Browsing by Author "Ajay"
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ThesisItem Open Access Development of quality audit templates for monitoring and improvement of quality & performance of a process(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Pramod Kumar; AjayA major of portion of economy of our nation comes from Indian agriculture and unorganized industrial sector. A major percentage of Indian agriculture is also being carried out in an ill articulated and unorganized manner leading to small land size, loss of crop, lower yield, unavailability of potential market, untimely operations, and pressure of debt on farmers. Main features of unorganized working are no accounting, unplanned working, no record keeping, poor efficiency, waste generation, etc. The same mistakes are kept on repeating resulting to cumulative financial loss and failure of the system. Presently implementation of GST and other measures taken by the government are forcing to all business organization to maintain their records properly & pay taxes. This is possible only when organizations which belong to unorganized sector will turn to become organized by virtue of their working procedure. In this work suitability of use of existing quality control tools is examined for this purpose their associated difficulties are pointed out. It is purposed to use quality audit templates in addition to other quality control tool to make the unorganized sector an organized one. This can maintain proper records, reduction of waste and improvement of efficiency. This also enables the organizations to pay taxes in proper manner for national growth. This work includes development of three quality audit templates, self monitoring quality audit template, performance audit template, customized quality audit template. The logical procedure of development of these templates using related input information is described in results and discussion. It is recommended that the same procedure can be applied to develop other similar audit templates. Analysis of templates to draw fruitful conclusions for process improvement is also described. This description also includes important factors stating the possibility of failure of use of these templates. Use of the templates is recommended for achieving objectives of efficiency and performance improvement and turning the working of unorganized sector into an organized one.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Biological Seed Treatments and Storage Containers on the Seed Quality of Onion Seed Lots(2018) Ajay; lal s kA study was done to evaluate the potential of bioagents in enhancing seed quality of carry over and fresh seed lots of two varieties of onion viz. Pusa Red and Pusa Riddhi stored in cloth bags and aluminum foil packets. Freshly harvested (2015-16) and carry over seeds (2014-15) of onion cultivars of Pusa Red and Pusa Riddhi were collected from IARI R.S. Karnal and Seed Production Unit, IARI, New Delhi. The seeds were treated with Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis as well as fungicides viz. Thiram and Bavistin as per the recommended dosage and stored under ambient conditions for six months. The seed quality parameters were analysed at an interval of two months. The fungicides and bioagents were evaluated for their efficacy against Purple blotch pathogen (Alternaria porri) through Inhibition zone technique and Poisoned food technique. The seeds stored in aluminum foil packets showed lower seed moisture content than seeds stored in cloth bags throughout the storage period. The treated seeds were effective in maintaining the seed quality parameters viz. Germination per cent, Vigour indices, SOG, MGT and seed health as compared to control. Amongst chemical seed treatments, the seeds treated with Bavistin were found to be most effective. The seeds treated with B. pumilus exhibited better seed quality as compared to other bioagents. The fresh seed lot of cv. Pusa Red maintained better seed quality among all seed lots whereas the carry over seed lot of cv. Pusa Riddhi was characterised with maximum seed deterioration throughout the storage period. The seeds stored in aluminum foil packets maintained better seed quality parameters as compared to seeds stored in cloth bags among the four seed lots. The treated seeds showed better storability up to six months of storage as compared to control. Seed health tests revealed that the seeds treated with Thiram and Bavistin showed better control of seed borne fungi than other seed treatments, followed by B. pumilus. Field emergence of treated seeds showed a similar trend of germination capacity (as recorded in standard germination test), maximum being in the fresh seed lots of Pusa Red treated with Bavistin. The maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded in case of Thiram + Bavistin, followed by Thiram in the efficacy tests of fungicides against purple blotch pathogen. Among bioagents, the maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of Alternaria porri was exhibited by Trichoderma harzianum, followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of edible coatings enriched with cinnamic acid on postharvest life and quality of mango fruit under low temperature storage(Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Ajay; Gill, Parmpal SinghThe present investigations entitled ‘Effect of edible coatings enriched with cinnamic acid on postharvest life and quality of mango fruit under low temperature storage’ were conducted in Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2022. The fruit were applied with coatings of gum arabic, xanthan gum and carrageenan alone and their combination with cinnamic acid at different concentrations and stored at low temperature (12 ± 1 °C and 85-90 % RH) for 28 days. Both coated and uncoated fruit were analyzed for different physico-chemical attributes and enzymatic assays on 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day for stored fruit. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. It was concluded that under low temperature storage conditions, the composite coatings of GA 20 % + CA 0.2 %, XG 1.0 % + CA 0.2 % and CG 1.0 % + CA 0.2 % efficiently delayed the ripening process and preserved the fruit quality attributes in ‘Dusehri’ mango up to 28 days of storage period. Fruit applied with these coating recorded the lowest weight loss, membrane permeability & fruit decay and maintained significantly higher fruit firmness, organoleptic profile, TSS, titratable acidity, sugars, vitamin C, TPC, TFC, TCC and TAA. Also, these treatments registered higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (PAL, SOD, CAT and POD) and suppressed the activities of PME, CL and PG cell wall degrading enzymes.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination and seedling performance of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia Cav.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Ajay; Arya, SandeepThe present investigation entitled “Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination and seedling performance of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia Cav.)” was conducted at Seed Science and Technology department and Nursery of forestry department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and growth performance of Melia dubia in various growing media. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications at laboratory and three replications at nursery, respectively. Based on the research investigation, it was found that pre-sowing treatment and growing media had significantly influenced the germination and growth performance of Melia dubia. Among pre-sowing treatment on fruit showed maximum germination per cent (32.46%), viability (45.71%) and growth performance such as shoot length (15.52 cm), root length (6.78 cm), seedling dry weight (0.623 g) in cow dung for seven days which was significantly higher in all pre-treatments and on seeds maximum germination per cent (29.18%), viability (41.68%) and growth parameters was recoded in GA3 @ 100 ppm for 24 hours which was statistically at par with GA3 @ 200 ppm for 24 hours in shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight. In experiment 2, the seed treatment with different growing media, showed maximum seedling growth performance in cow dung treated fruits with sowing in cocopeat: vermiculite: vermicompost (3:1:1) that was statistically at par with cocopeat: perlite: vermiculite (3:1:1). Whereas, control (without treatment) in kernels, conc. H2SO4 for 5 minutes on fruits and sandy soil as a control in growing media showed minimum germination and growth performance.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oils against bacterial flora of the field rodents in Hisar(CCSHAU, 2018) Ajay; RavikantStudies on population dynamics of rodents was carried out in Seed science technology research farm area in Rabi and Kharif seasons and the field rodents were trapped during the investigation for bacterial isolation. This study was revealed that population dynamics of Rattus rattus was more as compare to, and Tetara indica in both seasons. Trap index was found highest in the second week and least in the first week of the sowing season but highest in the first week during harvesting season. Total nine bacteria were isolates from the field rodent i.e. M. musculus, T. indica and R. ratuus. On the basis of secondary biochemical tests, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Eschierichia, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus and Proteus were more prevalent in captured rodent species. To determine the antimicrobial resistance occurs in various bacterial agents isolated from rodents. The bacterial isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility to fourteen antibiotics and four essential oils at different concentrations. The bacterial isoletes no. RRA2, TIA1 and TIA2 were found multidrug resistance towards three antibiotics (Ampicillin, Ampicillin/sulbactum, and Cefuroxime/Cephalothin) and have a great concern of matter to human and veterinary health. Thus rodents may be proving their role in spreading zoonotic diseases. The selected essential oils (i.e. Eucalyptus, lemon grass, clove and cinnamon) exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial isolates. Use of essential oils instead of antibiotics can help in diseases control.ThesisItem Open Access Improving pollination efficiency in strawberry and bitter gourd employing western honey bee, Apis mellifera L. under protective environment and field conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Ajay; Chaudhary, O.P.Present research on strawberry cv. Winter Dawn in NVPH and bitter gourd cv. Pusa Do Mausmi under IPNH was conducted at CCS Haryana agricultural University, Hisar. Five A. mellifera colony placement modes viz. i) colony permanently inside ii) colony replacement at 21 days iii) addition of larva frame at 10 days iv) addition of pupa frame at 10 days and v) colony with 2-way entrance were evaluated along with three other treatments of vi) hand pollination, vii) open pollination, and viii) control (without bee pollination). Pollination units comprised of 3-frame A. mellifera colony introduced at start of flowering. In strawberry, early flowering initiation occurred (31-35 days from transplanting) under poly house compared to open field (36 days). Flowers visitors include 17 species dominated by Hymenoptera (72.13%). A. cerana was most abundant (21.36%) followed by A. mellifera (14.05%), six non-Apis bees (25.5%) and Diptera (16.42%). Dry nectar sugar was higher in 3 DOF (5.51mg/flower) at 1100 h (3.80 mg/flower). Foraging rate (5.5-5.8/minute) and foraging speed (9.0-10.0 seconds/flower) of A. mellifera was higher under poly house treatments. Heaviest fruits were in treatments of colony added with pupa or larval frame at 10 days and colony permanently inside (26.26, 26.22 and 26.21 g/fruit). Minimum fruit yield and income was in control (14.96 tonnes/ha, Rs 14.96 lakhs/ha) and maximum in bee colony added with a pupa or larva frame at 10 days (33.82 and 33.54 T/ha) and colony permanently inside (33.32 T/ha) with marginally lower yields in colony with 2-way entrance (32.65 T/ha). Bitter gourd flowering initiated in 31-32 days with prolonged duration of 81-83 days under enclosure compared to open fields (41 and 71 days). Floral visitors comprised of 17 species and Hymenoptera was most abundant taxa (63.95%) comprising four non-Apis bees (28.37%) and four honey bees (26.00%) followed by Lepidoptera (30.56%). A. mellifera foraging rate was higher at 0800 and 1100 h (7.4 and 7.3 flowers/minute) and in all bee colony treatments (7.0-7.4/minute). Foraging speed was higher in bee treatments (4.5-4.9 seconds/flower). Staminate flowers produced maximum DNS at 0600 hours (0.318 mg/flower) and pistillate at 1000 h (0.966 mg). Maximum DNS production was in hand pollination (0.941 mg/flower) and minimum in control treatments (0.821 mg). Fruit dimensions were higher in colonies with addition of either pupa or larva frame at 10 days (151.2 x 49.7 mm each) and colony permanently inside (150.5 x 49.1 mm). Similar observations were for fruit volume, weight, TSS, acidity and other qualitative traits. In control, meagre yield (4.06 T/ha) and total income (Rs. 20,277/ha) were obtained. In treatment of bee colony added with a pupa frame recorded maximum yield and income (31.17 T/ha and Rs. 6,23,327 /ha) along with addition of larva frame (30.99 T/ha and Rs. 6,19,993/ha) followed by colony with 2-way entrance (26.44 T/ha and Rs. 5,28,883/ha). Nectar and honey stores were maximum in colony with 2-way entrance (60.4, 15.2 inches2/colony) and minimum in colonies added with pupa frame (48.0, 9.5) or larva frame at 10 days (48.0, 9.3 inches2/colony). Pollen stores were higher in treatments of colony replacement at 21 days, colony with addition of pupa frame at 10 days and colony permanently inside (30.3, 29.1 and 28.5 inches2/ colony). Maximum brood was in colony added with larva frame at 10 days (115.9 inches) followed by addition of pupa frame and colony with 2-way entrance (110.1 and 109.4 inches). Studies recommend employing treatments of colony added with either pupa or larva frame at 10 day intervals and colony with 2-way entrance for efficient pollination of strawberry and bitter gourd under enclosures.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of the third dimension on the electronic spectra and out-of-plane transport behaviour in bilayered high Tc cuprates in normal state(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Tewari, Bhagya Sindhu; AjayThesisItem Open Access Investigations on machinability parameters of 7068 aluminium alloy using tin coated carbide positive rake tool bits(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-01) Kshetri, Rahul; AjayThe current work presents findings from the experimental investigation of the effect of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the feed force, cutting force and surface roughness, tool wear during turning of Aluminium alloy 7068, by using TiN coated carbide tool in dry condition. There are several dependent and independent parameters involved during orthogonal turning. Independent parameter are cutting speed, feed and depth of cut whereas, dependent parameters are feed force and cutting force components; measured by dynamometer. Due to generation of temperature in different zones, overall effect of temperature on tool tips has been measured by using thermal camera. The investigation is important because Al-7068 is difficult to machine and there is insufficient coverage on its study. Experimental work is carried out with the help of high speed lathe machine followed by measurement of force components and temperature at different input parameters. After machining, tool wear and surface roughness have been measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface roughness tester. Mathematical model in between all dependent and independent parameters have been developed using RSM. The causes of tool wear and their mechanism are also discussed in the present work. Surface plots are drawn for each mathematical model and their affects in different input parameters are presented with interaction and main affect plots. Tool wear and their mechanism with magnifying views of image are also reported in this work. Recommendations are drawn on the basis of analysis.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CROP ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2016) Singh, Nutan; (Smt.)Katiyar, Pratibha; Ajay; Kuruwanshi, V.B.; Mishra, V.N.; Lakhera, M.L.The investigation entitled “Morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of crop associated with resistance to pesticide applications” was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (M.P.) during 2015-2016. The major objective of this study was to study the impact of different concentrations of pesticide chlorpyrifos viz. 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25% on plant morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of soybean wheat and ashwagandha. The impacts of foliar spray of pesticide on growth and metabolism of plants viz. soybean, wheat and ashwagandha were studied under the control condition using chlorpyrifos. It was observed that the increased rate of pesticide treatment significantly decreased the morphological parameter i.e., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, in soybean, wheat and ashwagandha.ThesisItem Open Access Study of the role of pair transfer processes on isotope effect in superconducting TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2 systems(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Pant, Manju; AjayIn the present investigation, we have studied the role of interband pair transfer processes on isotope effect in layered TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2 systems. For this purpose we have considered two chain Hubbard model that includes the intra and intermolecular vibrations in the presence of electron Coulomb energy and the electron transfer energy between the chains. Such a model calculations will be applicable for the organic superconductors where molecular layered structures are available. We obtained the expressions for the superconducting order parameter, transition temperature and finally the isotope effect coefficient ( ) using double time Greens’s function equations of motion technique within BCS mean field approximation. Finally the numerical analysis show that isotope effect coefficient ( ) depends on the intra and interlayer molecular vibrations, the pair transfer processes and also on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) in layered organic superconductors like TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2 . On the basis of our model calculations we have predicted the effects of the pair transfer processes, the density of states at Fermi level and the chemical pressure on the isotope effect coefficient which need to be tested through rigorous experimental investigations on these systems.ThesisItem Open Access Study of the spectral properties of layered high Tc Cuprate superconductors(G.B.Pant University Of Agriculture And Technology Pantnagar : Uttaranchal, 2005) Pathak, Kumar Pradeep; Ajay