Browsing by Author "ALLY, K."
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF REPLACING DRIED FISH WITH LYSINE AND METHIONINE IN THE CALF STARTER ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED CALVES(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2004) JITH JOHN MATHEW; ALLY, K.A growth trial was conducted with fourteen crossbred calves below one month of Ige for 145 days to study the effect of replacement of unsalted dried fish in the calf starter with a total vegetable protein source supplemented with lysine and methionine. Calves were divided into two groups as uniformly as possible and allotted randomly to two dietary treatments. The control group was fed with a calf starter containing unsalted dried fish. The treatment group was fed a calf starter with only vegetable protein sources formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with control calf starter and equated by supplementation, with the same as regard to amino acids lysine and methionine plus cystine. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference in any of the parameters recorded during the study. An average daily gain of 325 grams and 348 grams were obtained in calves fed with the control and treatment diets respectively. Feed to gain ratio for the control and treatment groups were 3.85 and 3.81 respectively. Dry matter intake and haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, plasma glucose, serum total protein and blood urea nitrogen were similar in calves receiving the two dietary treatments. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients observed were 66.37 and 65.84 for dry matter, 72.21 and 72.36 for crude protein, 64.28 and 61.85 for ether extract, 62.34 and 60.71 for neutral detergent fibre and 51.95 and 52.25 for acid detergent fibre for the control and treatment diets respectively. Identical performance was obtained in all the parameters recorded. Cost per kilogram body weight gain was Rs 71.40 for the control group and Rs 69.63 in the treatment group. It could be inferred from the study that unsalted fish in a calf starter can be fully replaced by plant protein sources supplemented for existing deficiencies in lysine and methionine plus cystine to obtain similar growth performance of cross bred pre-ruminant calves.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF UREA AS A SOURCE OF RUMEN DEGRADABLE PROTEIN ON MILK PRODUCTION OF CROSSBRED COWS IN EARLY LACTATION(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2005) SHEENA JOSEPH; ALLY, K.A study was conducted with crossbred cows to assess the effect of urea as a source of rumen degradable protein on the milk production in early lactation. Eight crossbred cows within 20 days of lactation were selected as uniformly as possible with regard to their age, parity, weight and milk yield. They were allotted to the four dietary treatments in a switch over design. The four concentrate mixtures contained 16.93, 17.37, 19.92 and 19.92 per cent crude protein (CP) and 70.60, 69.24, 70.26 and 68.98 per cent TDN, respectively. The levels of rumen undegradable protein (UDP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP) in the four concentrate mixtures were 28, 39.15, 26.46 and 40 per cent of CP as UDP and 72, 61.85, 73.54 and 60 per cent of CP as RDP, respectively, on DM basis. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of dietary CP or UDP levels on the body weight, dry matter intake and milk production of animals. The inclusion of urea at different CP or UDP levels did not show any marked influence on the production performance of the animals. There was no significant difference in any of milk composition parameters except MUN which was significantly higher (P<0.05) with 20 per cent concentrate mixtures compared to 17 per cent concentrate mixtures at both levels of degradability. The haematological and biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin, plasma glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, plasma calcium, plasma phosphorus, plasma total protein and albumin estimated at the end of each feeding period were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the four dietary treatments. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of four dietary combinations on rumen fermentation parameters such as rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids and (TVFA) and rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3—N) concentration. The cost of production per kg milk produced was Rs.7.25, 8.10, 8.05 and 9.09, respectively, for the four dietary treatments. From the overall results obtained in the present study, it could be concluded that a 17 per cent CP concentrate mixture with 28 per cent UDP was sufficient for meeting the protein requirement of early lactating crossbred cows producing about 10 kg milk per day. The study also revealed that one per cent urea can be added in the concentrate mixture of early lactating cows as a source of RDP without any deleterious effect.