Browsing by Author "Abdul Khader, K M"
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ThesisItem Open Access Combining ability for drought tolerance and yield in blackgram(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Roy Isaac Varghese; KAU; Abdul Khader, K MA research programme consisting of five drought tolerant lines, three high yielding testers and their fifteen hybrids was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 1996-97, to evaluate the combining ability and gene action for drought tolerance, yield and related characters in blackgram. The lines and testers were selected based on previous performance and crossed and subjected to line x tester analysis and data recorded on both yield and drought related characters. Significant difference among the treatments was observed for all characters. Differences among parents were observed for all characters except number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant. Crosses were significantly different for all the characters. Therefore combining ability analysis was carried out for all characters. Specific combining ability variance was significant for all traits except number of branches per plant indicating the importance of non additive gene action. Both additive and non additive gene action were found to be involved for duration of the crop, number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant. However in all cases non additive gene action was predominant. Among lines, T 9 emerged as the best general combiner for various yield and drought related characters. The line, CoBG 302 was also found to be a better general combiner for various characters. Among testers, WBG 67 proved to be the best general combiner followed by VB 11. No specific cross combination was found to be significantly different for all the traits together. However the cross PDU 101 x WBG 67, CoBG 302 x CoBG 303 and T 9 x VB 11 were found to be the better specific combiner, when all the characters are considered. In short on the basis of combining ability estimated the lines T 9 and CoBG 302? the testers WBG 67 and VB 11 and the hybrids PDU 101 x WBG67, CoBG 302 x CoBG 303 and T 9 x VB 11 were suggested for further utilization for improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Estimation of combining ability and heterosis in snakegourd(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Radhika V S; KAU; Abdul Khader, K MA diallel analysis in snakegourd iTrichosanthes anguina. L.) was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 1997-1999. The research work was taken up to assess the general and specific combining abilities, nature of gene action and also to estimate the heterosis for various characters. The six parents involved were selected from a previous D2 analysis conducted in the Department and were the most divergent ones. They are PI (Nedumangad local), P2 (Thrikkannapuram local), P3 (Kanhangad local - 3), P4 (Vlathankara local), Ps (Kaumudi) and P6 (Idukki local). The observations were recorded on yield and yield attributing characters. Significant differences were detected among the mean performance of the genotypes, for all the characters studied. The combining ability analysis revealed that the parent P, (Kaumudi) was the best general combiner for most of the yield and and yield contributing traits. The hybrids PI x Ps, P2 X P, and P2 x P6 were superior specific combiners in yield characters like mean weight of fruit, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant respectively. The crosses involving P, and P6 were found to be good specific combiners for yield and yield contributing characters. The variance due to general and specific combining ability was significant in almost all the characters studied indicating the significance of both additive and non additive gene action in the characters. The sea variance was found to be more than gca variance in most of the characters studied indicating the predominance of non additive gene action. The ratio of additive to dominance variance was less than one in most of the characters again indicating the predominant influence of non additive gene action which strongly substantiated the validity of the heterosis breeding method in improving the crop. Manifestation of heterosis was seen for all the characters studied. Among the hybrids, P2 x Ps had the maximum standard heterosis for yield and yield related characters. The crosses PI x Ps, P, X P(, and P3 x P, also exhibited significant standard heterosis for these characters. In general the hybrids involving the parent Ps was found to be more heterotic.ThesisItem Open Access Genatic variability and characterisation in wax type chilli (capsicum annuum L.)(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Mini, S; KAU; Abdul Khader, K MThe present study entitled “Genetic variability and characterisation in wax type chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, during 2002-2003. The data for investigation was collected from a field experiment laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The 25 genotypes included in the study showed significant difference for the 14 traits. The maximum values for phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for green fruit yield per plant and the minimum values for number of days to first flowering. PCV and GCV were high for fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, 100-seed weight and fruit length. Fruiting span, 100-seed weight, fruit length, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and number of secondary branches showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Yield per plant was positively correlated with plant height, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit width, 100-seed weight, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, plant spread and fruit length. Path analysis revealed high positive direct effects of number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight with yield. Hence selection for these characters can improve yield. The 25 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Cluster II was the largest with seven genotypes while cluster VIII and IX with one genotype each were the smallest. Intercluster distance was maximum between III and IX while intracluster distance was maximum in VII. Cluster III containing three genotypes and cluster VIII containing a single genotype was found to be superior to the other clusters in respect of desirable characters. The genotypes also obtained high ranks when ranked on the basis of selection index. Morphological characterisation of the genotypes with respect to six morphological traits viz., Plant growth habit, branching, leaf density, fruit shape, fruit surface and fruit cross sectional corrugation was also done. The high yielding types viz., Honnavar Local, Payyannur local, Periya local, Para local and Hungarian Wax identified from the study could be used as parents in crop improvement to evolve high yielding varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of yield and leaf curl virus resistance in chilli (Capsicum spp.)(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2010) Anandhi, K; KAU; Abdul Khader, K MPepper fruits (Capsicum spp.) are among the most consumed vegetables as fresh green or red and dried whole or ground forms in the world for its pungency. Leaf curl virus is an important biotic stress transmitted by the vector, Bemisia tabaci. Controlling the vector can be the only way to manage the disease and results in only partial control of disease. The incidence of disease is more in summer season and makes the cultivation uneconomical. There is an immediate need to develop leaf curl resistant varieties especially for summer cultivation. Hence the present investigation was undertaken at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2007-2009 with the objective of estimating the combining ability, heterosis and gene action involved in the inheritance of yield and leaf curl virus resistance. Five resistant C. frutescens accessions Mangalapuram Local, Thavanur Local, Kayamkulam Local, Mavelikkara Local and Nenmara Local were crossed in L x T pattern with three high yielding susceptible varieties Jwalamukhi, Jwalasakhi and Vellayani Athulya and 15 F1s were produced and evaluated along with the parents in randomized block design. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic difference for all the characters studied. The observations recorded were plant height (cm), number of branches, number of days to first flowering, plant spread (cm), duration of flowering (fruiting span), number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), pedicel - fruit ratio, fruit colour at intermediate stage, green fruit yield per plant (g), average fruit weight (g), number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight (g), duration of crop, vector population and virus disease scoring. Higher estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for vulnerability index and green fruit yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were exhibited for days to first flowering, duration of flowering, number of fruits per plant, green fruit yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit, duration of crop and vulnerability index. Combining ability analysis showed that the line Mavelikkara Local and Nenmara Local were alone good general combiners for fruit yield along with leaf curl resistance. Four hybrids viz., Mavelikkara Local x Jwalasakhi, Nenmara Local x Vellayani Athulya, Kayamkulam Local x Jwalamukhi and Thavanur Local x Jwalamukhi exhibited significant sca effect for fruit yield. Considering per se performance, standard heterosis and sca effect two hybrids Mavelikkara Local x Jwalasakhi and Nenmara Local x Vellayani Athulya were found to be superior. Generation mean analysis was carried out using six-parameter model. Six generations viz. P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, B2 were built up among the crosses Mavelikkara Local x Jwalasakhi and Nenmara Local x Vellayani Athulya. Presence of additive, dominance and epistatic interaction for all the characters indicated that hybridization or recombination-breeding programme can be followed for future breeding.ArticleItem Open Access Genetic studies in snakegourd (Trichosanthes-anguina L.)(Kerala Agricultural University, 1999) Sanju Susan Mathew; Abdul Khader, K M; KAUThesisItem Open Access Screening for leaf curl virus disease complex resistance, genetic evaluation and molecular characterization of bird chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.)(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2006) Nicey, Mathew; KAU; Abdul Khader, K MThe investigation entitled “Screening for leaf curl virus disease complex resistance, genetic evaluation and molecular characterisation of bird chilli (C. frutescens L.)” was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2003-2005. The data for the investigation were collected from two field experiments, each laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The second experiment was conducted without taking any control measures against leaf curl virus disease. The 49 genotypes included in the study showed significant difference for all the 14 biometric characters. They all showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance except days to first flowering for which the genetic advance was moderate. The maximum values for phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for fruit yield per plant and individual fruit weight respectively and the minimum values for days to first flowering. Fruit yield per plant was positively correlated with number of fruit per plant, number of secondary branches, plant spread, 100-seed weight, number of primary branches, number of seeds per fruit, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and plant height. Path analysis revealed high positive direct effect of individual fruit weight and number of fruits per plant on yield per plant. Hence selection for these characters can improve the yield. The 49 genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Cluster I was the largest with 29 genotypes while clusters IV and V had only one genotype each. Clusters II and III had 11 and eight genotypes respectively. Cluster I was found to be superior to the other clusters with respect to the desirable characters. The genotypes were ranked based on the selection indices. High yielding and superior genotypes had high selection indices while low yielding genotypes were having low selection indices. Field screening of 49 genotypes for leaf curl virus resistance (experiment II) showed that five genotypes were highly tolerant to the disease while 14 genotypes were susceptible and 30 were highly susceptible. Comparison of yield and vulnerability index in both the experiments showed that reduction in yield was less in tolerant varieties than in susceptible varieties. The yield performance of Karumukku local, Thavanur local 3 and Meenachil local were comparable under controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Correlation analysis showed negative association of yield with vulnerability index in both experiments indicating that susceptibility to the disease leads to reduction in yield. The high yielding and leaf curl tolerant types identified from the study can be used as parents in crop improvement programme to evolve high yielding, leaf curl tolerant varieties. RAPD analysis was performed using the random primers OPA-01, OPB-01, OPB-06 and OPB-10 and the 49 genotypes were characterized using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient analysis and a dendrogram was constructed to cluster the genotypes. The high yielding genotypes T1 (Karumukku local) and T15 (Thavanur local 3) came in the same cluster (cluster II) while the leaf curl virus tolerant genotypes T35 (Kayamkulam local 3) and T33 (Kayamkulam local 4) came in the other cluster (Cluster I).ArticleItem Open Access Two new sesame varieties for Kerala(Kerala Agricultural University, 1989) Sverup John; Abdul Khader, K M; Geetha, P; Gopinathan Nair, V; KAUACV-1 and ACV-2 are the two new sesame varieties released in Kerala recently. These varieties were evolved by pureline selection from germplasm types P38 (a Punjab variety) and No.42 (a West Bengal variety) respectively. ACV-1 (selection No. 38-1) was released as 'Soma' for summer rice fallows. This has multiloculed capsules having white bold seeds with substantial increase in seed yield over the standard variety, Kayamkulam 2. ACV-2 (Selection No.42-1) was released as 'Surya' for the rabi uplands. This variety also has multiloculed capsules having grey bold seeds with significant increase in seed yield over Kayamkulam 2.