2021) Anand Kumar; Dr. Ashok KumarThe present research work was conducted to study the expression of fertility marker genes and the effect of season on expression of fertility marker genes in Marwari stallions. Six Marwari breed stallions located at Equine Production Campus (EPC), ICAR-National Research Center on Equines, Bikaner and maintained under uniform and standard conditions of management were used. Ejaculates (n=6) were collected from each stallion by an AV (colorado style) using a docile mare as dummy twice a week in the breeding season (July-August) as well as in the non-breeding season (December-January). Various sexual behaviour parameters (reaction time, erection time, ejaculation time and number of thrusts) were also measured during the semen collection. Just after collection, macroscopic evaluation of ejaculates was done. The gel was separated from the collected ejaculates and gel free semen was divided into two parts (A and B). Part A was used for evaluation of various fresh seminal parameters (total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm viability, sperm morphological abnormalities and sperm plasma membrane integrity). Part B was centrifuged to separate sperm pellet which was used to study the expression of fertility related marker genes (CRISP3, UBQ, PRM1, PLCz1, SPATA1 and SP17) in spermatozoa using real time PCR. The overall mean values of the reaction time, erection time and number of thrusts were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the non-breeding season than the breeding season while for the ejaculation time no significant difference was observed between the seasons. The colour of semen was graded as watery-milky or milky-white or creamy-white and the consistency of ii semen was thin in the breeding season as well as in the non-breeding season. The overall mean of total ejaculate volume (P<0.01), gel volume (P<0.01) and gel free seminal volume (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the breeding season than the non-breeding season. No significant difference was found between the seasons for the mean seminal pH and sperm concentration. The overall mean values of total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm viability and HOST positive spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the breeding season, while, overall mean values of total sperm morphological abnormalities, sperm head abnormalities, sperm mid piece abnormalities and sperm tail abnormalities were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the non-breeding season. The overall mean CT values of PLCz1, CRISP3, PRM1, SPATA1, SP17 and UBQ were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the breeding season than the non-breeding season. All the six fertility related marker genes showed differential expression between the seasons and the expression of CRISP3 and UBQ was more in the breeding season while PLCz1, PRM1, SPATA1 and SP17 expressed more in the nonbreeding season. It was inferred from the study that CRISP3, UBQ, PLCz1, PRM1, SPATA1 and SP17 fertility related marker genes expressed in the sperm of Marwari stallions in the breeding season as well as in the nonbreeding season. CRISP3 and UBQ genes expressed more in the breeding season while PLCz1, PRM1, SPATA1 and SP17 expressed more in the nonbreeding season. Sexual behavior parameters and semen quality parameters differ between the breeding and non-breeding season with better performances in the breeding season.ThesisItem Restricted Genetic diversity and characterization of buffalo breeds by RAPD-PCR(LUVAS, 2008) Anand Kumar; Sangwan, M.L.The present study was conducted for breed characterization and genetic diversity within and between Murrah, Bhadawari and Nili-Ravi breeds by RAPD-PCR. Genomic DNA was isolated from 20 unrelated animals of each breed. DNA was evaluated for quality, purity and concentration. Optimization of PCR was carried out using various concentrations of different components of reaction mixture. Out of 40 random primers of operon series OPU and OPV, only ten were found informative and were used further for amplication of genomic DNA. From the amplification profile of these primers values of band frequency, genetic distance, genetic similarity, band sharing frequency, average percentage difference and mean average percentage difference were calculated from ten random primers a total of 188 bands were amplified between as in three breed and out of these 112 were polymorphic (59.57%). In Murrah, VI Bhadawari and Nili-Ravi overall percentage polymorphism of 65.51, 63.49 and 53.44 observed, respectively. Higher genetic similarity of 0.84, 0.77 and 0.70 in Murrah, Bhadawari and Nili-Ravi, respectively. MAPD value of 11.41, 13.62 and 18.53 were observed in Murrah, Bhadawari and Nili-Ravi while MAPD of 69.0, 67.0 and 40.0 were observed between Bhadawari and Nili-Ravi, Bhadawari and Murrah and Murrah and Nili-Ravi, respectively. These values indicated that higher genetic diversity between breeds. Five primers (OPU-05, OPU-14, OPU-19, OPV-14, OPV-20) resolved Murrah specific bands while five primers gave Bhadawari specific bands viz. (OPU-01, OPU-05, OPU-07, OPU-14 and OPV-14) and five primers gave Nili-Ravi specific bands viz. (OPU-02, OPU-05, OPU-19, OPV-01, and OPV-14) were found to be specific for these breeds.ThesisItem Open Access Induction Of Genetic Variability By Physical And Chemical Mutagens In Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek)(Rajendra Agricultural University;Samastipur, 2006) Anand Kumar; Rajendra PrasadThesisItem Open Access Influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and their impact on rhizospheric microbial diversity(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Anand Kumar; Sharma, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access Modulatory effects of ascorbic acid in fresh water fish cirrhinus mrigala exposed to heavy metals(CCSHAU, 2008) Anand Kumar; Sabhlok, V.P.Some heavy metals are useful for animal body which helps in growth and other metabolic function of the body. But some other heavy metals are not useful for body. Zinc is useful for body but to a limit. Whenever this limit increases it can change biochemical composition of body. The aim of present investigation was to study the effects of heavy metals viz., zinc and lead in fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala with or without ascorbic acid feeding so as to find out the ameliorating effects of the ascorbic acid. The heavy metal treatment of 45 days resulted in disfunctioning in swimming, feeding, behaviour, body colour and some diseases like hemorrhage, fin erosion, scale erosion, blood oozing etc. in fish body because of biochemical changes in fish body. Liver/serum protein level decreased in both the treatments of zinc and lead. A maximum reduction of protein was at higher dose level of heavy metals. The level of cholesterol increased in both treatments i.e. zinc and lead but cholesterol level increased much more in the lead treatment as compared to zinc treatment. The enzyme activities of SDH, GDH, PDH decreased in both treatment i.e. zinc and lead. The ascorbic acid at the rate of 400 mg/kg (21 days) feeding was given to fish so as to find out the ameliorating effects. There was an improvement in the protein levels, cholesterol levels and the enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH. The ascorbic acid contents decreased with an increase of the dose level of heavy metals because ascorbic acid reduces the toxicity of heavy metals. This is the reason that the protein, cholesterol and enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH improved when ascorbic acid feeding was given to fish. After 45 days treatment of zinc and lead, fish was exposed to metal free water for recovery period of 21 days. There was a 5-50% recovery in fish protein, cholesterol and the enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH. The zinc and lead treatment at different dose levels i.e. 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 ppm, showed the toxic effects in C. mrigala and there was a change in the behaviour, external body symptoms, protein level, cholesterol level and the enzymatic activities of the fish.